Uç Noktalarda Limit, Süreklilik ve Türev İlişkisine Kavramsal Bir Bakış
Özet
Bu bölüm, limit, süreklilik ve türev kavramlarının uç noktalardaki davranışlarını hem kuramsal hem de öğretimsel açıdan ele almaktadır. Limitin analitik kesinliği, sürekliliğin tanım koşulları ve türevin yönlü limitlerle ilişkisi detaylı biçimde incelenmiştir. Özellikle kapalı ve yarı-açık aralıklarda tanımlı fonksiyonların uç noktalarındaki limit ve türev tanımları yığılma noktası yaklaşımıyla açıklanmıştır. Literatürde öğrencilerin bu kavramları sezgisel ve grafiksel temsiller üzerinden anlamaya çalıştıkları ancak tanımsal bütünlüğü kurmakta zorlandıkları vurgulanmaktadır. Bölümde limitin süreç ve nesne olarak algılanması arasındaki ikilik sürekliliğin limit ve fonksiyon değeriyle olan ilişkisi ve türevin fiziksel-geometrik temsilleri üzerinden kavramsal derinlik kazandırılmıştır. Ayrıca uç noktalarda türevlenebilirlik konusunun lise ve üniversite düzeyinde yeterince ele alınmadığı, bu eksikliğin kavramsal gelişimi olumsuz etkilediği belirtilmiştir. Bölüm analiz öğretiminde limit-süreklilik-türev üçlüsünün bütüncül biçimde ele alınmasının öğrenme sürecini derinleştireceğini savunmaktadır.
Referanslar
Abian, A., & Wilson, J. A. (1998). Derivatives at boundary points. Kyungpook Mathematical Journal, 38(2), 359-361. https://kmj.knu.ac.kr/journal/view.html?spage=359&volume=38&number=2
Adhikari, K. P. (2020). Difficulties and misconceptions of students in learning limit of the function. Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 5(1-2), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3126/ire.v5i1&2.34731
Amatangelo, M. L. (2013). Student understanding of limit and continuity at a point: A look into four potentially problematic conceptions. Master of Arts. Brigham Young University, Utah, USA. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3639
Apostol, T. M. (1974). Mathematical analysis (2nd Edition). Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. https://ufsj.edu.br/portal-repositorio/File/demat/PASTA-PROF/jorge/T_F_I_e_T_F_I_Apostol.pdf
Asiala, M., Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., & Schwingendorf, K. (1997). The development of students' graphical understanding of the derivative. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 16(4), 399-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-3123(97)90015-8
Bakırcı, Ç. M. (2014). Türev ve integrali gerçekten anlamak: Türev nedir? İntegral nedir?. Retrieved from the https://evrimagaci.org/s/2901
Bartle, R. G., & Sherbert, D. R. (2011). Introduction to real analysis (4th Edition). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://mashadi.staff.unri.ac.id/files/2018/10/BUKU-REAL-ANALYSIS.pdf
Better Explained [BE]. (2019). Calculus: Building intuition for the derivative. Retrieved from the https://betterexplained.com/articles/calculus-building-intuition-for-the-derivative/
Carlson, M., Jacobs, S., Coe, E., Larsen, S., & Hsu, E. (2002). Applying covariational reasoning to understand rate of change. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 33(5), 352–378. https://doi.org/10.2307/4149958
Castillo-Garsow, C., Johnson, E., & Moore, K. (2013). Chunky and smooth images of change. For the Learning of Mathematics 33(3), 31-37. New Brunswick: FLM Publishing. https://flm-journal.org/Articles/11A85FC0E320DF94C00F28F2595EAF.pdf
Dönmez, D. (2016). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan f fonksiyonunun a ve b noktalarında limiti var mıdır_?. Retrieved from the https://matkafasi.com/80081/mathbb-olan-f-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-limiti-midir?show=80081#q80081
Fabian, M. (1981). Differentiability via one sided directional derivatives. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 82(3), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.2307/2043969
Ferres-López, E., Roanes-Lozano, E., Martínez-Zarzuelo, A., & Sánchez, F. (2023). One-sided differentiability: A challenge for computer algebra systems. Electronic Research Archive, 31(3), 1737-1768. https://doi.org/10.3934/era.2023090
Feudel, F., & Biehler, R. (2021). Students’ understanding of the derivative concept in the context of mathematics for economics. Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik, 42, 273-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-020-00174-z
Fındık, S. (2019). Türev konusunun matematiksel sit kavramı çerçevesinde ekolojik analizi ve kavramsal ilişkilerinin didaktik yapılandırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. (Tez No: 553930). Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, Türkiye. https://tez.yok.gov.tr
Friedlen, D. M., & Nashed, M. Z. (1968). A note on one-sided directional derivatives. Mathematics Magazine, 41(3), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/0025570X.1968.11975863
Fuentealba, C. (2018). The understanding of the derivative concept in higher education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/100640
Galperin, E. A. (1999). Some old traditions in mathematics and in mathematical education. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 37(4-5), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-1221(99)00055-3
Ghorpade, S. R., & Limaye, B. V. (2006). A course in calculus and real analysis (2nd Edition). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.math.iitb.ac.in/~srg/acicara2/ACICARA2-PrefaceAndToC.pdf
Hunter, J. K. (2016). An introduction to real analysis. California: University of California Davis Math. https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/intro_analysis_pdf/intro_analysis.pdf
İstanbul Temel Bilimler Akademisi [İSTEMBİL]. (2015a). Mathematics-chapter 1: Limit and continuity. Retrieved from the https://istembil.com
İstanbul Temel Bilimler Akademisi [İSTEMBİL]. (2015b). Mathematics-chapter 2: Derivatives-differentation. Retrieved from the https://istembil.com
Jameson, G., Machaba, F. M., & Matabane, M. E. (2023). An exploration of grade 12 learners’ misconceptions on solving calculus problem: A case of limits. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 8(4), 94-124. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2023.34
Kertil, M. (2014). Pre-service elementary mathematics teachers' understanding of derivative through a model development unit. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation (Thesis Number 355255). Middle East of Technical University Institute of Science, Ankara, Türkiye. https://tez.yok.gov.tr
Kleiner, I. (1991). Rigor and proof in mathematics: A historical perspective. Mathematics Magazine, 64(5), 291-314. https://doi.org/10.2307/2690647
Larson, R., & Edwards, B. H. (2023). Calculus (12th Edition). Boston: Cengage. https://www.cengage.com/c/calculus-of-a-single-variable-12e-larson-edwards/9780357749142/
Mamona-Downs, J. (2001). Letting the intuitive bear on the formal: A didactical approach for the understanding of the limit of a sequence. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 48, 259-288. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3483028
Math Is Fun [MIF]. (2017). Introduction to integration: Rules of integration. Retrieved from the https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration-introduction.html
Munkres, J. R. (2000). Topology (2nd Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs. https://math.mit.edu/~hrm/palestine/munkres-topology.pdf
Nave, R. (2019). Derivatives and integrals: HyperPhysics. Retrieved from the https://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/calculus/calint.html
Oehrtman, M. (2009). Collapsing dimensions, physical limitation, and other student metaphors for limit concepts. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 40(4), 396-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.40.4.0396
Open University [OU]. (2018). Introduction to differentiation: Functions whose domains include endpoints. Retrieved from the https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/introduction-differentiation/content-section-3.4.3
OpenStax of Rice University [ORU]. (2020). Calculus: Volume-I. In E. J. Herman & G. Strang (Eds.), Houston: OpenStax. Retrieved from the https://assets.openstax.org/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/Calculus_Volume_1_-_WEB_68M1Z5W.pdf
Özkoç, M. (2016a). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan f fonksiyonunun a ve b noktalarında limiti var mıdır_?. Retrieved from the https://matkafasi.com/80081/mathbb-olan-f-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-limiti-midir?show=80081#q80081
Özkoç, M. (2016b). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan fonksiyonunun ve noktalarında türevi var mıdır_?. Retrieved from https://matkafasi.com/80092/mathbb-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-midir-ilgili-bakiniz?show=80092#q80092
Özkoç, M. (2021). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: Uç noktalardaki limit, süreklilik ve türev durumu. Retrieved from https://matkafasi.com/135543/uc-noktalardaki-limit-sureklilik-ve-turev-durumu?show=135543#q135543
Park, J. E. (2015). Erratum to: Is the derivative a function? If so, how do we teach it?. Educational Studies in Mathematics. 89, 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-015-9601-7
Rudin, W. (1976). Principles of mathematical analysis (3rd Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. https://david92jackson.neocities.org/images/Principles_of_Mathematical_Analysis-Rudin.pdf
Şahin, M. (2013). Uç noktalarda türev var mı?. Retrieved from the https://groups.google.com/g/tmoz/c/BFE-zwfji84
Sierpinska, A. (1992). On understanding the notion of function. In E. Dubinsky & G. Harel (Eds.), The concept of function: Aspects of epistemology and pedagogy (pp. 25-58). USA: Mathematical Association of America Notes & Reports. https://www.academia.edu/5091752/On_understanding_the_notion_of_function
Slavíčková, M., & Vargová, M. (2023). Differences in the comprehension of the limit concept between prospective mathematics teachers and managerial mathematicians during online teaching. In Fulantelli, G., Burgos, D., Casalino, G., Cimitile, M., Lo Bosco, G., & Taibi, D. (Eds.), Higher education learning methodologies and technologies online (pp. 168-183). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29800-4_13
Spivak, M. (2008). Calculus (3rd Edition). Cambridge Univ. Press. https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/67443/frontmatter/9780521867443_frontmatter.pdf
Stewart, J. (2016). Calculus: Early transcendentals (8th Edition). Cengage Learning. https://cengage.com
Tall, D. (1992). The transition to advanced mathematical thinking: Functions, limits, infinity, and proof. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 495-511). London: Macmillan. https://pdfcentro.com/library/a-transition-to-advanced-mathematics-4974988
Tall, D., & Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305619
Thomas, G. B., Weir, M. D., Hass, J., & Heil, C. (2014). Thomas’ calculus early transcendentals (13th Ed.). Boston: Pearson. https://rodrigopacios.github.io/mrpacios/download/Thomas_Calculus.pdf
Thompson, P. W. (1994). Students, functions, and the undergraduate curriculum. Research in Collegiate Mathematics Education I, 21-44. https://pat-thompson.net/PDFversions/1994StuFunctions.pdf
Thompson, P. W., & Carlson, M. P. (2017). Variation, covariation, and functions: Foundational ways of thinking mathematically. In J. Cai (Ed.), Compendium for research in mathematics education (pp. 421-456). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. https://pat-thompson.net/PDFversions/2016ThompsonCarlsonCovariation.pdf
Uzay, U. (2013). Uç noktalarda türev var mı?. Retrieved from the https://groups.google.com/g/tmoz/c/BFE-zwfji84
Weldeana, H. N., Sbhatu, D. B., & Berhe, G. T. (2023). Freshman STEM students’ misconceptions in a basic limit. Heliyon, 9(12), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22359
Yu, F. (2019). A student's meaning for the derivative at a point. In A. Weinberg, D. Moore-Russo, H. Soto, and M. Wawro (Eds), 22nd Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 1203–1204). Oklahoma City. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336208885_A_Student's_Meanings_for_the_Derivative_at_a_Point_Poster
Yu, F. (2020). Students' meanings for the derivative at a point. In S. S. Karunakaran, Z. Reed, and A. Higgins (Eds), 23rd Annual Conference on Research in Undergraduate Mathematics Education (pp. 672-680). Boston, MA. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345344391_Students'_Meanings_for_the_Derivative_at_a_Point
Zandieh, M. J. (2000). A theoretical framework for analyzing student understanding of the concept of derivative. In E. Dubinsky, A. Schoenfeld & J. Kaput (Eds.), Research in collegiate mathematics education: IV. Issues in mathematics education (pp. 103-127). Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290852352_A_theoretical_framework_for_analyzing_student_understanding_of_the_concept_of_derivative
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Referanslar
Abian, A., & Wilson, J. A. (1998). Derivatives at boundary points. Kyungpook Mathematical Journal, 38(2), 359-361. https://kmj.knu.ac.kr/journal/view.html?spage=359&volume=38&number=2
Adhikari, K. P. (2020). Difficulties and misconceptions of students in learning limit of the function. Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 5(1-2), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.3126/ire.v5i1&2.34731
Amatangelo, M. L. (2013). Student understanding of limit and continuity at a point: A look into four potentially problematic conceptions. Master of Arts. Brigham Young University, Utah, USA. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3639
Apostol, T. M. (1974). Mathematical analysis (2nd Edition). Boston: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc. https://ufsj.edu.br/portal-repositorio/File/demat/PASTA-PROF/jorge/T_F_I_e_T_F_I_Apostol.pdf
Asiala, M., Cottrill, J., Dubinsky, E., & Schwingendorf, K. (1997). The development of students' graphical understanding of the derivative. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 16(4), 399-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-3123(97)90015-8
Bakırcı, Ç. M. (2014). Türev ve integrali gerçekten anlamak: Türev nedir? İntegral nedir?. Retrieved from the https://evrimagaci.org/s/2901
Bartle, R. G., & Sherbert, D. R. (2011). Introduction to real analysis (4th Edition). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://mashadi.staff.unri.ac.id/files/2018/10/BUKU-REAL-ANALYSIS.pdf
Better Explained [BE]. (2019). Calculus: Building intuition for the derivative. Retrieved from the https://betterexplained.com/articles/calculus-building-intuition-for-the-derivative/
Carlson, M., Jacobs, S., Coe, E., Larsen, S., & Hsu, E. (2002). Applying covariational reasoning to understand rate of change. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 33(5), 352–378. https://doi.org/10.2307/4149958
Castillo-Garsow, C., Johnson, E., & Moore, K. (2013). Chunky and smooth images of change. For the Learning of Mathematics 33(3), 31-37. New Brunswick: FLM Publishing. https://flm-journal.org/Articles/11A85FC0E320DF94C00F28F2595EAF.pdf
Dönmez, D. (2016). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan f fonksiyonunun a ve b noktalarında limiti var mıdır_?. Retrieved from the https://matkafasi.com/80081/mathbb-olan-f-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-limiti-midir?show=80081#q80081
Fabian, M. (1981). Differentiability via one sided directional derivatives. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 82(3), 495-500. https://doi.org/10.2307/2043969
Ferres-López, E., Roanes-Lozano, E., Martínez-Zarzuelo, A., & Sánchez, F. (2023). One-sided differentiability: A challenge for computer algebra systems. Electronic Research Archive, 31(3), 1737-1768. https://doi.org/10.3934/era.2023090
Feudel, F., & Biehler, R. (2021). Students’ understanding of the derivative concept in the context of mathematics for economics. Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik, 42, 273-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-020-00174-z
Fındık, S. (2019). Türev konusunun matematiksel sit kavramı çerçevesinde ekolojik analizi ve kavramsal ilişkilerinin didaktik yapılandırılması. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. (Tez No: 553930). Anadolu Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir, Türkiye. https://tez.yok.gov.tr
Friedlen, D. M., & Nashed, M. Z. (1968). A note on one-sided directional derivatives. Mathematics Magazine, 41(3), 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/0025570X.1968.11975863
Fuentealba, C. (2018). The understanding of the derivative concept in higher education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/100640
Galperin, E. A. (1999). Some old traditions in mathematics and in mathematical education. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 37(4-5), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0898-1221(99)00055-3
Ghorpade, S. R., & Limaye, B. V. (2006). A course in calculus and real analysis (2nd Edition). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://www.math.iitb.ac.in/~srg/acicara2/ACICARA2-PrefaceAndToC.pdf
Hunter, J. K. (2016). An introduction to real analysis. California: University of California Davis Math. https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/intro_analysis_pdf/intro_analysis.pdf
İstanbul Temel Bilimler Akademisi [İSTEMBİL]. (2015a). Mathematics-chapter 1: Limit and continuity. Retrieved from the https://istembil.com
İstanbul Temel Bilimler Akademisi [İSTEMBİL]. (2015b). Mathematics-chapter 2: Derivatives-differentation. Retrieved from the https://istembil.com
Jameson, G., Machaba, F. M., & Matabane, M. E. (2023). An exploration of grade 12 learners’ misconceptions on solving calculus problem: A case of limits. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 8(4), 94-124. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2023.34
Kertil, M. (2014). Pre-service elementary mathematics teachers' understanding of derivative through a model development unit. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation (Thesis Number 355255). Middle East of Technical University Institute of Science, Ankara, Türkiye. https://tez.yok.gov.tr
Kleiner, I. (1991). Rigor and proof in mathematics: A historical perspective. Mathematics Magazine, 64(5), 291-314. https://doi.org/10.2307/2690647
Larson, R., & Edwards, B. H. (2023). Calculus (12th Edition). Boston: Cengage. https://www.cengage.com/c/calculus-of-a-single-variable-12e-larson-edwards/9780357749142/
Mamona-Downs, J. (2001). Letting the intuitive bear on the formal: A didactical approach for the understanding of the limit of a sequence. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 48, 259-288. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3483028
Math Is Fun [MIF]. (2017). Introduction to integration: Rules of integration. Retrieved from the https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration-introduction.html
Munkres, J. R. (2000). Topology (2nd Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs. https://math.mit.edu/~hrm/palestine/munkres-topology.pdf
Nave, R. (2019). Derivatives and integrals: HyperPhysics. Retrieved from the https://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/calculus/calint.html
Oehrtman, M. (2009). Collapsing dimensions, physical limitation, and other student metaphors for limit concepts. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 40(4), 396-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.40.4.0396
Open University [OU]. (2018). Introduction to differentiation: Functions whose domains include endpoints. Retrieved from the https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/introduction-differentiation/content-section-3.4.3
OpenStax of Rice University [ORU]. (2020). Calculus: Volume-I. In E. J. Herman & G. Strang (Eds.), Houston: OpenStax. Retrieved from the https://assets.openstax.org/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/Calculus_Volume_1_-_WEB_68M1Z5W.pdf
Özkoç, M. (2016a). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan f fonksiyonunun a ve b noktalarında limiti var mıdır_?. Retrieved from the https://matkafasi.com/80081/mathbb-olan-f-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-limiti-midir?show=80081#q80081
Özkoç, M. (2016b). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: olan fonksiyonunun ve noktalarında türevi var mıdır_?. Retrieved from https://matkafasi.com/80092/mathbb-fonksiyonunun-noktalarinda-midir-ilgili-bakiniz?show=80092#q80092
Özkoç, M. (2021). Matematik kafası-ilgili sorular: Uç noktalardaki limit, süreklilik ve türev durumu. Retrieved from https://matkafasi.com/135543/uc-noktalardaki-limit-sureklilik-ve-turev-durumu?show=135543#q135543
Park, J. E. (2015). Erratum to: Is the derivative a function? If so, how do we teach it?. Educational Studies in Mathematics. 89, 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-015-9601-7
Rudin, W. (1976). Principles of mathematical analysis (3rd Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill. https://david92jackson.neocities.org/images/Principles_of_Mathematical_Analysis-Rudin.pdf
Şahin, M. (2013). Uç noktalarda türev var mı?. Retrieved from the https://groups.google.com/g/tmoz/c/BFE-zwfji84
Sierpinska, A. (1992). On understanding the notion of function. In E. Dubinsky & G. Harel (Eds.), The concept of function: Aspects of epistemology and pedagogy (pp. 25-58). USA: Mathematical Association of America Notes & Reports. https://www.academia.edu/5091752/On_understanding_the_notion_of_function
Slavíčková, M., & Vargová, M. (2023). Differences in the comprehension of the limit concept between prospective mathematics teachers and managerial mathematicians during online teaching. In Fulantelli, G., Burgos, D., Casalino, G., Cimitile, M., Lo Bosco, G., & Taibi, D. (Eds.), Higher education learning methodologies and technologies online (pp. 168-183). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29800-4_13
Spivak, M. (2008). Calculus (3rd Edition). Cambridge Univ. Press. https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/67443/frontmatter/9780521867443_frontmatter.pdf
Stewart, J. (2016). Calculus: Early transcendentals (8th Edition). Cengage Learning. https://cengage.com
Tall, D. (1992). The transition to advanced mathematical thinking: Functions, limits, infinity, and proof. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 495-511). London: Macmillan. https://pdfcentro.com/library/a-transition-to-advanced-mathematics-4974988
Tall, D., & Vinner, S. (1981). Concept image and concept definition in mathematics with particular reference to limits and continuity. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 12, 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305619
Thomas, G. B., Weir, M. D., Hass, J., & Heil, C. (2014). Thomas’ calculus early transcendentals (13th Ed.). Boston: Pearson. https://rodrigopacios.github.io/mrpacios/download/Thomas_Calculus.pdf
Thompson, P. W. (1994). Students, functions, and the undergraduate curriculum. Research in Collegiate Mathematics Education I, 21-44. https://pat-thompson.net/PDFversions/1994StuFunctions.pdf
Thompson, P. W., & Carlson, M. P. (2017). Variation, covariation, and functions: Foundational ways of thinking mathematically. In J. Cai (Ed.), Compendium for research in mathematics education (pp. 421-456). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. https://pat-thompson.net/PDFversions/2016ThompsonCarlsonCovariation.pdf
Uzay, U. (2013). Uç noktalarda türev var mı?. Retrieved from the https://groups.google.com/g/tmoz/c/BFE-zwfji84
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