Kulak Burun Boğaz Cerrahisinde Bakım
Özet
Kulak burun boğaz hastalıkları üst solunum yollarını kapsayan hastalıklar olup bazı durumlarda cerrahi gerektirmektedir. Kulak, dış, orta ve iç kulak olmak üzere üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Kulağın temel fonksiyonları işitme ve dengedir. Burun, sinüs ve tonsiller ise üst solunum yolu yapılarındandır. Burnun solunum, koku alma ve konuşma olmak üzere üç temel fizyolojik fonksiyonu bulunmaktadır. Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası uygun hemşirelik bakımı ile komplikasyon oranı azalmakta ve hastaların yaşam kaliteleri artmaktadır. Bu bölümde, kulak burun boğaz cerrahisi gerektiren hastalıkların epidemiyolojisi, etiyolojisi, tanılaması, belirti – bulguları ve tedavisi yer almaktadır. Ameliyat öncesi ve ameliyat sonrası bakım ERAS protokolleri çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur.
Ear, nose and throat diseases are diseases that involve the upper respiratory tract and in some cases require surgery. The ear consists of three parts: outer, middle and inner ear. The basic functions of the ear are hearing and balance. Nose, sinuses and tonsils are among the upper respiratory tract structures. The nose has three basic physiological functions: breathing, smell and speech. With appropriate preoperative and postoperative nursing care, the complication rate decreases and the quality of life of patients increases. This section includes the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, signs and symptoms and treatment of diseases that require ear, nose and throat surgery. Preoperative and postoperative care was established within the framework of ERAS protocols.
Referanslar
Ay, A. (2021). Duyu sistemi. (S. Güler, H. Bulut, M. Karadağ, Çev. Eds.). Fizyopatoloji inanılmaz kolay. (6. Baskı) içinde (398-423). Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 2019).
Tunçbilek, Z. (2019). Kulak-burun-boğaz hastalıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı. M. Karadağ, H. Bulut, (Eds.). Kavram haritası ve akış şemalı cerrahi hastalıkları hemşireliği (1. Baskı) içinde (1085-1134). Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık
Gül, A. (2018). Göz-kulak hastalıkları. S. Çelik, (Ed.), Güncel yöntemlerle cerrahi hastalıklarda bakım içinde (507-530). Antalya: Çukurova Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
Koçyiğit, M., Giran Örtekin, S. ve Çakabay, T. (2016). Otitis media, sınıflandırma ve tedaviye yaklaşım prensipleri. İKSST Derg, 8(2), 65-70.
Erkorkmaz, Ü., Yılmaz, M.S., Güven, M. & Kaymaz, R. (2014). Determination of factors that impact patient satisfaction following tympanoplasty. Int Adv Otol, 10 (3), 264-269.
Janiak-Kiszka, J., Kaźmierczak, W., Burduk, P.K. & Matuszewska, I. (2016). Functional outcomes of tympanoplasty. Otolaryngol Pol, 70 (6), 12-19.
Jamal, A., Alsabea, A., Tarakmeh, M., & Safar, A. (2022). Etiology, diagnosis, complications, and management of acute otitis media in children. Cureus, 14(8), e28019.
Vermişli Peker, S., Yavuz Van Gıersbergen, M., Çukurova, İ. ve Ulamış, B. (2018). Kronik otitis media nedeniyle tip 1 timpanoplasti ameliyatı yapılan hastalarda belirlenen hemşirelik tanılarının değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 115-122.
Aristizabal, J., Puac, P., Zamora, C., & Castillo, M. (2019). Expected findings and complications after tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Neurographics, 9(3), 220-230.
Birlikbaş, S ve Bölükbaş, N. (2019). ERAS Rehberleri cerrahi sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme protokolleri.Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 194-205.
Chorath, K., Hobday, S., Suresh, N.V., Go, B., Moreira, A., & Rajasekaran, K. (2022). Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology: review of literature. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 8, 96–106.
Tan, J.Q., Chen, Y.B., Wang, W.H., Zhou, S.L., Zhou, Q.L., & Li, P. (2021). Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Ear Nose Throat J., 100 (10S),1045S‐1049S.
Özsoy, H. ve Yavuz van Giersbergen, M. (2023). Üst solunum yolu cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda bakım. M. Yavuz van Giersbergen, (Ed.), Cerrahi hemşireliği (1. Baskı) içinde (282-290). Ankara: Nobel Kitapevleri
Sobiesk, J. L., & Munakomi, S. (2023). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nasal Cavity In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jul 24].
Alghamdi, F. S., Albogami, D., Alsurayhi, A. S., Alshibely, A. Y., Alkaabi, T. H., Alqurashi, L. M., Alahdal, A. A., Saber, A. A., & Almansouri, O. S. (2022). Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Cureus, 14(11), e31317.
Alsowey, A. M., Abdulmonaem, G., Elsammak, A., & Fouad, Y. (2017). Diagnostic eprformance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in ciagnosis ofsinus variations. Polish Journal of Radiology, 82, 713- 25.
Aziz, T., Biron, V. L., Ansari, K., & Flores-Mir, C. (2014). Measurement tools for the diagnosis of nasal septal deviation: a systematic review. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d’oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 43(1), 11.
Watters, C., Brar, S., & Yapa, S. (2022). Septoplasty. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2022 Nov 8].
Iqbal, K., Khan, M. I., & Amanullah, A. (2011). Submucous resection versus septoplasty: complications and functional outcome in adult patients. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(1), 23-26.
Fichman, M., & Piedra Buena, I. T. (2023). Rhinoplasty. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 12].
Battisti, A. S., Modi, P., & Pangia, J. (2023). Sinusitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Mar 2].
Albu S. (2020). Chronic Rhinosinusitis-An Update on Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(7), 2285.
Kanai, K., Okano, M., Haruna, T., Higaki, T., Omichi, R., Makihara, S. I., Tsumura, M., Kariya, S., Hirata, Y., & Nishizaki, K. (2017). Evaluation of a new and simple classification for endoscopic sinus surgery. Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.), 8(3), 118–125.
Valletti, P. A., Garzaro, M., & Dell’Era, V. (2019). Medical devices in otorhinolaryngology. R, Narayan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of biomedical engineering In (399-408), Elsevier.
Liao, Z., Liao, W., Tan, K. S., Sun, Y., Peng, A., Zhu, Y., He, H., Yang, S., Xu, G., Su, R., Yao, J., Fan, Y., Yang, Q., & Hong, H. (2018). Decreased hospital charges and postoperative pain in septoplasty by application of enhanced recovery after surgery. Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 14, 1871–1877.
Wu, X. F., Kong, W. F., Wang, W. H., Yuan, L. X., Xu, H. Q., Qi, M., Zhou, S. L., & Yang, Q. T. (2019). Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized clinical trial. Chinese medical journal, 132(3), 253–258.
Meegalla, N., & Downs, B. W. (2023). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Palatine Tonsil (Faucial Tonsils) In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 5].
Yazkan, F. Ö. (2017). Tonsilla palatina ve nonneoplastik hastalıklarına yaklaşım. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 24(4), 198-208.
Anderson, J., & Paterek, E. (2023). Tonsillitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Aug 8].
Guntinas-Lichius, O., Geißler, K., Mäkitie, A. A., Ronen, O., Bradley, P. J., Rinaldo, A., Takes, R. P., & Ferlito, A. (2023). Treatment of recurrent acute tonsillitis-a systematic review and clinical practice recommendations. Frontiers in surgery, 10, 1221932.
Alsalamah, S., Alraddadi, J., Alsulaiman, A., Alsalamah, R., Alaraifi, A. K., & Alsaab, F. (2024). Incidence andpredictors of readmission following tonsillectomy in pediatric population. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 177, 111859.
Bohr, C., & Shermetaro, C. (2023). Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 26].
Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Chen, X., Ma, J., & Song, X. (2021). An enhanced recovery programme improves the comfort and outcomes in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A retrospective historical control study. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery, 46(1), 249–255.
Mitchell, R. B., Archer, S. M., Ishman, S. L., Rosenfeld, R. M., Coles, S., Finestone, S. A., Friedman, N. R., Giordano, T., Hildrew, D. M., Kim, T. W., Lloyd, R. M., Parikh, S. R., Shulman, S. T., Walner, D. L., Walsh, S. A., & Nnacheta, L. C. (2019). Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 160(2), 187–205.
Referanslar
Ay, A. (2021). Duyu sistemi. (S. Güler, H. Bulut, M. Karadağ, Çev. Eds.). Fizyopatoloji inanılmaz kolay. (6. Baskı) içinde (398-423). Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 2019).
Tunçbilek, Z. (2019). Kulak-burun-boğaz hastalıkları ve hemşirelik bakımı. M. Karadağ, H. Bulut, (Eds.). Kavram haritası ve akış şemalı cerrahi hastalıkları hemşireliği (1. Baskı) içinde (1085-1134). Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık
Gül, A. (2018). Göz-kulak hastalıkları. S. Çelik, (Ed.), Güncel yöntemlerle cerrahi hastalıklarda bakım içinde (507-530). Antalya: Çukurova Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
Koçyiğit, M., Giran Örtekin, S. ve Çakabay, T. (2016). Otitis media, sınıflandırma ve tedaviye yaklaşım prensipleri. İKSST Derg, 8(2), 65-70.
Erkorkmaz, Ü., Yılmaz, M.S., Güven, M. & Kaymaz, R. (2014). Determination of factors that impact patient satisfaction following tympanoplasty. Int Adv Otol, 10 (3), 264-269.
Janiak-Kiszka, J., Kaźmierczak, W., Burduk, P.K. & Matuszewska, I. (2016). Functional outcomes of tympanoplasty. Otolaryngol Pol, 70 (6), 12-19.
Jamal, A., Alsabea, A., Tarakmeh, M., & Safar, A. (2022). Etiology, diagnosis, complications, and management of acute otitis media in children. Cureus, 14(8), e28019.
Vermişli Peker, S., Yavuz Van Gıersbergen, M., Çukurova, İ. ve Ulamış, B. (2018). Kronik otitis media nedeniyle tip 1 timpanoplasti ameliyatı yapılan hastalarda belirlenen hemşirelik tanılarının değerlendirilmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 115-122.
Aristizabal, J., Puac, P., Zamora, C., & Castillo, M. (2019). Expected findings and complications after tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Neurographics, 9(3), 220-230.
Birlikbaş, S ve Bölükbaş, N. (2019). ERAS Rehberleri cerrahi sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme protokolleri.Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 194-205.
Chorath, K., Hobday, S., Suresh, N.V., Go, B., Moreira, A., & Rajasekaran, K. (2022). Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for outpatient operations in otolaryngology: review of literature. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 8, 96–106.
Tan, J.Q., Chen, Y.B., Wang, W.H., Zhou, S.L., Zhou, Q.L., & Li, P. (2021). Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative period of tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy. Ear Nose Throat J., 100 (10S),1045S‐1049S.
Özsoy, H. ve Yavuz van Giersbergen, M. (2023). Üst solunum yolu cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda bakım. M. Yavuz van Giersbergen, (Ed.), Cerrahi hemşireliği (1. Baskı) içinde (282-290). Ankara: Nobel Kitapevleri
Sobiesk, J. L., & Munakomi, S. (2023). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Nasal Cavity In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jul 24].
Alghamdi, F. S., Albogami, D., Alsurayhi, A. S., Alshibely, A. Y., Alkaabi, T. H., Alqurashi, L. M., Alahdal, A. A., Saber, A. A., & Almansouri, O. S. (2022). Nasal Septal Deviation: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Cureus, 14(11), e31317.
Alsowey, A. M., Abdulmonaem, G., Elsammak, A., & Fouad, Y. (2017). Diagnostic eprformance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in ciagnosis ofsinus variations. Polish Journal of Radiology, 82, 713- 25.
Aziz, T., Biron, V. L., Ansari, K., & Flores-Mir, C. (2014). Measurement tools for the diagnosis of nasal septal deviation: a systematic review. Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d’oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 43(1), 11.
Watters, C., Brar, S., & Yapa, S. (2022). Septoplasty. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2022 Nov 8].
Iqbal, K., Khan, M. I., & Amanullah, A. (2011). Submucous resection versus septoplasty: complications and functional outcome in adult patients. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(1), 23-26.
Fichman, M., & Piedra Buena, I. T. (2023). Rhinoplasty. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 12].
Battisti, A. S., Modi, P., & Pangia, J. (2023). Sinusitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Mar 2].
Albu S. (2020). Chronic Rhinosinusitis-An Update on Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(7), 2285.
Kanai, K., Okano, M., Haruna, T., Higaki, T., Omichi, R., Makihara, S. I., Tsumura, M., Kariya, S., Hirata, Y., & Nishizaki, K. (2017). Evaluation of a new and simple classification for endoscopic sinus surgery. Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.), 8(3), 118–125.
Valletti, P. A., Garzaro, M., & Dell’Era, V. (2019). Medical devices in otorhinolaryngology. R, Narayan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of biomedical engineering In (399-408), Elsevier.
Liao, Z., Liao, W., Tan, K. S., Sun, Y., Peng, A., Zhu, Y., He, H., Yang, S., Xu, G., Su, R., Yao, J., Fan, Y., Yang, Q., & Hong, H. (2018). Decreased hospital charges and postoperative pain in septoplasty by application of enhanced recovery after surgery. Therapeutics and clinical risk management, 14, 1871–1877.
Wu, X. F., Kong, W. F., Wang, W. H., Yuan, L. X., Xu, H. Q., Qi, M., Zhou, S. L., & Yang, Q. T. (2019). Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in functional endoscopic sinus surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized clinical trial. Chinese medical journal, 132(3), 253–258.
Meegalla, N., & Downs, B. W. (2023). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Palatine Tonsil (Faucial Tonsils) In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 5].
Yazkan, F. Ö. (2017). Tonsilla palatina ve nonneoplastik hastalıklarına yaklaşım. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 24(4), 198-208.
Anderson, J., & Paterek, E. (2023). Tonsillitis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Aug 8].
Guntinas-Lichius, O., Geißler, K., Mäkitie, A. A., Ronen, O., Bradley, P. J., Rinaldo, A., Takes, R. P., & Ferlito, A. (2023). Treatment of recurrent acute tonsillitis-a systematic review and clinical practice recommendations. Frontiers in surgery, 10, 1221932.
Alsalamah, S., Alraddadi, J., Alsulaiman, A., Alsalamah, R., Alaraifi, A. K., & Alsaab, F. (2024). Incidence andpredictors of readmission following tonsillectomy in pediatric population. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 177, 111859.
Bohr, C., & Shermetaro, C. (2023). Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. [Updated 2023 Jun 26].
Zhang, Y., Liu, D., Chen, X., Ma, J., & Song, X. (2021). An enhanced recovery programme improves the comfort and outcomes in children with obstructive sleep apnoea undergoing adenotonsillectomy: A retrospective historical control study. Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery, 46(1), 249–255.
Mitchell, R. B., Archer, S. M., Ishman, S. L., Rosenfeld, R. M., Coles, S., Finestone, S. A., Friedman, N. R., Giordano, T., Hildrew, D. M., Kim, T. W., Lloyd, R. M., Parikh, S. R., Shulman, S. T., Walner, D. L., Walsh, S. A., & Nnacheta, L. C. (2019). Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update)-Executive Summary. Otolaryngology-- head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 160(2), 187–205.
