Örgütlerde Çeşitlilik Kavramı ve Çeşitliliğin Yönetimi

Yazarlar

Özet

Bugün örgütlerin yaşadığı pek çok gerçeklik arasında farklı yaş gruplarından, cinsiyetlerden, etnik kökenden, cinsel yönelimden, medeni durumdan ve sosyo-ekonomik gruptan çalışanların bir arada bulunması ve bu çeşitliliğin etkin bir şekilde yönetilmesi zorunluluğu da bulunmaktadır. Çalışanlarının farklılıklarının bilincinde olan, bu farklılıkları örgütün başarısında itici bir güç olarak gören, kapsayıcı insan kaynakları uygulamalarını örgütün stratejik hedeflerine ulaşmasında önemli bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendiren örgütler, bugünün başarılı örgütleridir. Bu bölümde, örgütlerde çeşitlilik, çeşitliliğin boyutları, çeşitlilik ile ilgili kuramlar, kapsayıcı uygulamaların tasarımı ve etkin çeşitlilik yönetiminin hem örgütler hem de çalışanlar için faydaları ele alınmaktadır.

Referanslar

Arıkan, S. (2018). Destekli İstihdam Kavramı. S. Arıkan ve E. Ayyıldız (Ed.), Engelli Bireylerin Destekli İstihdamı içinde (s. 137-172). Akademik Kitaplar

Adams, R. B. ve Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of finance economics, 94(2), 291-309.

Adler, N. J. (1980). Cultural synergy: The management of cross-cultural organizations. W. W. Burke ve L. D. Goodstein (Ed.), Trends and issues in organizational development: Current theory and practice içinde (s. 3-19). University Associates.

Adler, N. J. (1983). Domestic multiculturalism: Cross-cultural management in the public sector. W. Eddy (Ed.), Handbook on public organization management içinde (s. 181-196). New York: Marcel-Dekker.

Adler, N. J. (2002). International dimensions of organizational behavior. OH: Southwestern College Publishing.

Adnan, M. F., Sabli, N. ve Abdullah, A. (2013). Relationship between board gender diversity and firm performance: evidence from Malaysian firms. Gading Journal for Social Sciences, 17(2), 21-40.

Agars, M. D. ve Kottke, J. L. (2004). Models and Practice of Diversity Management: A Historical Review and Presentation of a New Integration Theory. M. S. Stockdale ve F. J. Crosby (Ed.), The Psychology and Management of Workplace Diversity içinde (s. 55-77). USA: Blackwell Publishing.

Akdoğan,N. ve Dersuneli, Y. (2022). Kendini Sınıflandırma Kuramı. M.M. Karabulut (Ed.), Sosyal Psikoloji Kuramları-III içinde (s. 171-189). Nobel Yayınevi.

Akman, T. (2021). Hemşirelerin Farklılık Yönetimi Algısının Örgütsel Mutluluk Düzeyleri Üzerine Etkisi [Yayımlanmış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi.

Aksu, N. (2008). Örgüt kültürü bağlamında farklılıkların yönetimi ve bir ugulama. [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.

Allen, R. ve Montgomery, K.A. ( 2001). Applying and Organizational Approach to Creating Diversity. Organizational Dynamics. 30(2),149-161, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(01)00049-3

Anand, R., Winters, M.-F. (2008). A retrospective view of corporate diversity training from 1964 to the present. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(3), 356–372.

Aquino, C.T., Robertson, W.R. (2016). Online education and diversity scholarship: The center for workplace diversity research. Digital Universities: International best practices and Applications, 3(1).36-46.

Aquino, C. T. E. de. (2018). D&I Framework: Diagnostics, Gap Analysis, and Action Plan. C. T. E. de Aquino ve R. W. Robertson (Ed.), Diversity and Inclusion in the Global Workplace: Aligning Initiatives with Strategic Business Goals içinde (s. 201–216). Springer.

Aytemiz S. O. ve Bolat, T. (2005). Örgütlerde bedensel ve zihinsel engelli işgören ayrımcılığı: uygulamalı etik boyutuyla bir değerlendirme. Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(23), 35-45.

Birleşmiş Milletler. (1965). Her Türlü Irk Ayrımcılığının Tasfiye Edilmesine Dair Uluslararası Sözleşme, Madde 1. Birleşmiş Milletler. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-convention-elimination-all-forms-racial

Barak, M. E. (2000). The inclusive workplace: An ecosystems approach to diversity management. Social Work, 45, 339–353. doi:10.1093/sw/45.4.339

Barak, M. E., Cherin, D. A. ve Berkman, S. (1998). Organizational and personal dimensions in diversity climate: Ethnic and gender differences in employee perceptions. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 34, 82–104. doi:10.1177/0021886398341006

Barak, M. E. (2005). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

Barak, M. E. (2013). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace (3. basım). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Barak, M. (2014). Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. London: Sage.

Banaji, M. R. ve Greenwald, A. G. (2013). Blindspot: Hidden bias of good people. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.

Bashir, M., Hameed, A., Bari, M. W. ve Ullah, R. (2021) The Impact of Age-Diverse Workforce on Organization Performance: Mediating Role of Job Crafting. SAGE Open, 11(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244021999058

Başar, K. (2013). Cinsel Eğitim Tedavi ve Araştırma Derneği Bilgilendirme Dosyası. https://www.cetad.org.tr/CetadData/Books/52/bilgi lendirme-dosyasi-10-escinselllik.pdf.

Başar, K., Yüksel, Ş. (2014). Çocukluktan yetişkinliğe cinsiyet kimliği ile ilgili sorunlar: uygun değerlendirme ve izlem. Cinsel İşlev Bozuklukları, 4(4), 389-404.

Baumann, G. (2006). Çok kültürlülük bilmecesi: Ulusal, etnik ve dinsel kimlikleri yeniden düşünmek (İ. Demirakın, Çev.). Dost Kitabevi Yayınları. (Orijinal eser 1999’da yayımlandı)

Belek, İ. (2018). Esnek Üretim Derin Sömürü. Yazılama Yayınevi.

Budak, G. (2008). Yetkinliğe dayalı insan kaynakları yönetimi. İzmir: Barış Yayınları.

Byrd, M. ve Scott, C. (2014). Diversity in the workplace: Current issues and emerging trends. London: Routledge.

Bostancı, N. M. (2003), Etnisite, Modernizm ve Milliyetçilik, Türkiye Günlüğü, 75, 6-16

Buunk, B. P., Collins, R. L., Taylor, S. E., Van Yperen, N. W. ve Dakof, G. A. (1990). The affective consequences of social comparison: Either direction has its ups and downs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1238-1249.

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1238

Carnevale, A. P. ve Stone, S. C. (1995). The American mosaic: An in-depth report on the future of diversity at work. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Choi, S. ve Rainey, H. G. (2010). Managing diversity in U.S. federal agencies: Effects of diversity and diversity management on employee perceptions of organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 70, 109–121. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02115.x

Chu, S., Oldford, E. ve Wang, J. (2023). Corporate Social Responsibility and corporate fraud in China: The perspective of moderating effect of board gender diversity . International Review of Economics & Finance, 88(2).

Chung, Y. B.(2001). Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counseling lesbian, gay, and biseırual clients. The Career Development Quarterly, 50, 33-44.

Clements, P. E. ve Jones, J. (2008). The diversity training handbook: A practical guide to understanding & changing attitudes. London: Kogan Page.

Cox, T. H. ve Blake, S.(1991). Managing Cultural diversity: implications for organizational competitiveness. The Executive, 5(3), 45-56.

Cox, T.H. (1994) Cultural Diversity in Organizations: Theory, Research and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler

Çakar, H. (2029) Farklılıkların Yönetimi Algısı ve Çalışan Sesi: Türkiye’deki Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi.

Çoksan, S. (2021). Sosyal Temas Kuramı. M.B.Bulut(Ed.), Sosyal Psikoloji Kuramları -I içinde (s. 19-59). Nobel Yayınevi

Demirel, E., Tikici, M. ve Çetin, C. (2011). Türk İş Yaşamında Ayrımcılık. Nobel Yayıncılık.

D'Netto, B., Shen, J., Chelliah, J., Monga, M. (2014). Human Resource Diversity Management Practices in The Australian Manufacturing Sector. The International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 25(9), 1243-1266.

Doğan, E. T. (2012, Kasım–Aralık). Bir sosyal politika meselesi olarak LGBT bireylerin çalışma yaşamında karşılaştığı ayrımcı pratikler. Kaos GL, 127, 13–15.

Doherty, L. (2004), Work-life balance initiatives: implications for women. Employee Relations, 26(4), 433-452.

Dreachslin, J. L., Weech T. Maldonado, R., ve Dansky, K. H. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity and organizational behavior: A focused research agenda for health services management. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 961-971.

Drescher, J. ve Byne, W. M. (2009). Homosexuality, gay and lesbian identities, and homosexual behavior. In P. J. Sadock, V. A. Sadock ve P. Ruiz (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (11th ed., Vol. II, pp. 2060–2070). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Drucker P. (2000). Different Rainbows, Millivres-Prowler Group Ltd.

Elizabeth, M., ve Margaret, A. N. (2005). What differences make a difference? The promise and the reality of diverse teams in organizations. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6(2), 31-55.

European Network Against Racism (ENAR). (2016). Equal at work: Tackling inequality and discrimination in the workplace [PDF]. ENAR. https://www.diversiteeurope.eu/sites/default/files/equalatwork_2016_lr.pdf

Ergül, H.F. (2006). Kurumlarda ücret sistemleri ve ücret başarı ilişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(18), 92-105.

Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D., ve Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate governance. An international review, 11(2), 102-111.

Esty, K, Griffin, R. ve Hirsch, M.S. (1995). A manager’s guide to solving problems and turning diversity into a competitive advantage. Workplace diversity. Mass Adams Yayınevi.

Festinger, L..(1954). A Theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2) , 117-140.

Fone B. (2001). Homophobia: A History, St Martins Press.

Foster, C., (2005). Implementing Diversity Management in Retailing: Exploring The Role of Organisational Context. The International Review Of Retail, Distribution And Consumer Research, 15(4), 471-487.

Gardenswartz, L. ve Rowe, A. (1993). Managing diversity: A complete desk reference and planning guide. McGrraw Hill.

Gardenswartz, L. ve Rowe, A. (1994). The Managing diversity survival guide: A complete collection of checklists, activities, and tips. Irwin Professional Pub.

Gebert, D., Boerner, S., Kearney, E., King Jr., J. Zhang, K., ve Song, L. (2014). Expressing religious identities in the workplace: Analyzing a neglected diversity dimension. Human Relations, 67(5), 543–63.

Gider, İ.H. (2016). İşletmelerin farklılık yönetimi anlayışı ile örgütsel bağlılık tutumları arasındaki ilişki, [Yayımlanmış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi.

Glover, J. ve Kirton, G. (2006. Women, Employment and Organizations. Routledge.

Greeley, A. M. (1971). Why Can’t They be Like Us? America’s White Ethnic Groups. E:P.Dutton.

Green, R. (2009). Gender Identity Disorders, P.J. Sadock, V.A. Sadock, P.Ruiz (Ed) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry içinde (s.2099-3015). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,

Grund, C.ve Westergaard-Nielsen, N. (2008). Age structure of the workforce and firm performance. International Journal of Manpower, 29(5), 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720810888553.

Guillaume, Y., Dawson, J.F., Priola, C.V., Sacramento, C. (2014). Managing diversity in organizations: An integrative model and agenda for future research. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(5), 783–802.

Hakim, C. (1979). Occupational Segregation. Department of employment, London.

Haider, M. (2011). Risiko Behinderung? N. Pauser ve M. Wondrak (Ed.), Praxisbuch Diversity Management içinde (s. 143–159). Springer.

Harrison, D., Kenetth,P. ve Myrtle Bell. (1998). “Beyond relational demography: time and the effects of surface and deep level diversity on work group cohesion”, Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 97-98.

Herek,G.M. (1986) The social psychology of homophobia: toward a practical theory. Review of Law and Social Change, 14, 923-934.

Hitlan, R. T., Cliffton, R. J. ve DeSoto, M. C. (2006). Perceived exclusion in the workplace: The moderating effects of gender on work-related attitudes and psychological health. North American Journal of Psychology, 8, 217–235.

Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values Sage.

Hogg, M.A. ve Abrams, D. (1998). A Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations and Group Processes.Routledge.

Hubbard, E. E. (2004). Diversity management. HRD Press.

Ilmakunnas, P. ve Ilmakunnas, S. (2011). Diversity at the workplace: Whom does it benefit? Economist, 159(2), 223–255.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10645-011-9161-x.

Insch, G. S., McIntyre, N. ve Napier, N. K. (2008). The expatriate glass ceiling: The second layer of glass. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 19–28. doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9649-0.

Jackson, S. E (1992). Stepping into the future: Guidelines for action. S. Jackson (Ed.) Diversityin the workplace: Human resources initiatives içinde (s.319-339). Guilford Press.

Jackson, S.E., Joshi, A.ve Erhardt, N.L. (2003) Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT Analysis and implications. Journal of Management, 29, 801-830.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00080-1

Joecks, J., Pull, K. ve Vetter, K. (2013). Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance: What exactly constitutes a ''critical mass?''. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(1), 61-72.

Joshi, A. ve Roh, H. (2009). The role of context in work team diversity research: A meta-analytic review. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 599–627.

Julizaerma, M. K. ve Sori, Z. M. (2012). Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm performance of Malaysian public listed companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1077-1085.

Kalev, A. (2009). Cracking the glass cages? Restructuring and ascriptive inequality at work. American Journal of Sociology, 114, 1591–1643. doi:10.1086/597175

Kamenou, N. (2008), “Reconsidering work-life balance debates: challenging limited understandings of the ‘life’ component in the context of ethnic minority women’s experiences”, British Journal of Management, 19(1), 99-109.

Kanter, R. M. (1992). Power failure in management circuits. J. M. Shafritz ve J. S. Ott (Ed.), Classics of organization theory içinde (s 534-560). Brooks/Cole.

Kaşdarma, E. (2021). Sosyal Karşılaştırma Kuramı. M.B. Bulut (Ed.) Sosyal Psikoloji Kuramları-I içinde (s. 59-75). Nobel Yayınevi.

Kelly, E. ve Dobbin, F. (1998). How affirmative action became diversity management. The American Behavioral Scientist, 41(7),960–984.

Kompa, K. ve Witkowska, D. (2018). Gender diversity in the boardrooms of public companies in Poland: Changes and implications. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 14(1), 79-92.

KONDA Araştırma Şirketi. (2018). Türkiye 100 kişi olsaydı [Araştırma raporu]. https://konda.com.tr/rapor/56/turkiye-100-kisi-olsaydi

Kossek, E. E. ve Lobel S. A. (1996). Managing diversity: Human resource strategies for transforming the workplace. Blackwell.

Kossek, E. E.,ve Zonia, S. C. (1993). Assessing diversity climate: A field study of reactions to employer efforts to promote diversity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 61–81. doi:10.1002/job.4030140107

Kossek, E., Lewis, S. ve Hammer, L. (2010). Work family initiatives and organizational change:mixed messages in moving from the margins to the mainstream. Human Relations, 61(3), 3-19.

Kratz, J. (2024, Mayıs 15). How does personality interact with diversity? Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/juliekratz/2024/05/15/personality-counts-as-diversity/

Kurubaş, E. (2008). Etnik sorunlar: Ulus-Devlet ve etnik gruplar arasındaki varoluşsal ilişki. Doğu Batı, 11(44), 13-28.

Çancı, H. (2008). Değişmeyen boyutları bağlamında milliyetçiliğe teorik ve kavramsal bir bakış. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 13(2), 108-120.

Lambert, J. ve Myers, S. (2009). The diversity training activity book: 50 activities for promoting communication and understanding at work. American Management Association.

Liu, Y., Wei, Z. ve Xie, F. (2014). Do women directors improve firm performance in China ? Journal of Corporate Finance, 28, 169-184.

Locke, K.D. ve Nekich, J.C. (2000) Agency and communion in naturalistic social comparison. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 864-874. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200269011

Low, D. C., Roberts, H. ve Whiting, R. H. (2015). Board gender diversity and firm performance: Empirical evidence from Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 35, 381-401.

Mannix E., Neale M. A. (2005). What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6(2), 31-55.

Matug, M.A.B. (2021). Yetenek yönetimi ve farklılıkların yönetimi ile iç girişimcilik ve yenilik arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir araştırma [Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi ]. Kastamonu Üniversitesi.

McKinsey & Company. (2024). Women in the workplace 2024 [Rapor]. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/women-in-the-workplace

McLuhan, M. (2001). Global Köy. Scala Yayıncılık

Memduhoğlu, H.B. (2008). Örgütsel sosyalleşme ve Türk eğitim sisteminde örgütsel sosyalleşme sureci. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 137-153.

Michielsens, E., Bingham, C. ve Clarke, L. (2013). Managing diversity through flexible work arrangements: Management perspectives. Employee Relations, 36(1), 49-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2012-0048

Mirza, H. H., Andeleeb, S. ve Ramzan, F. (2012). Gender diversity and firm performance: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Socal and development Sciences, 3(5), 161-166.

Mohsni, S., Otchere, I. ve Shahriar, S. (2021). Board gender diversity, firm performance and risk-taking in developing countries: The moderating effect of culture. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 73, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2021.101360

Milliken, F. J. ve Martins, L. L. (1996). Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 2, 402–433.

Musson, G. ve Tietze, S. (2009), “International perspectives on flexibility: overview and Introduction. British Journal of Management, 20(1). 132-135.

Neighbors, C. (1999). The construct of sexual orientation in ordinary language [Yayımlanmamış Doktora tezi], University of Nevada. PhilArchive. https://philarchive.org/rec/NEITCO-4

Nicolaides, A. (2017). Managing diversity through triple- loop learning: A call for paradigm shift. Human Resources Development Review. 16 (1), 85-99. http://10.1177/1534484317690053.

Northcraft, G., Polzer, J., Neale, M., ve Kramer, R. (1995). Diversity, social identity, and performance: Emergent social dynamics in cross-functional teams. S. E. Jackson ve M. Ruderman (Ed.), Diversity in work teams:Research paradigms for a changing workplace içinde (s.69–96) . American Psychological Association.

Özbilgin, M., ve Tatli, A. (2008). Global diversity management: An evidence based approach. Palgrave Macmillan.

Özcan, H. (2020) İşletmelerin Farklılık Yönetimi Yaklaşımlarının Kurumsal İletişim Bağlamında İncelenmesi: Bir Uygulama Örneği [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi.

Ôztürk, M. B. (2011). Sexual orientation discrimination: Exploring the experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual employees in Turkey. Human Relations, 64(8), 1099-1118.

Öztürk, O. ve Uluşahin, A. (2023). Ruh Sağlığı ve Bozuklukları. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.

Parthasarathy, N., Doboli, S. ve Paulus, P. B. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Encyclopedia of Creativity, 461–467. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375038-9.00091-1.

Pelled, L. H. (1996). Demographic diversity, conflict, and work group outcomes: An intervening process theory. Organization Science, 7, 615-631.

Perryman, A. A., Fernando, G. D. veTripathy, A. (2016). Do gender differences persist? An examination of gender diversity on firm performance, risk, and executive compensation. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 579-586.

Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U. ve Christ, O. (2011). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. International journal of intercultural relations, 35(3), 271-280.

Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean?. American psychologist, 51(9), 918.

Poppe, E. ve Linssen, H. (1999). In-Group Favoritism and the Reflection of Realistic Dimensions of Difference between National States in Central and Eastern European Nationality Stereotypes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 1, (85-102). https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164059.

Powell, G. (1998). Reinforcing and extending today’s organizations: The simultaneous pursuit of person-organization fit and diversity. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(98)90014-6

Rasmussen, T. (2007a). Diversity mosaic: The complete resource for establishing a successful diversity initiative. CA: Pfeiffer.

Rasmussen, T. (2007b). Diversity mosaic participant workbook: Leading diversity. CA: Pfeiffer.

Rasmussen, T. (2007c). Diversity mosaic participant workbook: Developing cultural

Competence. CA:Pfeiffer.

Rasmussen, T. (1996). American Society for Training and Development, The ASTD trainer’s sourcebook, McGraw-Hill.

Ries B. C., Diestel S., Shemla M., Liebermann S. C., Jungmann F., Wegge J., Schmidt K.-H. (2013). Age diversity and team effectiveness. In Schlick C., Frieling E., Wegge J. (Ed.), Age-differentiated work systems (s.89–118). Springer.

Roberson, Q. M. (2006). Disentangling the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizations. Group & Organization Management, 31, 212–236. doi:10.1177/1059601104273064

Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. (2014). Organizational Behavior. Pearson.

Roosevelt, T. (2010). World class diversity management. A Strategic Approach. Berrett-Koehler.

Salamon, F. M. ve Schork, M. J. (2003). Turn diversity to your advantage. Research-Technology Management, 46, 37-44.

Saruhan. E( 2024). Farklılık yönetimi algısının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde tükenmişliğin aracı rolü: Sağlık sektöründe bir araştırma. [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Üniversitesi.

Sedikides, C. ve Strube, M. (1995). The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1330-1335.

Sedikides, C. (1999). A multiplicity of motives: The case of self-improvement. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 64-65.

Seyyar, A. (2009). Özürlü dostu aktif istihdam politikaları. Öz-Veri Dergisi, 6(1), 10-15

Shehata, N., Salhin, A., ve El-Helaly, M. (2017). Board diversity and firm performance: evidence from the UK SMEs. Applied Economics, 49(48), 4817-4832.

Sherif, M., Harvey, 0. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R. ve Sherif, C. (1961). Intergroup cooperation and competition: The Robbers Cave experiment. University Book Exchange.

Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H. ve Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of Management, 37, 1262–1289. http://10.1177/0149206310385943

Schofield, J. W. (1979). The impact of positively structured contact on intergroup behavior: Does it last under adverse conditions? Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 280-284.

Simns, T., Pelled, L. H. ve Ken, A. Smith. (1999). “Making use of difference: Diversity, debate, and decision comprehensiveness in top management teams”, Academy of Management Journal, 42(6), 662–673.

Mahfoudh, S., Abdallah,T. ve Hama Murad Al Gaf, E.I.,(2014). The moderating effect of gender diversity on the relationship between corporate governance and company performance: Findings from the Tunisian exchange. Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(7), 1-16.

Smith, N., Smith, V. ve Verner, M. (2006). Do women in top management affect firm performance? A panel study of 2,500 Danish firms. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 55(7), 569-593.

Solakoğlu, M.,Solakoğlu, M.(2024). Cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisi. Ünye İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 1-19.

Sonnenschein, W. (1999). The diversity toolkit: How you can build and benefit from a diverse workforce. McGraw-Hill.

Spencer, C. (1996). Homosexuality in History. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Stuber, M. (2012). Implementation Checklist for Diversity Management: Support for Voluntary Initiatives Promoting Diversity Management at the Workplace Across the EU. European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/files/checklist_diversitymanagement_en.pdf.

Sürvegil, O. ve Budak, G. (2008). İşletmelerin farklılıkların yönetimi anlayışına yaklaşım tarzlarının saptanmasına yönelik bir araştırma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(4), 65–91.

Swann, W.B, Jr. (2012). Öz doğrulama teorisi. P.V. Lange, A.W. Kruglanski ve E.T. Higgins (Ed.), Sosyal psikoloji teorileri el kitabı içinde (s.23–42). Sage Publications Ltd.

Şahin, D.S. ve Sütlü, S.P. (2022). Disadvanteged Groups: A Social Policy Perspective. Eğitim Yayınevi.

Taner, D.(2020). Sağlık kurumlarında Örgüt Kültürü Tiplerinin Farklılık Yönetimi Algısına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma (Hatay İlçeleri Örneği). Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(4). 23-42.

Taylor, S. E., Neter, E., ve Wayment, H. A. (1995). Self-evaluation processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(12), 1278–1287. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952112005

Thomas, D. ve Ely, R. (1996). Making differences matter: A new paradigm for managing diversity Harvard Business Review, 74(5), 79-90.

Thomas, R. R. (1990). From affirmative action to affirming diversity. Harvard Business Review, 68(2), 107–117.

Topal, S. (2022). Farklılıkların yönetiminin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde özdeşleşmenin aracı rolü: Hatay ilinde bir araştırma. [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi)] Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi.

Turner, J.C. ve Oakes, P.J. (1997) The socially structured mind. C. McGarty ve S.A. Haslam (Ed.) The Message of Social Psychology içinde (s.355–373). Blackwell.

Turner ve Reynolds, 2010, The Story of Social Identity. T Postmes ve N.Branscombe (Ed) , Rediscovering Social Identity: Core Sources içinde (s.13-32 ).Psychology Press.

Twenge, J. M. (2010). A review of the empirical evidence on generational differences in work attitudes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 201-210.

Twenge, J. M., ve Campbell, S. M. (2012). Who are the Millennials? Empirical evidence for generational differences in work values, attitudes and personality. E. Ng ve S.T. Lyons (Ed) Managing the new workforce: International Perspective on the Millenial Generation içinde (s.1-19). Edward Elgar Publishing

Waldman, E. (2021, 31 Ağustos). How to Manage a Multi Generational Team ? Harward Business Review https://hbr.org/2021/08/how-to-manage-a-multi-generational-team

Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy. Wiley-Blackwell.

Wegge J., Jungmann F., Liebermann S., Shemla M., Ries B. C., Diestel S., Schmidt K.-H. (2012). What makes age-diverse teams effective? Results from a six-year research program. Work, 41(1), 5145–5151.

Weaver, P., Wilborn, L., McCleary, K., Lekagul, A. (2003). Diversity training management initiatives in the lodging industry: An exploratory analysis of underlying dimensions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(2), 237-253.

Wheeler, L.ve Miyake, K. (1992). Social comparison in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(5), 760–773. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.62.5.760

Whetten, D. A. ve Cameron, K. S. (1998). Developing management skills. Addison Wesley.

Williams, K. Y. ve O'Reilly, C. A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. In L. L. Cummings ve B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior içinde (77- 140). CT: JAI Press

Wise, L. R.ve Tschirhart, M. (2000). Examining empirical evidence on diversity effects: How useful is diversity research for public sector managers?. Public Administration Review, 60(5), 386-395.

Wood, G. (2008). Gender stereotypical attitudes: Past, present and future influences on women’s career development. Equal Opportunities International, 27, 613–628.

Woodhams, C. ve Corby, S. (2007). Then and now: disability legislation and employers practices in the UK, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 45(3), 556-580.

Van Knippenberg D., van Ginkel W. P., Homan A. C. (2013). Diversity mindsets and the performance of diverse teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121(2), 183–193.

Yabanova, E., Öztürk, M. (2022), Türkiye’de Çalışma Hayatında Kuşakların Analizi. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimlerde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, 6(2), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiasos.2022.458.7

Yamashita, H. (1998). Similarites and differenced between Japanese and US cultures. Routledge.

Sağlam, M. Ve Yaratılmış, Z.Ş. (2023). Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin oluşumunda farklılıkların yönetimi ve örgüt kültürünün rolünün araştırılması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 8(2), 656-670.

Yavuz, E., ve Uzun, A. (2019). Türkiye’de 2000-2018 yılları arasında cam tavan kavramı ile ilgili çalışmaların incelenmesi ve yorumlanması. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(16), 697-718.

Yeşil, S. (2009). Kültürel farklılıkların yönetimi ve alternatif bir strateji: Kültürel Zekâ. KMU İİBF Dergisi, 16,100-131.

Yılmazer, A. (2013). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi ve Örnek Olaylar. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96–102. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.65.1.96

İndir

Yayınlanan

13 Kasım 2025

Lisans

Lisans