Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Aile Aracılığıyla Öz-Belirleme Eğitimini Destekleme
Özet
Bu bölümde, bireylerin yaşamları üzerinde aktif rol üstlenmelerini sağlayan öz-belirleme kavramı, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) bağlamında ele alınmaktadır. Öz-belirleme, bireyin kendi kararlarını alma, hedef belirleme, problem çözme ve seçim yapma gibi becerileri içeren çok boyutlu bir yapıdır. OSB’li bireylerin iletişimsel ve bilişsel farklılıkları, bu becerilerin gelişimini karmaşık hale getirmekte; dolayısıyla bu bireyler için yapılandırılmış destek sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Literatürde, öz-belirleme becerilerinin erken yaşlardan itibaren desteklenmesinin, bireylerin yaşam kalitesine, bağımsızlık düzeyine ve sosyal uyumlarına anlamlı katkılar sunduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu noktada, ailelerin eğitici ve yönlendirici rolleri belirleyicidir. Ev ortamında sağlanan seçim fırsatları, karar verme süreçlerine katılım ve hedef belirlemeye yönelik faaliyetler, OSB’li bireylerin öz-belirleme becerilerini güçlendirmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, ailelere yönelik bilinçlendirme ve sistematik müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesi, öz-belirlemenin sürdürülebilir biçimde kazandırılmasına yönelik önemli bir gereklilik olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
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