Meme Cerrahisinde Bakım
Özet
Meme kanseri Dünyada ve Türkiye’de kadınlar arasında en sık görülen kanser türü olup kansere bağlı ölümlerin de önemli bir nedenidir. Tarama programlarında yer alan kendi kendine meme muayenesi, klinik meme muayenesi ve mammografi sayesinde meme kanserinin erken tanılanması mümkündür. Meme kanserinin tedavisinde cerrahi tedavi, kemoterapi, hormonoterapi ve hedefe yönelik tedavi yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Erken tanı ve gelişen tedavi yöntemlerinin kullanılmasıyla mortalite oranı azalmaktadır. Tedavi sonrası en sık görülen komplikasyon lenfödemdir. Meme cerrahisi sonrası etkili hemşirelik bakımı, uygun beslenme ve egzersiz ile gelişebilecek komplikasyonlar önlenebilmektedir.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the world and in Turkey and is an important cause of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis of breast cancer is possible thanks to breast self-examination, clinical breast examination and mammography included in screening programs. Surgical treatment, chemotherapy, hormonotherapy and targeted therapy methods are used in the treatment of breast cancer. The mortality rate decreases with early diagnosis and the use of developing treatment methods. The most common complication after treatment is lymphedema. Complications that may develop after breast surgery can be prevented with effective nursing care, appropriate nutrition and exercise.
Referanslar
Abushukur, Y., Cascardo, C., Ibrahim, Y., et al. (2022). Improving breast surgery outcomes through alternative therapy: a systematic review. Cureus. 14(3):e23443.
Albornoz, C.R., Matros, E., Lee, C.N., et al. (2015). Bilateral mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer: the role of breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg.135:1518-1526.
American Cancer Society. (2024). Breast cancer facts & figures 2022-2044. Atlanta:
American Cancer Society. Retriewed April 1, 2024 from https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/breast-cancer-facts-andfigures/2022-2024-breast-cancer-fact-figures-acs.pdf
American Cancer Society a, 2024. Retriewed March 26, 2024 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html
American Cancer Society b, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer. org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-risk-factors.
American Cancer Society c Signs and symptoms of breast cancer, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms.
American Cancer Society d, Breast awareness and self-exam, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/moreinformation/breastcancerearlydetection/breast-cancer-early-detection-acs-recs-bse.
American Cancer Society e, Mammograms and Other Breast Imaging Tests, 2015. Retriewed, June 2, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/ treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/ mammogramsandotherbreastimagingprocedures/index.
American Cancer Society f Types of biopsy procedures, 2014. Retriewed, June 9, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/forwomenfacingabreastbiopsy/breast-biopsy-biopsy- types
American Cancer Society g, Types of breast cancer. Retriewed, June 12, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-breast- cancer-types.
American Cancer Society h, How is breast cancer treated. Retriewed, June 17, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-treating-general-info
American Cancer Society, Breast cancer risk and prevention. Retriewed, March 26, 2024 form https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention.html
American College of Radiology. BI-RADS – Mammography, 2013. Retriewed, June 9, 2015 from http://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/BIRADS/Mammography.
Alkabban, F. M., & Ferguson, T. Breast Cancer (2022). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482286/
Aune, D., Chan, D.S.M., Greenwood, D.C., Vieria, A.R., Navarro Rosenblatt, D.A., Vieria, R., & Norat, T. (2012). Dietary fiber and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta- analysis of prospective studies. Annals of Oncology, 23, 1394-1402.
Anue, D., Chan, D.S.M., Vieria, A.R., Navarro Rosenblatt, D.A., Vieria, R., Greenwood, D.C., & Norat, T (2012). Fruits, vegatables and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta- analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 134, 479-493.
Argani, P. Cimino-Mathews, A. Johns Hopkings Medicine- Breast cancer & breast pathology 2012. Retriewed June 1, 2015, from http://pathology.jhu.edu/breast/anatomy.php.
Antipuesto, D.J. (2015). Nursingcrib, breast biopsy procedure. Retriewed June 2, 2015 from http://nursingcrib.com/medical-laboratory-diagnostic-test/breast-biopsy/.
Atalay, C. (2009). HER2 pozitif meme kanserine cerrahi yaklaşım nasıl olmalı? The Journal of Breast Health, 5(4), 1-4.
Breastcancer.org, Pictures of Breast Anatomy, 2012 Retriewed June 8, 2015 from http://www.breastcancer.org/pictures/breast_anatomy.
Breastcancer.org, The Five Steps of a Breast Self-Exam, 2015. Retriewed June 12, 2015 from http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/self_exam/bse_ steps.
Bray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Soerjomataram, I., & Jemal, A. (2024). Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 10.3322/caac.21834. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3322/ caac.21834
Binokay, F., Soyupak, S. (2011). Meme kanserinde radyolojik görüntüleme. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed) Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde, (126-136) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitapevi.
Bozkurt, B. (2011). Cerrahi biyopsiler. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed) Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde, (153-161) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitapevi.
Boyle, P., Boniol, M., Koechlin, A., Robertson, C., Valentini, F., Coppens, K., Fairly, F.F., Boniol, M., Zheng, T., Zhang, Y., Pasterk, M, Smans, M., Curado, M.P., Mulie, P., Gandini, S., Bota, M., Bolli, G.B., Rosenstock, J., & Autier, P. (2012). Diabetes and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 107, 1608-1617.
Chen, W.Y., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S.E., Colditz, G.A., & Willett, W.C. (2011). Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. JAMA, 306(17), 1884-1890.
Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/ research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/index.
Cancer reserach uk.org. Types of breast cancer, 2014. Retriewed June 10, 2015 from http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/breast-cancer/about/types/
Cavanaugh, K.M. (2011). Effects of early exercise on the development of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer treated with axillary lymph node dissection. Journal of Oncology Practıce, 7(2), 89-93.
Chlebowski, R.T., Anderson, G.L., Gass, M., Lane, D.S., Aragaki, A.K., Kuller, L.H., Manson, J.E., Stefanick, M.L., Ockene, J., Sarto, G.E., Johnson, K.C., et al. (2010). Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA, 304(15),1684-1692.
Chung, Y., Kang, E., Yom, C.K., Kim, D., Sun, Y., Hwang, Y., Jang, J.Y., & Kim, S.W. (2015). Effects of short message service as a reminder on breast self- examination in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1-7.
Eliassen, A.H., Hankinson, S.E., Rosner, B., Holmes, M.D., & Willett, W.C. (2010). Physical activity and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women Arch Intern Med, 170(19), 1758-1764.
Edalatpour, A., Seitz, A.J., Warden, A.M., et al. (2024). Outcomes of enhanced recovery protocols and tranexamic acid on double-incision versus periareolar gender-affirming mastectomy: A retrospective study of postoperative outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 88:360-368.
Feng, Y., Spezia, M., Huang, S., Yuan, C., Zeng, Z., Zhang, L., Ji, X., Liu, W., Huang, B., Luo, W., Liu, B., Lei, Y., Du, S., Vuppalapati, A., Luu, H. H., Haydon, R. C., He, T. C., & Ren, G. (2018). Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis. Genes & diseases, 5(2), 77–106.
Gaudet, M.M., Gapstur, S.M., Sun, J., Diver, W.R., Hannan, L.M., & Thun, M.J. (2013). Active smoking andbreast cancer risk: Orginal cohort data and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 105(8), 515-525.
Hystad, P., Villeneuve, P.J., Goldberg, M.S., Crouse, D.L., Johnson, K., & The Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. (2015). Exposure to traffic- related air pollution and the risk of developing breast cancer among women in eight Canadian provinces: A case- control study. Enviromental International, 74, 240-248.
Hamolsky, D. (2014). Nursing management breast disorders. In S. L. Lewis, S. R. Dirksen, M. M. Heitkemper, L. Bucher, and M. M. Handing, (Ed.). Medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems (9th ed.) (1238-1260). Canada: Mosby Elsevier.
Kamdar, B.B., Tergas, A.I., Mateen, F.J., Bhayani, N.H., & Oh, J. (2013). Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BreastCancer Res Treat, 138, 291-301.
Karayurt, Ö. (2014). Meme Kanseri. G. Can, (Ed), Onkoloji Hemşireliği içinde, (619- 657). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
Koçak, S. Mastektomi sonrası meme rekonstrüksiyonu. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed). Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde (433-441) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitabevi.
Kotsopoulos, J., Lubinski, J., Moller, P., Lynch, H.T., Singer, C.F., Eng, C., Neuhausen, S.L., Karlan, B., Kim-Sing, C., Huzarski, T., Gronwald, J., McCuaig, J., Senter, L., Tung, N., Ghadirian, P., Eisen, A., Gilchrist, D., Blum, J.L., Zakalik, D., Pal, T., Sun, P., Narod, S.A., & Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group. (2014). Timing of oral contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers Breast Cancer Res Treat, 143(3), 579-586.
Kummerow, K.L., Du, L., Penson, D.F., et al. (2015). Nationwide trends in mastectomy for early-stage breast cancer. JAMA Surg.150:9-16.
Kwan, M. L., Cohn, J. C., Armer, J. M., Stewart, B. R. & Cormier, J. N. (2011) Exercise in patients with lymphedema: a systematic review of the contemporary literature. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 5 (4), 320–336.
Larsson, S.C., Mantzoros, C.S., & Wolk, A. (2007). Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer, 121, 856-872.
Montagna, G., Morrow, M. (2020). Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in breast cancer: what to discuss with patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther.20:159-166.
Lautner, M., Lin, H., Shen, Y., et al. (2015). Disparities in the use of breast-conserving therapy among patients with early-stage breast cancer. JAMA Surg. 150:778- 786.
Nelson, H.D., Zakher, B., Cantor, A., Fu, R., Griffin, J., O’Meara, E.S., Buist, D.S.M, Kerlikowske, K., Van Ravesteyn, N.T., Trenthham-Dietz, A., Mandelblatt, J.S., & Miglioretti, D.L. (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years a systematic review and meta analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156, 635- 648.
TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri 2018; Ankara 2022. 26 Mart 2024, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf
T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, meme Kanseri Tarama Programı Ulusal Standartları. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://kanser.gov.tr/Dosya/tarama/meme.pdf.
Temple-Oberle, C., Shea-Budgell, M.A., Tan, M., et al.; ERAS Society. (2017). Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg, 139(5):1056e-1071e.
Thomson, C.A. (2012). Diet and breast cancer: understanding risk and benefits. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 27(5), 636-650.
Verbelen, H., Gebruers, N., Eeckhout, F., Verlinden, K., & Tjalma, W. (2014). Shoulder and arm morbidity in sentinel node-negative breast cancer patients: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 144,21–31.
Word Cancer Research Fund International. In: Breast cancer Statistics (2022). 26 march 2024. https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/breast-cancer-statistics/
Wong, S.M., Freedman, R.A., Sagara, Y., et al. (2017. Growing use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy despite no improvement in long-term survival for invasive breast cancer. Ann Surg.265:581-589.
Zhou, W.B., Xue, D.Q., Liu, X.A., Ding, Q., Wang, S. (2011). The influence of family history and histological stratification on breast cancer risk in women with benign breast disease: a meta- analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 137, 1053-1060.
Zhou, Y., Chen, J., Li, Q., Huang, W., Lan, H., & Jiang, H. (2015). Association between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Breastfeeding Medicine, 10(3):175- 182.
Referanslar
Abushukur, Y., Cascardo, C., Ibrahim, Y., et al. (2022). Improving breast surgery outcomes through alternative therapy: a systematic review. Cureus. 14(3):e23443.
Albornoz, C.R., Matros, E., Lee, C.N., et al. (2015). Bilateral mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer: the role of breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg.135:1518-1526.
American Cancer Society. (2024). Breast cancer facts & figures 2022-2044. Atlanta:
American Cancer Society. Retriewed April 1, 2024 from https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/breast-cancer-facts-andfigures/2022-2024-breast-cancer-fact-figures-acs.pdf
American Cancer Society a, 2024. Retriewed March 26, 2024 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html
American Cancer Society b, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer. org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-risk-factors.
American Cancer Society c Signs and symptoms of breast cancer, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-signs-symptoms.
American Cancer Society d, Breast awareness and self-exam, 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/moreinformation/breastcancerearlydetection/breast-cancer-early-detection-acs-recs-bse.
American Cancer Society e, Mammograms and Other Breast Imaging Tests, 2015. Retriewed, June 2, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/ treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/ mammogramsandotherbreastimagingprocedures/index.
American Cancer Society f Types of biopsy procedures, 2014. Retriewed, June 9, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/examsandtestdescriptions/forwomenfacingabreastbiopsy/breast-biopsy-biopsy- types
American Cancer Society g, Types of breast cancer. Retriewed, June 12, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-breast- cancer-types.
American Cancer Society h, How is breast cancer treated. Retriewed, June 17, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/detailedguide/breast-cancer-treating-general-info
American Cancer Society, Breast cancer risk and prevention. Retriewed, March 26, 2024 form https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention.html
American College of Radiology. BI-RADS – Mammography, 2013. Retriewed, June 9, 2015 from http://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/BIRADS/Mammography.
Alkabban, F. M., & Ferguson, T. Breast Cancer (2022). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482286/
Aune, D., Chan, D.S.M., Greenwood, D.C., Vieria, A.R., Navarro Rosenblatt, D.A., Vieria, R., & Norat, T. (2012). Dietary fiber and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta- analysis of prospective studies. Annals of Oncology, 23, 1394-1402.
Anue, D., Chan, D.S.M., Vieria, A.R., Navarro Rosenblatt, D.A., Vieria, R., Greenwood, D.C., & Norat, T (2012). Fruits, vegatables and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta- analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 134, 479-493.
Argani, P. Cimino-Mathews, A. Johns Hopkings Medicine- Breast cancer & breast pathology 2012. Retriewed June 1, 2015, from http://pathology.jhu.edu/breast/anatomy.php.
Antipuesto, D.J. (2015). Nursingcrib, breast biopsy procedure. Retriewed June 2, 2015 from http://nursingcrib.com/medical-laboratory-diagnostic-test/breast-biopsy/.
Atalay, C. (2009). HER2 pozitif meme kanserine cerrahi yaklaşım nasıl olmalı? The Journal of Breast Health, 5(4), 1-4.
Breastcancer.org, Pictures of Breast Anatomy, 2012 Retriewed June 8, 2015 from http://www.breastcancer.org/pictures/breast_anatomy.
Breastcancer.org, The Five Steps of a Breast Self-Exam, 2015. Retriewed June 12, 2015 from http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/self_exam/bse_ steps.
Bray, F., Laversanne, M., Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Soerjomataram, I., & Jemal, A. (2024). Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 10.3322/caac.21834. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3322/ caac.21834
Binokay, F., Soyupak, S. (2011). Meme kanserinde radyolojik görüntüleme. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed) Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde, (126-136) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitapevi.
Bozkurt, B. (2011). Cerrahi biyopsiler. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed) Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde, (153-161) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitapevi.
Boyle, P., Boniol, M., Koechlin, A., Robertson, C., Valentini, F., Coppens, K., Fairly, F.F., Boniol, M., Zheng, T., Zhang, Y., Pasterk, M, Smans, M., Curado, M.P., Mulie, P., Gandini, S., Bota, M., Bolli, G.B., Rosenstock, J., & Autier, P. (2012). Diabetes and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 107, 1608-1617.
Chen, W.Y., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S.E., Colditz, G.A., & Willett, W.C. (2011). Moderate alcohol consumption during adult life, drinking patterns, and breast cancer risk. JAMA, 306(17), 1884-1890.
Cancer Facts & Figures 2015. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://www.cancer.org/ research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/index.
Cancer reserach uk.org. Types of breast cancer, 2014. Retriewed June 10, 2015 from http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/breast-cancer/about/types/
Cavanaugh, K.M. (2011). Effects of early exercise on the development of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer treated with axillary lymph node dissection. Journal of Oncology Practıce, 7(2), 89-93.
Chlebowski, R.T., Anderson, G.L., Gass, M., Lane, D.S., Aragaki, A.K., Kuller, L.H., Manson, J.E., Stefanick, M.L., Ockene, J., Sarto, G.E., Johnson, K.C., et al. (2010). Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA, 304(15),1684-1692.
Chung, Y., Kang, E., Yom, C.K., Kim, D., Sun, Y., Hwang, Y., Jang, J.Y., & Kim, S.W. (2015). Effects of short message service as a reminder on breast self- examination in breast cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 1-7.
Eliassen, A.H., Hankinson, S.E., Rosner, B., Holmes, M.D., & Willett, W.C. (2010). Physical activity and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women Arch Intern Med, 170(19), 1758-1764.
Edalatpour, A., Seitz, A.J., Warden, A.M., et al. (2024). Outcomes of enhanced recovery protocols and tranexamic acid on double-incision versus periareolar gender-affirming mastectomy: A retrospective study of postoperative outcomes. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 88:360-368.
Feng, Y., Spezia, M., Huang, S., Yuan, C., Zeng, Z., Zhang, L., Ji, X., Liu, W., Huang, B., Luo, W., Liu, B., Lei, Y., Du, S., Vuppalapati, A., Luu, H. H., Haydon, R. C., He, T. C., & Ren, G. (2018). Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis. Genes & diseases, 5(2), 77–106.
Gaudet, M.M., Gapstur, S.M., Sun, J., Diver, W.R., Hannan, L.M., & Thun, M.J. (2013). Active smoking andbreast cancer risk: Orginal cohort data and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst, 105(8), 515-525.
Hystad, P., Villeneuve, P.J., Goldberg, M.S., Crouse, D.L., Johnson, K., & The Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. (2015). Exposure to traffic- related air pollution and the risk of developing breast cancer among women in eight Canadian provinces: A case- control study. Enviromental International, 74, 240-248.
Hamolsky, D. (2014). Nursing management breast disorders. In S. L. Lewis, S. R. Dirksen, M. M. Heitkemper, L. Bucher, and M. M. Handing, (Ed.). Medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems (9th ed.) (1238-1260). Canada: Mosby Elsevier.
Kamdar, B.B., Tergas, A.I., Mateen, F.J., Bhayani, N.H., & Oh, J. (2013). Night-shift work and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BreastCancer Res Treat, 138, 291-301.
Karayurt, Ö. (2014). Meme Kanseri. G. Can, (Ed), Onkoloji Hemşireliği içinde, (619- 657). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
Koçak, S. Mastektomi sonrası meme rekonstrüksiyonu. S. Aydın, T. Akça, (Ed). Tüm yönleriyle meme kanseri içinde (433-441) (1. Basım). Adana: Nobel Kitabevi.
Kotsopoulos, J., Lubinski, J., Moller, P., Lynch, H.T., Singer, C.F., Eng, C., Neuhausen, S.L., Karlan, B., Kim-Sing, C., Huzarski, T., Gronwald, J., McCuaig, J., Senter, L., Tung, N., Ghadirian, P., Eisen, A., Gilchrist, D., Blum, J.L., Zakalik, D., Pal, T., Sun, P., Narod, S.A., & Hereditary Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group. (2014). Timing of oral contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers Breast Cancer Res Treat, 143(3), 579-586.
Kummerow, K.L., Du, L., Penson, D.F., et al. (2015). Nationwide trends in mastectomy for early-stage breast cancer. JAMA Surg.150:9-16.
Kwan, M. L., Cohn, J. C., Armer, J. M., Stewart, B. R. & Cormier, J. N. (2011) Exercise in patients with lymphedema: a systematic review of the contemporary literature. Journal of Cancer Survivorship, 5 (4), 320–336.
Larsson, S.C., Mantzoros, C.S., & Wolk, A. (2007). Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer, 121, 856-872.
Montagna, G., Morrow, M. (2020). Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in breast cancer: what to discuss with patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther.20:159-166.
Lautner, M., Lin, H., Shen, Y., et al. (2015). Disparities in the use of breast-conserving therapy among patients with early-stage breast cancer. JAMA Surg. 150:778- 786.
Nelson, H.D., Zakher, B., Cantor, A., Fu, R., Griffin, J., O’Meara, E.S., Buist, D.S.M, Kerlikowske, K., Van Ravesteyn, N.T., Trenthham-Dietz, A., Mandelblatt, J.S., & Miglioretti, D.L. (2012). Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years a systematic review and meta analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156, 635- 648.
TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye Kanser İstatistikleri 2018; Ankara 2022. 26 Mart 2024, https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf
T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, meme Kanseri Tarama Programı Ulusal Standartları. Retriewed June 1, 2015 from http://kanser.gov.tr/Dosya/tarama/meme.pdf.
Temple-Oberle, C., Shea-Budgell, M.A., Tan, M., et al.; ERAS Society. (2017). Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg, 139(5):1056e-1071e.
Thomson, C.A. (2012). Diet and breast cancer: understanding risk and benefits. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 27(5), 636-650.
Verbelen, H., Gebruers, N., Eeckhout, F., Verlinden, K., & Tjalma, W. (2014). Shoulder and arm morbidity in sentinel node-negative breast cancer patients: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 144,21–31.
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