Çalışma Hayatında Ergonomi
Özet
Ergonomi, insanın çalışma, yaşam ve üretim ortamlarını daha güvenli, sağlıklı ve verimli hale getirmeyi hedefleyen multidisipliner bir bilim dalıdır. Fiziksel, bilişsel ve örgütsel boyutlarıyla ergonomi, insan-makine-çevre etkileşimlerini optimize ederek iş süreçlerinde uyumu artırır. Bu yaklaşım, kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarını, iş kazalarını, tükenmişlik ve stres gibi psikososyal riskleri önlemede kritik bir rol oynar. Tarihsel gelişimi 19. yüzyıldan itibaren sistematikleşen ergonomi, günümüzde dijital, çevresel, duygusal ve nöroergonomi gibi yeni alt alanlarla genişlemiş ve iş yaşamının değişen koşullarına uyum sağlamıştır. Çalışma hayatında ergonominin etkisi yalnızca fiziksel konforun ötesinde; motivasyon, iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık ve çalışan refahını artırmayı da kapsamaktadır. Psikososyal risklerin azaltılması, sürdürülebilir üretim, insan faktörleri ve endüstri/örgüt psikolojisi ile entegrasyon ergonominin güncel uygulama alanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir üretim anlayışı, insan faktörünün merkezi rolünü vurgulamakta ve ergonomiyi endüstri/örgüt psikolojisi ile entegre bir disiplin haline getirmektedir. Çalışanların psikolojik ve fizyolojik gereksinimlerini dikkate alan ergonomik uygulamalar, iş performansını, yenilikçiliği ve üretkenliği desteklemektedir. Bu bağlamda ergonomi, günümüz iş dünyasında hem birey hem de kurum düzeyinde sağlıklı, güvenli ve sürdürülebilir bir çalışma kültürünün inşasında vazgeçilmez bir konuma sahiptir.
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