İş ve Personel Uyumunu Sağlamak: İş Analizi ve Yetkinlik Modelleri
Özet
Çalışanların performans ve verimliliğini artırmaya odaklanan yaklaşımlar, sosyal ve psikolojik faktörlerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Böylece, İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi’nin (İKY) operasyonel bir fonksiyon olmaktan ziyade, stratejik bir iş ortağına dönüşümü hızlanmıştır. İş analizi ve yetkinlik modelleri ise, iş ve personel uyumunun sağlanmasında İKY’nin uygulayabileceği kritik araçlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bölümde, İKY’nin stratejik boyutu ile iş analizi ve yetkinlik modelleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınmaktadır. Özellikle, bu araçların işe alım, performans değerlendirme, eğitim ve gelişim süreçlerindeki rolü tekrar açıklanmaktadır. Geleceğe yönelik olarak ise, dijitalleşme, yapay zeka ve İK analitiklerinin iş analizi ve yetkinlik modelleriyle entegrasyonunun önemine dikkat çekmektedir.
Referanslar
Academy to Innovate Human Resources (AIHR, 2023). Cultural transformation guide. AIHR. https://www.aihr.com/resources/AIHR_Cultural_Transformation_Guide.pdf
Academy to Innovate Human Resources (AIHR, 2024). HR Competencies for 2030: A Future Standard. AIHR. https://www.aihr.com/blog/hr-competencies
Adkins, B. ve Caldwell, D. (2004). Firm or subgroup culture: where does fitting in matter most?. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(8), 969-978.
Ambrose, M. L., Arnaud, A. ve Schminke, M. (2008). Individual moral development and ethical climate: The influence of person–organization fit on job attitudes. Journal of Business Ethics, 77, 323-333.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Barrick, M. R. ve Parks-Leduc, L. (2019). Selection for fit. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 6, 171–193.
Bingöl, D. (2010). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi (7. baskı). Beta Yayınları.
Bowen, D. E., Ledford Jr, G. E. ve Nathan, B. R. (1991). Hiring for the organization, not the job. Academy of Management Perspectives, 5(4), 35-51.
Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12.
Brannick, M. T., Levine, E. L. ve Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Job and work analysis: Methods, research, and applications for human resource management (2. baskı). Sage Publications, Inc.
Campion, M. A., Fink, A. A., Ruggeberg, B. J., Carr, L., Phillips, G. M. ve Odman, R. B. (2011). Doing competencies well: Best practices in competency modeling. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 225-262.
Capaldo, G., Iandoli, L. ve Zollo, G. (2006). A situationalist perspective to competency management. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 45(3), 429-448.
Chatman, J. A. (1989). Matching people and organizations: Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Academy of Management Proceedings, (1), 199-204.
Dawis, R. V. ve Lofquist, L. H. (1984). A psychological theory of work adjustment. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Edwards, J. R., & Shipp, A. J. (2007). The relationship between person-environment fit and outcomes: An integrative theoretical framework. In C. Ostroff & T. A. Judge (Eds.), Perspectives on organizational fit (pp. 209–258). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Edwards, J. R. (2008). 4 person–environment fit in organizations: An assessment of theoretical progress. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 167-230.
Eren, E. (2008). Yönetim ve organizasyon:(Çağdaş ve küresel yaklaşımlar). Beta.
Fine, S. A., & Cronshaw, S. F. (1999). Functional job analysis: A foundation for human resources management. Psychology Press.
Gardner, W. L., Reithel, B. J., Cogliser, C. C., Walumbwa, F. O. ve Foley, R. T. (2012). Matching personality and organizational culture: Effects of recruitment strategy and the Five-Factor Model on subjective person–organization fit. Management Communication Quarterly, 26(4), 585-622.
Gatewood, R. D., Feild, H. S. ve Barrick, M. (2015). Human resource selection (7. basım). Cengage Learning.
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person‐organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel Psychology, 49(1), 1-49.
Kristof‐Brown, A. L., Zimmerman, R. D. ve Johnson, E. C. (2005). Consequences of Individuals' Fit at work: A meta‐analysis of person–job, person–organization, person–group, and person–supervisor fit. Personnel Psychology, 58(2), 281-342.
Kristof-Brown, A. ve Guay, R. P. (2011). Person–environment fit. S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol 3: Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization içinde (s. 3–50). Washington, DC: APA.
Kristof‐Brown, A., Schneider, B. ve Su, R. (2023). Person‐organization fit theory and research: Conundrums, conclusions, and calls to action. Personnel Psychology, 76(2), 375-412.
Landers, R. N. ve Behrend, T. S. (2023). Research methods for industrial and organizational psychology: Science and practice (2. baskı). Routledge.
Li, Y., Tuckey, M. R., Chen, P. Y. ve Dollard, M. F. (2024). Job characteristics and employee outcomes: criterion validity of the US Occupational Information Network (O* NET) job analysis database in the Australian context. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 33(3), 325-339.
Lievens, F. ve Sanchez, J. I. (2007). Can training improve the quality of inferences made by raters in competency modeling? A quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 812.
Lopez, F., Kesselman, G. A., & Lopez, F. G. (1981). Threshold traits analysis: A job analysis strategy for identifying critical worker attributes. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Personnel Management.
Manea, A. I. (2020). Selecting subject matter experts in job and work analysis surveys: Advantages and disadvantages. Academic Journal of Economic Studies, 6(2), 52-61.
Marler, J. H. ve Parry, E. (2016). Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(19), 2233-2253.
McCartney, S., Murphy, C. ve Mccarthy, J. (2021). 21st century HR: a competency model for the emerging role of HR Analysts. Personnel Review, 50(6), 1495-1513.
McCormick, E. J., Jeanneret, P. R., & Mecham, R. C. (1972). A study of job characteristics and job dimensions as based on the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ). Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(4), 347–368.
Mischel, W. ve Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102(2), 246–268.
Muchinsky, P. M. ve Monahan, C. J. (1987). What is person-environment congruence? Supplementary versus complementary models of fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), 268-277.
O'Reilly III, C. A., Chatman, J. ve Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
Özgen, H. ve Yalçın, A. (2017). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Stratejik Bir Yaklaşım. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
Paramarta, V., Kosasih, Rochani, S., Kadarisman, S., & Yuliaty, F. (2021, June 17). The impact of human resource management implementation in business strategy in creating sustainable competitive advantage. In Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference on Blended Learning, Educational Technology and Innovation (ACBLETI 2020) (pp. 11–15). Atlantis Press.
Park, I.-J. ve Hai, S. (2024). Person-organization fit, person-job fit and organizational commitment among hotel employees: The roles of positive affect and calling. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(3), 852–872.
Ravlin, E. C. ve Meglino, B. M. (1987). Effect of values on perception and decision making: A study of alternative work values measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(4), 666.
Reis, I., Sousa, M. J. ve Dionísio, A. (2021). Employer branding as a talent management tool: A systematic literature revision. Sustainability, 13(19), 10698.
Riggio, R. E. ve Johnson, S. K. (2022). Introduction to industrial/organizational psychology (8. baskı). Routledge.
Roth, P. L., Arnold, J. D., Walker, H. J., Zhang, L. ve Van Iddekinge, C. H. (2022). Organizational political affiliation and job seekers: If I don’t identify with your party, am I still attracted?. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(5), 724.
Sanchez, J. I. ve Levine, E. L. (2009). What is (or should be) the difference between competency modeling and traditional job analysis?. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 53-63.
Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437–453.
Shippmann, J. S., Ash, R. A., Batjtsta, M., Carr, L., Eyde, L. D., Hesketh, B., ... ve Sanchez, J. I. (2000). The practice of competency modeling. Personnel Psychology, 53(3), 703-740.
Siddique, C. M. (2004). Job analysis: a strategic human resource management practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 219-244.
Sohel-Uz-Zaman, A. S. M., Kabir, A. I., Osman, A. Z. M. R. ve Jalil, M. B. (2022). Strategic human resource management, human capital management and talent management: Same goals many routes. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21(1), 1-15.
Spector, P. E. (2021). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Wright, P. M. ve McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295 320.
Van Vianen, A. (2018). Person environment fit: A review of its basic tenets. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 75–101.