Küresel Sağlık Turizminin Ekonomik Değeri
Özet
Küresel sağlık ekonomisi hacmi her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu durum, sağlık turizmi potansiyeli olan ülkeleri harekete geçirmiş ve bu konuda çalışmalar yapmalarını sağlamıştır. Sağlık turizmi yeni bir ekonomik alan yaratmış durumdadır. Bu yeni ekonomik alanın ekonomik değerinin net olarak ortaya konulması da bazı tahminlere dayalı olarak ortaya konulması konu ile ilgili çalışma ve politika yapanlara büyük bir kanıt sağlayacaktır. Bu kitap bölümü, sağlık turizmi alanı ile ilgili çalışma yapan veya paydaş olan herkese sağlık turizmi ekonomik alanının ekonomik değerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç için sağlık turizmi ekonomisi ile ilgili istatistik yayınlayan kamu ve özel kurum ve kuruluşların raporları incelenerek sektörün ekonomik değeri ortaya konulmuştur.
Referanslar
Arrow, K. J. (1965). Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care: Reply (The Implications of Transaction Costs and Adjustment Lags). The American Economic Review, 55(1/2), 154-158.
Arrow, K. J. (1978). UNCERTAINTY AND THE WELFARE ECONOMICS OF MEDICAL CARE. Içinde P. Diamond & M. Rothschild (Ed.), Uncertainty in Economics (ss. 345-375). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-214850-7.50028-0
Aydın, G., & Karamehmet, B. (2017). Factors affecting health tourism and international health-care facility choice. http://acikerisim.medipol.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12511/1218
Beladi, H., Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., & Hollas, D. (2019). Does Medical Tourism Promote Economic Growth? A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 58(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517735909
Bhattacharya, J., Hyde, T., & Tu, P. (2018). Health Economics (1. bs). Red Globe Press.
Borman, E. (2004). Health tourism. BMJ, 328(7431), 60-61. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7431.60
Brown, C., & Boyce, T. (2019). Economic and Social Impacts and Benefits of Health Systems (Organizasyon 978 92 890 5395 2). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329683/9789289053952-eng.pdf
Carrera, P. M., & Bridges, J. F. (2006). Globalization and healthcare: Understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 6(4), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.6.4.447
Çapar, H. (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedeflerinin Medikal Turizm Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi [Doktora Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Çapar, H., & Aslan, Ö. (2020). Factors Affecting Destination Choice in Medical Tourism. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 8(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.13
Dang, H.-S., Nguyen, T.-M.-T., Wang, C.-N., Day, J.-D., & Dang, T. M. H. (2020). Grey System Theory in the Study of Medical Tourism Industry and Its Economic Impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030961
Drummond, M., Stoddart, G., Labelle, R., & Cushman, R. (1987). Health economics: An introduction for clinicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107(1), 88-92. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-88
Ebrahim, A. H., & Ganguli, S. (2019). A comparative analysis of medical tourism competitiveness of India, Thailand and Singapore. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(2), 102-115.
Echevarria, C. (1997). Changes in Sectoral Composition Associated with Economic Growth. International Economic Review, 38(2), 431-452. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527382
Ertaş, M., & Yağci, K. (2020). Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Industry. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 7(2), Article 2.
Future Market Insights. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Outlook (2022-2032) [Özel]. Medical Tourism Market. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/medical-tourism-market
Global Healhcare Accreditation. (2020). How COVID-19 Guidelines Benefit Patients. https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com/gha-for-patients
Global Market Insights. (2022). Medical Tourism Market Size By Application (Cardiovascular Surgery, Cosmetic Surgery {Hair Transplant, Breast Augmentation}, Dental Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Fertility Treatment, Oncology Treatment), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Covid-19 Impact Analysis, Growth Potential, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2022—2030 (Özel Sy GMI3022). Global Market Insights. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/medical-tourism-market
Hsiao, W. (2000). What Should Macroeconomists Know About Health Care Policy-A Primer. IMF Working Papers, 00. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451855807.001
İmarc Impactful Insights. (2023). Medical Tourism Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028 (Özel SR112023A1934). İmarc Impactful Insights. https://www.imarcgroup.com/medical-tourism-market
International Labour Organization. (2022). World Employment and Social Outlook – Trends 2022 (Özel Sy 9789220356975; s. 128). ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/trends2022/lang--en/index.htm
Jiang, L., Wu, H., & Song, Y. (2022). Diversified demand for health tourism matters: From a perspective of the intra-industry trade. Social Science & Medicine, 293, 114630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114630
Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., Snyder, J., & Kingsbury, P. (2010). What is known about the effects of medical tourism in destination and departure countries? A scoping review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-9-24
Jotikasthira, N. (2010). Salient factors influencing medical tourism destination choice [DBA Thesis]. Southern Cross University.
Kim, S., Arcodia, C., & Kim, I. (2019). Critical Success Factors of Medical Tourism: The Case of South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244964
Kurçer, D., & Ci̇velek, M. (2022). The Determination of the Status of Turkey in the Medical Tourism Market in Accordance with the Demands of Health Tourists. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37847/tdtad.1030560
Labonté, R., Crooks, V. A., Valdés, A. C., Runnels, V., & Snyder, J. (2018). Government roles in regulating medical tourism: Evidence from Guatemala. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17, 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0866-1
Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., Machin, L., & King, H. (2014). The financial value associated with medical tourism. Içinde Implications for the NHS of inward and outward medical tourism: A policy and economic analysis using literature review and mixed-methods approaches. NIHR Journals Library. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK263147/
Lunt, N., Smith, R., Exworthy, M., Horsfall, D., & Mannion, R. (2011). Medical Tourism: Treatments, Markets and Health System Implications: A scoping review.
Market Research Future. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Size, Share | Industry Report, 2030. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/medical-tourism-market-1975
Market.us. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Size (USD 35.9 Bn by 2032 at 12.2% CAGR) Globally, Analysis by Market.us [Özel]. Market.us. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/medical-tourism-market-size-usd-062800399.html
McPake, B., Normand, C., Smith, S., & Nolan, A. (2020). Health Economics: An International Perspective. Routledge.
Medical Tourism Association. (2023). A Global Platform for the Healthcare Ecosystem [Dernek]. A Global Platform for the Healthcare Ecosystem. https://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/
Medical Tourism Magazine. (2021). Will Medical Tourism Survive the Coronavirus Pandemic? https://www.magazine.medicaltourism.com/article/will-medical-tourism-survive-the-coronavirus-pandemic
Mooney, G. H., & Drummond, M. F. (1982). Essentials of health economics: Part I--What is economics? British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 285(6346), 949-950.
Mwachofi, A., & Al-Assaf, A. F. (2011). Health Care Market Deviations from the Ideal Market. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 11(3), 328-337.
Naik, N., & Lal, B. S. (2013). Economic Analysis of Indian Medical Tourism (International Healthcare Destination). 5, 259-277.
Nguyen, Q. H. (2021). Impact of Investment in Tourism Infrastructure Development on Attracting International Visitors: A Nonlinear Panel ARDL Approach Using Vietnam’s Data. Economies, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030131
NHS Confederation Research. (2022). Analysis: The link between investing in health and economic growth | NHS Confederation (s. 18) [Özel]. NHS Confederation Research. https://www.nhsconfed.org/publications/analysis-link-between-investing-health-and-economic-growth
Niu, X.-T., Yang, Y.-C., & Wang, Y.-C. (2021). Does the Economic Growth Improve Public Health? A Cross-Regional Heterogeneous Study in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.704155
OECD. (2020). Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery [Özel]. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/rebuilding-tourism-for-the-future-covid-19-policy-responses-and-recovery-bced9859/
Peng, Y.-T., Saboori, B., Ranjbar, O., & Can, M. (2023). Global Perspective on Tourism-Economic Growth Nexus: The Role of Tourism Market Diversification. Tourism Planning & Development, 0(0), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2160806
Persistence Market Research. (2023). Medical Tourism Market [Özel]. Persistence Market Research. https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/market-research/medical-tourism-market.asp
Pourkhaghan, Z., Faez, S., Purkhaghan, S., & Ghahrieh, S. (2013). Interaction of economic indicators and Medical tourism industry. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 1, 133-139.
ReportLinker. (2021). Medical Tourism Market—Global Outlook & Forecast 2021-2026 (Özel Sy 6150815; s. 348). Aritzon. https://www.reportlinker.com/p06150815/Medical-Tourism-Market-Global-Outlook-Forecast.html
Research and Markets. (2023). 2023 Top 20 Medical Tourism Global Destinations: Analysis on Inbound Numbers by Country and Revenue - (Özel ID: 4662324; s. 200). Research and Markets. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230216005478/en/2023-Top-20-Medical-Tourism-Global-Destinations-Analysis-on-Inbound-Numbers-by-Country-and-Revenue---ResearchAndMarkets.com
Research Nester. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Analysis- Global Supply & Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2023-2035 (Özel Sy 4508). Research Nester. https://www.researchnester.com/reports/medical-tourism-market/4508
Researchdrive. (2019). COVID-19 Impact Analysis: Global Medical Tourism Market. https://www.researchdive.com/press-release/global-medical-tourism-market.html
Sarantopoulos, I., & Demetris, L. (2015). The Contribution of Medical Tourism to the Economic and Regional Development in Greece. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 2(2), Article 2.
Sharma, A., Srinivas, R., & Pathi, S. N. (2015). Health Tourism and Its Impact on Economy. 20(3), 89-92.
Straits Research. (2021). Global Medical Tourism Market Size, Share and Forecast to 2030 [Özel]. https://straitsresearch.com/report/medical-tourism-market
Ullah, N., Zada, S., Siddique, M. A., Hu, Y., Han, H., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Salazar-Sepúlveda, G. (2021). Driving Factors of the Health and Wellness Tourism Industry: A Sharing Economy Perspective Evidence from KPK Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313344
Zhang, W., Qin, Z., & Tang, J. (2022). Economic Benefit Analysis of Medical Tourism Industry Based on Markov Model. Journal of Mathematics, 2022, e6401796. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6401796
Zhong, L., Deng, B., Morrison, A. M., Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., & Yang, L. (2021). Medical, Health and Wellness Tourism Research—A Review of the Literature (1970–2020) and Research Agenda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010875
Referanslar
Arrow, K. J. (1965). Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care: Reply (The Implications of Transaction Costs and Adjustment Lags). The American Economic Review, 55(1/2), 154-158.
Arrow, K. J. (1978). UNCERTAINTY AND THE WELFARE ECONOMICS OF MEDICAL CARE. Içinde P. Diamond & M. Rothschild (Ed.), Uncertainty in Economics (ss. 345-375). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-214850-7.50028-0
Aydın, G., & Karamehmet, B. (2017). Factors affecting health tourism and international health-care facility choice. http://acikerisim.medipol.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12511/1218
Beladi, H., Chao, C.-C., Ee, M. S., & Hollas, D. (2019). Does Medical Tourism Promote Economic Growth? A Cross-Country Analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 58(1), 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517735909
Bhattacharya, J., Hyde, T., & Tu, P. (2018). Health Economics (1. bs). Red Globe Press.
Borman, E. (2004). Health tourism. BMJ, 328(7431), 60-61. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7431.60
Brown, C., & Boyce, T. (2019). Economic and Social Impacts and Benefits of Health Systems (Organizasyon 978 92 890 5395 2). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/329683/9789289053952-eng.pdf
Carrera, P. M., & Bridges, J. F. (2006). Globalization and healthcare: Understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 6(4), 447-454. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.6.4.447
Çapar, H. (2022). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedeflerinin Medikal Turizm Üzerindeki Etkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi [Doktora Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Çapar, H., & Aslan, Ö. (2020). Factors Affecting Destination Choice in Medical Tourism. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 8(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.13
Dang, H.-S., Nguyen, T.-M.-T., Wang, C.-N., Day, J.-D., & Dang, T. M. H. (2020). Grey System Theory in the Study of Medical Tourism Industry and Its Economic Impact. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030961
Drummond, M., Stoddart, G., Labelle, R., & Cushman, R. (1987). Health economics: An introduction for clinicians. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107(1), 88-92. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-88
Ebrahim, A. H., & Ganguli, S. (2019). A comparative analysis of medical tourism competitiveness of India, Thailand and Singapore. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(2), 102-115.
Echevarria, C. (1997). Changes in Sectoral Composition Associated with Economic Growth. International Economic Review, 38(2), 431-452. https://doi.org/10.2307/2527382
Ertaş, M., & Yağci, K. (2020). Understanding the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Industry. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 7(2), Article 2.
Future Market Insights. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Outlook (2022-2032) [Özel]. Medical Tourism Market. https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/medical-tourism-market
Global Healhcare Accreditation. (2020). How COVID-19 Guidelines Benefit Patients. https://www.globalhealthcareaccreditation.com/gha-for-patients
Global Market Insights. (2022). Medical Tourism Market Size By Application (Cardiovascular Surgery, Cosmetic Surgery {Hair Transplant, Breast Augmentation}, Dental Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery, Bariatric Surgery, Fertility Treatment, Oncology Treatment), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Covid-19 Impact Analysis, Growth Potential, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2022—2030 (Özel Sy GMI3022). Global Market Insights. https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/medical-tourism-market
Hsiao, W. (2000). What Should Macroeconomists Know About Health Care Policy-A Primer. IMF Working Papers, 00. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451855807.001
İmarc Impactful Insights. (2023). Medical Tourism Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028 (Özel SR112023A1934). İmarc Impactful Insights. https://www.imarcgroup.com/medical-tourism-market
International Labour Organization. (2022). World Employment and Social Outlook – Trends 2022 (Özel Sy 9789220356975; s. 128). ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global-reports/weso/trends2022/lang--en/index.htm
Jiang, L., Wu, H., & Song, Y. (2022). Diversified demand for health tourism matters: From a perspective of the intra-industry trade. Social Science & Medicine, 293, 114630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114630
Johnston, R., Crooks, V. A., Snyder, J., & Kingsbury, P. (2010). What is known about the effects of medical tourism in destination and departure countries? A scoping review. International Journal for Equity in Health, 9(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-9-24
Jotikasthira, N. (2010). Salient factors influencing medical tourism destination choice [DBA Thesis]. Southern Cross University.
Kim, S., Arcodia, C., & Kim, I. (2019). Critical Success Factors of Medical Tourism: The Case of South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244964
Kurçer, D., & Ci̇velek, M. (2022). The Determination of the Status of Turkey in the Medical Tourism Market in Accordance with the Demands of Health Tourists. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.37847/tdtad.1030560
Labonté, R., Crooks, V. A., Valdés, A. C., Runnels, V., & Snyder, J. (2018). Government roles in regulating medical tourism: Evidence from Guatemala. International Journal for Equity in Health, 17, 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0866-1
Lunt, N., Smith, R. D., Mannion, R., Green, S. T., Exworthy, M., Hanefeld, J., Horsfall, D., Machin, L., & King, H. (2014). The financial value associated with medical tourism. Içinde Implications for the NHS of inward and outward medical tourism: A policy and economic analysis using literature review and mixed-methods approaches. NIHR Journals Library. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK263147/
Lunt, N., Smith, R., Exworthy, M., Horsfall, D., & Mannion, R. (2011). Medical Tourism: Treatments, Markets and Health System Implications: A scoping review.
Market Research Future. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Size, Share | Industry Report, 2030. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/medical-tourism-market-1975
Market.us. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Size (USD 35.9 Bn by 2032 at 12.2% CAGR) Globally, Analysis by Market.us [Özel]. Market.us. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/medical-tourism-market-size-usd-062800399.html
McPake, B., Normand, C., Smith, S., & Nolan, A. (2020). Health Economics: An International Perspective. Routledge.
Medical Tourism Association. (2023). A Global Platform for the Healthcare Ecosystem [Dernek]. A Global Platform for the Healthcare Ecosystem. https://www.medicaltourismassociation.com/
Medical Tourism Magazine. (2021). Will Medical Tourism Survive the Coronavirus Pandemic? https://www.magazine.medicaltourism.com/article/will-medical-tourism-survive-the-coronavirus-pandemic
Mooney, G. H., & Drummond, M. F. (1982). Essentials of health economics: Part I--What is economics? British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 285(6346), 949-950.
Mwachofi, A., & Al-Assaf, A. F. (2011). Health Care Market Deviations from the Ideal Market. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 11(3), 328-337.
Naik, N., & Lal, B. S. (2013). Economic Analysis of Indian Medical Tourism (International Healthcare Destination). 5, 259-277.
Nguyen, Q. H. (2021). Impact of Investment in Tourism Infrastructure Development on Attracting International Visitors: A Nonlinear Panel ARDL Approach Using Vietnam’s Data. Economies, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030131
NHS Confederation Research. (2022). Analysis: The link between investing in health and economic growth | NHS Confederation (s. 18) [Özel]. NHS Confederation Research. https://www.nhsconfed.org/publications/analysis-link-between-investing-health-and-economic-growth
Niu, X.-T., Yang, Y.-C., & Wang, Y.-C. (2021). Does the Economic Growth Improve Public Health? A Cross-Regional Heterogeneous Study in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.704155
OECD. (2020). Rebuilding tourism for the future: COVID-19 policy responses and recovery [Özel]. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/rebuilding-tourism-for-the-future-covid-19-policy-responses-and-recovery-bced9859/
Peng, Y.-T., Saboori, B., Ranjbar, O., & Can, M. (2023). Global Perspective on Tourism-Economic Growth Nexus: The Role of Tourism Market Diversification. Tourism Planning & Development, 0(0), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2160806
Persistence Market Research. (2023). Medical Tourism Market [Özel]. Persistence Market Research. https://www.persistencemarketresearch.com/market-research/medical-tourism-market.asp
Pourkhaghan, Z., Faez, S., Purkhaghan, S., & Ghahrieh, S. (2013). Interaction of economic indicators and Medical tourism industry. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 1, 133-139.
ReportLinker. (2021). Medical Tourism Market—Global Outlook & Forecast 2021-2026 (Özel Sy 6150815; s. 348). Aritzon. https://www.reportlinker.com/p06150815/Medical-Tourism-Market-Global-Outlook-Forecast.html
Research and Markets. (2023). 2023 Top 20 Medical Tourism Global Destinations: Analysis on Inbound Numbers by Country and Revenue - (Özel ID: 4662324; s. 200). Research and Markets. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230216005478/en/2023-Top-20-Medical-Tourism-Global-Destinations-Analysis-on-Inbound-Numbers-by-Country-and-Revenue---ResearchAndMarkets.com
Research Nester. (2023). Medical Tourism Market Analysis- Global Supply & Demand Analysis & Opportunity Outlook 2023-2035 (Özel Sy 4508). Research Nester. https://www.researchnester.com/reports/medical-tourism-market/4508
Researchdrive. (2019). COVID-19 Impact Analysis: Global Medical Tourism Market. https://www.researchdive.com/press-release/global-medical-tourism-market.html
Sarantopoulos, I., & Demetris, L. (2015). The Contribution of Medical Tourism to the Economic and Regional Development in Greece. International Journal of Management and Applied Research, 2(2), Article 2.
Sharma, A., Srinivas, R., & Pathi, S. N. (2015). Health Tourism and Its Impact on Economy. 20(3), 89-92.
Straits Research. (2021). Global Medical Tourism Market Size, Share and Forecast to 2030 [Özel]. https://straitsresearch.com/report/medical-tourism-market
Ullah, N., Zada, S., Siddique, M. A., Hu, Y., Han, H., Vega-Muñoz, A., & Salazar-Sepúlveda, G. (2021). Driving Factors of the Health and Wellness Tourism Industry: A Sharing Economy Perspective Evidence from KPK Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313344
Zhang, W., Qin, Z., & Tang, J. (2022). Economic Benefit Analysis of Medical Tourism Industry Based on Markov Model. Journal of Mathematics, 2022, e6401796. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6401796
Zhong, L., Deng, B., Morrison, A. M., Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., & Yang, L. (2021). Medical, Health and Wellness Tourism Research—A Review of the Literature (1970–2020) and Research Agenda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010875
