Çalışma Hayatında Motivasyon ve Motivasyon Kuramları
Özet
İş yaşamında çalışan motivasyonu iş yerleri ve çalışanlar için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle motivasyon kavramı farklı yazarlar tarafından sıklıkla ve farklı şekillerde kavramsallaştırılarak incelenmeye devam etmektedir. Motivasyon kavramını açıklarken, alan yazında kapsam (içerik) ve süreç (bilişsel) kuramları sınıflamasının yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. İçerik kuramları insanların gereksinim duydukları ihtiyaçları belirlemeye ve bu ihtiyaçların karşılanması için izlenilen hedefleri tespit etmeye odaklanmaktadır. Süreç kuramları ise söz konusu davranışların ne şekilde başladığını ve devam ettiğini inceleyerek motivasyonun ortaya çıkmasına yardımcı olan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu bölümde kapsam ve süreç kuramları ele alınarak iş yaşamından varsayımsal örneklerle motivasyon kavramına ilişkin bilgilerin okuyucuya aktarılması hedeflenmiştir.
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