Covid-19 İmmünopatogenezi
Özet
Referanslar
Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(8):727-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. PubMed PMID: 31978945.
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-3. Epub 2020/02/06. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. PubMed PMID: 32015507; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7095418.
Organization WH. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard 2020 [updated 2020/12/21, 9:42am CET21.12.2020]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.
Zhang B, Zhou X, Qiu Y, Feng F, Feng J, Jia Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 82 death cases with COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020:2020.02.26.20028191. doi: 10.1101/2020.02.26.20028191.
Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Luong QC, Nguyen TV, Nguyen HT, Le HQ, et al. Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(9):872-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001272.
Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, Fu J, Feng X, Mu D, et al. Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition). Annals of translational medicine. 2020;8(3):47. Epub 2020/03/11. doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.20. PubMed PMID: 32154287; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7036629.
Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426(6965):450-4. Epub 2003/12/04. doi: 10.1038/nature02145. PubMed PMID: 14647384; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7095016.
Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis. 2020;10(2):102-8. Epub 2020/04/14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001. PubMed PMID: 32282863; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7104082.
Kabeerdoss J, Danda D. Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID-19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2020;23(8):998-1008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.13909.
Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nature Microbiology. 2020;5(4):562-9. doi: 10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y.
Fehr AR, Perlman S. Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, NJ). 2015;1282:1-23. Epub 2015/02/28. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. PubMed PMID: 25720466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4369385.
Yang L, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Wan X, Huang B, et al. COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics. Signal transduction and targeted therapy. 2020;5(1):128. Epub 2020/07/28. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2. PubMed PMID: 32712629; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7381863.
Berthelot J-M, Lioté F. COVID-19 as a STING disorder with delayed over-secretion of interferon-beta. EBioMedicine. 2020;56:102801. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102801.
Pouletty M, Borocco C, Ouldali N, Caseris M, Basmaci R, Lachaume N, et al. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2020;79(8):999-1006. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217960.
Vabret N, Britton GJ, Gruber C, Hegde S, Kim J, Kuksin M, et al. Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science. Immunity. 2020;52(6):910-41. Epub 2020/06/09. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002. PubMed PMID: 32505227; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7200337 Sciences, Primevax, Novartis, Array BioPharma, Roche, Avidea, Boeringer Ingelheim, Rome Therapeutics, Roswell Park, and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy. N.B. receives research support from the Parker Insitute, Novocure, Celldex, Genentech, Oncovir, and Regeneron. M.M. serves as an advisor/board member for Celsius, Pionyr, Compugen, Myeloids and Innate pharma and ad hoc for Takeda. M.M. receives research support from Regeneron, Takeda, and Genentech. A.M. has equity in Gilead Sciences and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
Chen J, Subbarao K. The Immunobiology of SARS*. Annual review of immunology. 2007;25:443-72. Epub 2007/01/25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141706. PubMed PMID: 17243893.
García LF. Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1441. Epub 2020/07/03. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01441. PubMed PMID: 32612615; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7308593.
Cameron MJ, Kelvin AA, Leon AJ, Cameron CM, Ran L, Xu L, et al. Lack of Innate Interferon Responses during SARS Coronavirus Infection in a Vaccination and Reinfection Ferret Model. PLOS ONE. 2012;7(9):e45842. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045842.
Blanco-Melo D, Nilsson-Payant BE, Liu W-C, Uhl S, Hoagland D, Møller R, et al. Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19. Cell. 2020;181(5):1036-45.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026.
Hadjadj J, Yatim N, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Boussier J, Péré H, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and exacerbated inflammatory responses in severe Covid-19 patients. medRxiv. 2020:2020.04.19.20068015. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.19.20068015.
Chen I-Y, Moriyama M, Chang M-F, Ichinohe T. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Viroporin 3a Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019;10(50). doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00050.
Nieto-Torres JL, Verdiá-Báguena C, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Regla-Nava JA, Castaño-Rodriguez C, Fernandez-Delgado R, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. Virology. 2015;485:330-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.010.
Li J, Guo M, Tian X, Wang X, Yang X, Wu P, et al. Virus-Host Interactome and Proteomic Survey Reveal Potential Virulence Factors Influencing SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis. Med (New York, NY). 2020. Epub 2020/08/25. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.07.002. PubMed PMID: 32838362; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7373048.
Guilliams M, Lambrecht BN, Hammad H. Division of labor between lung dendritic cells and macrophages in the defense against pulmonary infections. Mucosal Immunology. 2013;6(3):464-73. doi: 10.1038/mi.2013.14.
Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Netea MG, Rovina N, Akinosoglou K, Antoniadou A, Antonakos N, et al. Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure. Cell host & microbe. 2020;27(6):992-1000.e3. Epub 2020/04/23. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.009. PubMed PMID: 32320677; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7172841.
Huang L, Shi Y, Gong B, Jiang L, Liu X, Yang J, et al. Blood single cell immune profiling reveals the interferon-MAPK pathway mediated adaptive immune response for COVID-19. medRxiv. 2020:2020.03.15.20033472. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.15.20033472.
Ong EZ, Chan YFZ, Leong WY, Lee NMY, Kalimuddin S, Haja Mohideen SM, et al. A Dynamic Immune Response Shapes COVID-19 Progression. Cell host & microbe. 2020;27(6):879-82.e2. Epub 2020/05/04. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.021. PubMed PMID: 32359396; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7192089.
Wen W, Su W, Tang H, Le W, Zhang X, Zheng Y, et al. Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stageby single-cell sequencing. Cell Discovery. 2020;6(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41421-020-0168-9.
Liu J, Wu P, Gao F, Qi J, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Xie J, et al. Novel Immunodominant Peptide Presentation Strategy: a Featured HLA-A*2402-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Stabilized by Intrachain Hydrogen Bonds from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein. Journal of Virology. 2010;84(22):11849-57. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01464-10.
Keicho N, Itoyama S, Kashiwase K, Phi NC, Long HT, Ha LD, et al. Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the Vietnamese population. Human Immunology. 2009;70(7):527-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2009.05.006.
Chen Y-MA, Liang S-Y, Shih Y-P, Chen C-Y, Lee Y-M, Chang L, et al. Epidemiological and Genetic Correlates of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the Hospital with the Highest Nosocomial Infection Rate in Taiwan in 2003. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2006;44(2):359-65. doi: 10.1128/jcm.44.2.359-365.2006.
Human-Leukocyte Antigen Class I Cw 1502 and Class II DR 0301 Genotypes Are Associated with Resistance to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Infection. Viral Immunology. 2011;24(5):421-6. doi: 10.1089/vim.2011.0024. PubMed PMID: 21958371.
Agrawal P, Nawadkar R, Ojha H, Kumar J, Sahu A. Complement Evasion Strategies of Viruses: An Overview. Frontiers in microbiology. 2017;8:1117. Epub 2017/07/04. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01117. PubMed PMID: 28670306; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5472698.
Java A, Apicelli AJ, Liszewski MK, Coler-Reilly A, Atkinson JP, Kim AH, et al. The complement system in COVID-19: friend and foe? JCI insight. 2020;5(15). Epub 2020/06/20. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.140711. PubMed PMID: 32554923; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7455060 Alexion Pharmaceuticals and Novartis Pharmaceuticals and serving as a consultant for Gemini Therapeutics. JPA reports serving as a consultant for Celldex Therapeutics, Clinical Pharmacy Services, Kypha Inc., Achillion Pharmaceuticals Inc., and BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. and stock or equity options in Compliment Corporation, Kypha Inc., Gemini Therapeutics, and AdMiRx Inc. AHJK reports personal fees (<$10,000) from Exagen Diagnostics Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline.
Gao T, Hu M, Zhang X, Li H, Zhu L, Liu H, et al. Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates lung injury by MASP-2-mediated complement over-activation. medRxiv. 2020:2020.03.29.20041962. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.29.20041962.
Wilk AJ, Rustagi A, Zhao NQ, Roque J, Martínez-Colón GJ, McKechnie JL, et al. A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19. Nature Medicine. 2020;26(7):1070-6. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0944-y.
Snell LM, Osokine I, Yamada DH, De la Fuente JR, Elsaesser HJ, Brooks DG. Overcoming CD4 Th1 Cell Fate Restrictions to Sustain Antiviral CD8 T Cells and Control Persistent Virus Infection. Cell reports. 2016;16(12):3286-96. Epub 2016/09/23. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.065. PubMed PMID: 27653690; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5669380.
Huang AT, Garcia-Carreras B, Hitchings MDT, Yang B, Katzelnick LC, Rattigan SM, et al. A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease. medRxiv. 2020:2020.04.14.20065771. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.14.20065771.
Liu L, To KK, Chan KH, Wong YC, Zhou R, Kwan KY, et al. High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19. Emerging microbes & infections. 2020;9(1):1664-70. Epub 2020/07/04. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1791738. PubMed PMID: 32618497; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7473321.
Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. medRxiv. 2020:2020.03.02.20030189. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.02.20030189.
Braun J, Loyal L, Frentsch M, Wendisch D, Georg P, Kurth F, et al. SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19. Nature. 2020;587(7833):270-4. Epub 2020/07/30. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2598-9. PubMed PMID: 32726801.
Karlsson AC, Humbert M, Buggert M. The known unknowns of T cell immunity to COVID-19. Science immunology. 2020;5(53). Epub 2020/11/20. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8063. PubMed PMID: 33208380.
Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2020;8(4):420-2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.
Wu D, Yang XO. TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53(3):368-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005. PubMed PMID: 32205092.
Esmaeilzadeh A, Elahi R. Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19: A clinically updated overview. Journal of cellular physiology. 2020. Epub 2020/10/07. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30076. PubMed PMID: 33022076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7675260.
Diao B, Wang C, Tan Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Ning L, et al. Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11(827). doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00827.
Tay MZ, Poh CM, Rénia L, MacAry PA, Ng LFP. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nature reviews Immunology. 2020;20(6):363-74. Epub 2020/04/30. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8. PubMed PMID: 32346093; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7187672.
Wan S, Yi Q, Fan S, Lv J, Zhang X, Guo L, et al. Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood of 123 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). medRxiv. 2020:2020.02.10.20021832. doi: 10.1101/2020.02.10.20021832.
Tavakolpour S, Rakhshandehroo T, Wei EX, Rashidian M. Lymphopenia during the COVID-19 infection: What it shows and what can be learned. Immunology letters. 2020;225:31-2. Epub 2020/06/23. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.013. PubMed PMID: 32569607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7305732.
Yang AP, Liu JP, Tao WQ, Li HM. The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients. International immunopharmacology. 2020;84:106504. Epub 2020/04/19. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106504. PubMed PMID: 32304994; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7152924.
Zheng M, Gao Y, Wang G, Song G, Liu S, Sun D, et al. Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2020;17(5):533-5. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2.
Bordallo B, Bellas M, Cortez AF, Vieira M, Pinheiro M. Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis? Advances in Rheumatology. 2020;60.
Zhang Y-y, Li B-r, Ning B-t. The Comparative Immunological Characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infections. Frontiers in Immunology. 2020;11(2033). doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02033.
Channappanavar R, Fehr AR, Vijay R, Mack M, Zhao J, Meyerholz DK, et al. Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice. Cell host & microbe. 2016;19(2):181-93. Epub 2016/02/13. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.007. PubMed PMID: 26867177; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4752723.
Channappanavar R, Fehr AR, Zheng J, Wohlford-Lenane C, Abrahante JE, Mack M, et al. IFN-I response timing relative to virus replication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2019;129(9):3625-39. Epub 2019/07/30. doi: 10.1172/jci126363. PubMed PMID: 31355779; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6715373.
Hadjadj J, Yatim N, Barnabei L, Corneau A, Boussier J, Smith N, et al. Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients. Science (New York, NY). 2020;369(6504):718-24. Epub 2020/07/15. doi: 10.1126/science.abc6027. PubMed PMID: 32661059; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7402632.
Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.
Henderson LA, Canna SW, Schulert GS, Volpi S, Lee PY, Kernan KF, et al. On the Alert for Cytokine Storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2020;72(7):1059-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41285.
Bryce C, Grimes Z, Pujadas E, Ahuja S, Beasley MB, Albrecht R, et al. Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2: targeting of endothelial cells renders a complex disease with thrombotic microangiopathy and aberrant immune response. The Mount Sinai COVID-19 autopsy experience. medRxiv. 2020:2020.05.18.20099960. doi: 10.1101/2020.05.18.20099960.
Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Seminars in immunopathology. 2017;39(5):529-39. Epub 2017/05/04. doi: 10.1007/s00281-017-0629-x. PubMed PMID: 28466096; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7079893.
Wong CK, Lam CW, Wu AK, Ip WK, Lee NL, Chan IH, et al. Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clinical and experimental immunology. 2004;136(1):95-103. Epub 2004/03/20. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x. PubMed PMID: 15030519; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1808997.
Li CK-f, Wu H, Yan H, Ma S, Wang L, Zhang M, et al. T cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans. J Immunol. 2008;181(8):5490-500. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5490. PubMed PMID: 18832706.
Han SN, Meydani SN. Antioxidants, cytokines, and influenza infection in aged mice and elderly humans. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2000;182 Suppl 1:S74-80. Epub 2000/08/17. doi: 10.1086/315915. PubMed PMID: 10944487.
Pons S, Fodil S, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Critical Care. 2020;24(1):353. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03062-7.
Jacob CO. On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. Clin Immunol. 2020;220:108591-. Epub 2020/09/10. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108591. PubMed PMID: 32920210.
Zuo Y, Yalavarthi S, Shi H, Gockman K, Zuo M, Madison JA, et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. JCI Insight. 2020;5(11). doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.138999.
Becker RC. COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2020;50(1):54-67. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3.
Mahase E. Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests. BMJ. 2020;371:m3981. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3981.
Doran MF, Crowson CS, Pond GR, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. Frequency of infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls: a population-based study. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2002;46(9):2287-93. Epub 2002/10/02. doi: 10.1002/art.10524. PubMed PMID: 12355475.
Danza A, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: susceptibility factors and preventive strategies. Lupus. 2013;22(12):1286-94. Epub 2013/10/08. doi: 10.1177/0961203313493032. PubMed PMID: 24098001.
Favalli EG, Monti S, Ingegnoli F, Balduzzi S, Caporali R, Montecucco C. Incidence of COVID-19 in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases Treated With Targeted Immunosuppressive Drugs: What Can We Learn From Observational Data? Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2020;72(10):1600-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41388.