Enerji Metabolizması ve Diyet
Özet
Günümüzde obezite ve obeziteyle ilişkili tip 2 diyabet, ateroskleroz, alkolik olmayan karaciğer yağlanması gibi kronik hastalıkların prevalanslarındaki önlenemez artış küresel ölçekte halk sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Tüm bu hastalıkların etkin bir şekilde yönetimi ise enerji metabolizmasının doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasını ve bu metabolizmayla ilişkili sistemlerin incelenmesini gerektirmektedir. Metabolik süreçlerdeki biyokimyasal reaksiyonların karmaşık ayrıntıları, bunları katabolize eden enzimlerin yapıları ve reaksiyonların fizyolojik işlevleri yıllardır süregelen bilimsel araştırmalarda detaylı olarak açıklanmış ve ders kitaplarının temel konuları haline gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bu mekanizmaların beslenme, fiziksel aktivite, takviye kullanımı gibi değiştirilebilir faktörlerce regülasyonuna ilişkin çalışmaların ise günümüzde arttığı ve bir odak haline geldiği görülmektedir. Konuya ilişkin yürütülen hayvan modeli çalışmalarıyla randomize kontrollü klinik araştırmalarda elde edilen sonuçların birbirini doğrulaması gelecekteki diyetsel stratejilerin belirlenebilmesine yönelik umut verici niteliktedir. Kitabın bu bölümünde enerji metabolizmasının temel bileşenleri tanımlanarak bu bileşenleri kontrol eden fizyolojik mekanizmalar açıklanmış ve enerji metabolizmasını etkileyen değiştirilebilir faktörlerden diyetin rolü ve önemi literatürel bulgular ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Nowadays, the unstoppable increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease threatens public health on a global scale. Effective managing all these diseases requires a correct understanding of energy metabolism and examining the systems associated with this metabolism. The complex details of biochemical reactions in metabolic processes, the structures of enzymes that catabolize them, and the physiological functions of the responses have been explained in detail in scientific research conducted for many years and have become the main subjects of textbooks. However, studies on regulating these mechanisms by modifiable factors such as nutrition, physical activity, and supplement use have increased and become a focus today. Confirming the results obtained in animal model studies and randomized controlled clinical trials conducted on the subject is promising for determining future dietary strategies. In this book section, the essential components of energy metabolism are defined, the physiological mechanisms controlling these components are explained, and the role and importance of diet, one of the modifiable factors affecting energy metabolism, are discussed in light of literature findings.
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