ERAS Önermeleri Doğrultusunda Cerrahi Hastanın Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Referanslar
Abunnaja, S., Cuviello, A., & Sanchez, J. A. (2013). Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period: state of the art. Nutrients, 5(2), 608-623.
Aksu, H. (2022). Beslenme tarama araçları. IDUHeS, 5(1), 87-105
Altman, A. D., Helpman, L., McGee, J., Samouëlian, V., Auclair, M. H., Brar, H., ve diğer(2019). Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada’s Communities of Practice in ERAS and Venous Thromboembolism Enhanced recovery after surgery: implementing a new standard of surgical care. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 191(17), E469–E475.
American Society of Anesthesiologist. (December 13 2020). Statement on ASA Physical Status Classification System.12.04.2024. https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-practice-parameters/statement-on-asa-physical- status-classification-system
Ayar, Y., Ersoy, A., Düğer, H., Çağatay, A. K., Göçken, A., & Yavuz, M. (2015). Akut Böbrek Hasarında Mortalitede Öncül Faktörler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 16(3), 192-197.
Blixt, C., Ahlstedt, C., Ljungqvist, O., Isaksson, B., Kalman, S., & Rooyackers, O. (2012). The effect of perioperative glucose control on postoperative insulin resistance. Clinical nutrition, 31(5), 676-681.
Bozdoğan, Ş. N., & Koçaşlı, S. (2022). Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileşme (Eras) Protokolleri Çerçevesinde Cerrahi Hastasında Malnütrisyon. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 85-100.
British Thoracic Society (May 11, 2020) British Thoracic Society Guidance on Respiratory Follow Up of Patients with a Clinico-Radiological Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. 01.04.2024. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/qualityimprovement/covid-19/resp-follow-up-guidance-post-covid-pneumonia/
Brown, D., & Xhaja, A. (2018). Nursing perspectives on enhanced recovery after surgery. Surgical Clinics, 98(6), 1211-1221.
Carli, F. (2015). Physiologic considerations of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs: implications of the stress response. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 62(2), 110.
Centre of Preoperative Care U (June 2021) Preoperative Assessment and Optimisation for Adult Surgery including consideration of COVID-19 and its implications. 04.04.2024 https://cpoc.org.uk/sites/cpoc/files/documents/2021-06/Preoperative%20assessment%20and%20optimisation%20guidance.pdf
Ceylan, E. (2014). Kardiyopulmoner egzersiz testleri. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations. 5 (3), 504-509 .
Chatterjee, S., Rudra, A., & Sengupta, S. (2011). Current concepts in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology research and practice, 1-11.
Daabiss, M. (2011). American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification. Indian J Anaesth. Mar; 55(2), 111-5.
Doyle, D.J., Hendrix, J.M., & Garmon, E.H. (Auguts 17 2023). American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 12.04.2024. https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441940
ERAS Türkiye Derneği, ERAS protokolü postoperatif bulantı kusmayı önleme ve tedavi yönetimi. 07.04.2024 https://eras.org.tr/public/files/ERAS_POBK_prootokol.pdf
ERAS Türkiye Derneği. ERAS protokollerinin temel ögeleri 10.04.2024 https://eras.org.tr/page.php?id=10
Erce,J.A.G., & Morales, M.J.L. (2017). Patient blood management» in the enhanced recovery program after abdominal surgery. Cirugia espanola, 95.9, 552-554.
Erdim, A., & Aktan, A. Ö. (2017). Evaluation of perioperative nutritional status with subjective global assessment method in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Turkish journal of surgery, 33(4), 253.
Eti Aslan, F. (2002). Ağrı Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 6(1), 9-16.
Feldheiser, A., Aziz, O., Baldini, G., Cox, B. P. B. W., Fearon, K. C. H., Feldman, L. S., ve diğer (2016). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 289-334.
Gan, S., Yu, Y., Wu, J., Tang, X., Zheng, Y., Wang, M., & Zhu, S. (2020). Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and risk assessment of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with orthopedics: a cross-sectional study. BMC anesthesiology, 20, 1-10.
Gan, T. J., Belani, K. G., Bergese, S., Chung, F., Diemunsch, P., Habib, A. S., ve diğer (2020). Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 131(2), 411- 448.
Girish, M., Trayner Jr, E., Dammann, O., Pinto-Plata, V., & Celli, B. (2001). Symptom-limited stair climbing as a predictor of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after high-risk surgery. Chest, 120(4), 1147-1151.
Goldberg, D. S., & McGee, S. J. (2011). Pain as a global public health priority. BMC public health, 11, 1-5.
Gustafsson, U. O., Scott, M. J., Hubner, M., Nygren, J., Demartines, N., Francis, N., ... & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations: 2018. World journal of surgery, 43, 659-695.
Gustafsson, U. O., Scott, M. J., Schwenk, W., Demartines, N., Roulin, D., Francis, N., ve diğer (2013). Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World journal of surgery, 37, 259- 284.
Hendry, P.O,.van Dam, R.M., Bukkems, S.F., McKeown, D.W., Parks, R.W., Preston, T. ve diğer (2010) Randomized clinical trial of laxatives and oral nutritional supplements within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol following liver resection. Br J Surg 97(8):1198–1206
Iqbal, U., Green, J. B., Patel, S., Tong, Y., Zebrower, M., Kaye, A. D., ve diğer. (2019). Preoperative patient preparation in enhanced recovery pathways. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, 35(Suppl 1), S14-S23.
Joliat, G. R., Kobayashi, K., Hasegawa, K., Thomson, J. E., Padbury, R., Scott, M., ve diğer. (2023). Guidelines for perioperative care for liver surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations 2022. World journal of surgery, 47(1), 11-34.
Joshi, G. P., & Kehlet, H. (2019). Postoperative pain management in the era of ERAS: an overview. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 33(3), 259-267.
Kaka, A. S., Zhao, S., Ozer, E., Agrawal, A., Kang, S., Rocco, J., Carrau, R., Teknos, T., Clapp, J. D., Weed, H., & Old, M. O. (2017). Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Following Head and Neck Surgery Among Patients Who Contract to Abstain From Alcohol vs Patients Who Abuse Alcohol. JAMA otolaryngology, head & neck surgery, 143(12), 1181–1186.
Karst, C. Magnesium Sulfate Effectiveness for ERAS Protocols. 12.04.2024 https://sigma.nursingrepository org/bitstream/handle/10755/21748/Abstract.pdf?-sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lindemann, K., Danbolt, S. H., Ramberg, L., Eyjólfsdóttir, B., Wang, Y. Y., Heli-Haugestøl, A. G., ve diğer (2023). Patient-reported nausea after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for gynae- oncology patients. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, 33(8).
Ljungqvist, O., Scott, M., & Fearon, K. C. (2017). Enhanced recovery after surgery: a review. JAMA surgery, 152(3), 292-298.
Ljungqvist, O., & Hubner, M. (2018). Enhanced recovery after surgery—ERAS—principles, practice and feasibility in the elderly. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 30, 249-252.
Low, D. E., Allum, W., De Manzoni, G., Ferri, L., Immanuel, A., Kuppusamy, M., ... & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in esophagectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World journal of surgery, 43, 299- 330.
Nelson, G., Bakkum-Gamez, J., Kalogera, E., Glaser, G., Altman, A., Meyer, L. A., Taylor, J. S., Iniesta, M., Lasala, J., Mena, G., Scott, M., Gillis, C., Elias, K., Wijk, L., Huang, J., Nygren, J., Ljungqvist, O., Ramirez, P. T., & Dowdy, S. C. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society, 29(4), 651–668.
Öztürk, M., Balcı, F., Durmuş, Y. E., & Güngör, A. (2022). Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisinde ERAS Protokollerinin Kullanımı. Türk Nöroşir Derg 32(2):278-286, 2022
Peden, C. J., Aggarwal, G., Aitken, R. J., Anderson, I. D., Bang Foss, N., Cooper, Z., ve diğer. (2021). Guidelines for perioperative care for emergency laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations: part 1—preoperative: diagnosis, rapid assessment and optimization. World journal of surgery, 45(5), 1272-1290.
Pędziwiatr, M., Mavrikis, J., Witowski, J., Adamos, A., Major, P., Nowakowski, M., & Budzyński, A. (2018). Current status of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in gastrointestinal surgery. Medical Oncology, 35, 1-8.
Solmaz, F. A., & Kirdemir, P. (2020). Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and anesthesia. Acta Medica Alanya, 4(1), 95-101.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü. (14 Şubat 2019) Evde sağlık hizmetleri nütrisyonel risk skoru (NRS-2002) değerlendirme formu. 12.04.2024 https://dosyaism.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/61768/0/nutrisyonel-risk-skoru-nrs-2002-degerlendirme-formu0pdf.pdf
Türk Anesteziyoloji Derneği, Postoperatif ağrı tedavisi. Türk Anesteziyoloji Derneği (TARD) Anestezi Uygulama Kılavuzları, 2006. Erişim: http://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/7.pdf.
Türk Hematoloji Derneği. Perioperatif Hemostaz Değerlendirilmesi. 07.04.2024 https://www.thd.org.tr/thdData/userfiles/file/2007thtk_12.pdf.
Türk Toraks Derneği. (Ekim 2014) Preoperatif değerlendirme uzlaşı raporu. Preoperatif Pulmoner Değerlendirme. 12.04.2024
Ulubay, G. (2012). Kardiyopulmoner Egzersiz Testlerinin Klinik Kullanımı.Turkiye Klinikleri Arch Lung 13(Suppl),574-80
Weimann, A., Braga, M., Carli, F., Higashiguchi, T., Hübner, M., Klek, S., ve diğer (2021). ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clinical Nutrition, 40(7), 4745-4761.
World Health Organisation (2011) Haemoglobin concentrations or the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. 12.04.2024 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/85839/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.1_eng.pdf?sequence=22
Yavuz, M.(2022). Ameliyat Öncesi Bakım. Karadakovan A., Eti Aslan F.(Ed) Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalarda Bakım içinde 295. Akademisyen Kitabevi
Referanslar
Abunnaja, S., Cuviello, A., & Sanchez, J. A. (2013). Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period: state of the art. Nutrients, 5(2), 608-623.
Aksu, H. (2022). Beslenme tarama araçları. IDUHeS, 5(1), 87-105
Altman, A. D., Helpman, L., McGee, J., Samouëlian, V., Auclair, M. H., Brar, H., ve diğer(2019). Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada’s Communities of Practice in ERAS and Venous Thromboembolism Enhanced recovery after surgery: implementing a new standard of surgical care. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne, 191(17), E469–E475.
American Society of Anesthesiologist. (December 13 2020). Statement on ASA Physical Status Classification System.12.04.2024. https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-practice-parameters/statement-on-asa-physical- status-classification-system
Ayar, Y., Ersoy, A., Düğer, H., Çağatay, A. K., Göçken, A., & Yavuz, M. (2015). Akut Böbrek Hasarında Mortalitede Öncül Faktörler. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, 16(3), 192-197.
Blixt, C., Ahlstedt, C., Ljungqvist, O., Isaksson, B., Kalman, S., & Rooyackers, O. (2012). The effect of perioperative glucose control on postoperative insulin resistance. Clinical nutrition, 31(5), 676-681.
Bozdoğan, Ş. N., & Koçaşlı, S. (2022). Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileşme (Eras) Protokolleri Çerçevesinde Cerrahi Hastasında Malnütrisyon. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 85-100.
British Thoracic Society (May 11, 2020) British Thoracic Society Guidance on Respiratory Follow Up of Patients with a Clinico-Radiological Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia. 01.04.2024. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/document-library/qualityimprovement/covid-19/resp-follow-up-guidance-post-covid-pneumonia/
Brown, D., & Xhaja, A. (2018). Nursing perspectives on enhanced recovery after surgery. Surgical Clinics, 98(6), 1211-1221.
Carli, F. (2015). Physiologic considerations of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs: implications of the stress response. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, 62(2), 110.
Centre of Preoperative Care U (June 2021) Preoperative Assessment and Optimisation for Adult Surgery including consideration of COVID-19 and its implications. 04.04.2024 https://cpoc.org.uk/sites/cpoc/files/documents/2021-06/Preoperative%20assessment%20and%20optimisation%20guidance.pdf
Ceylan, E. (2014). Kardiyopulmoner egzersiz testleri. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations. 5 (3), 504-509 .
Chatterjee, S., Rudra, A., & Sengupta, S. (2011). Current concepts in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology research and practice, 1-11.
Daabiss, M. (2011). American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification. Indian J Anaesth. Mar; 55(2), 111-5.
Doyle, D.J., Hendrix, J.M., & Garmon, E.H. (Auguts 17 2023). American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 12.04.2024. https://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441940
ERAS Türkiye Derneği, ERAS protokolü postoperatif bulantı kusmayı önleme ve tedavi yönetimi. 07.04.2024 https://eras.org.tr/public/files/ERAS_POBK_prootokol.pdf
ERAS Türkiye Derneği. ERAS protokollerinin temel ögeleri 10.04.2024 https://eras.org.tr/page.php?id=10
Erce,J.A.G., & Morales, M.J.L. (2017). Patient blood management» in the enhanced recovery program after abdominal surgery. Cirugia espanola, 95.9, 552-554.
Erdim, A., & Aktan, A. Ö. (2017). Evaluation of perioperative nutritional status with subjective global assessment method in patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Turkish journal of surgery, 33(4), 253.
Eti Aslan, F. (2002). Ağrı Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. C.Ü. Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 6(1), 9-16.
Feldheiser, A., Aziz, O., Baldini, G., Cox, B. P. B. W., Fearon, K. C. H., Feldman, L. S., ve diğer (2016). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(3), 289-334.
Gan, S., Yu, Y., Wu, J., Tang, X., Zheng, Y., Wang, M., & Zhu, S. (2020). Preoperative assessment of cognitive function and risk assessment of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with orthopedics: a cross-sectional study. BMC anesthesiology, 20, 1-10.
Gan, T. J., Belani, K. G., Bergese, S., Chung, F., Diemunsch, P., Habib, A. S., ve diğer (2020). Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 131(2), 411- 448.
Girish, M., Trayner Jr, E., Dammann, O., Pinto-Plata, V., & Celli, B. (2001). Symptom-limited stair climbing as a predictor of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after high-risk surgery. Chest, 120(4), 1147-1151.
Goldberg, D. S., & McGee, S. J. (2011). Pain as a global public health priority. BMC public health, 11, 1-5.
Gustafsson, U. O., Scott, M. J., Hubner, M., Nygren, J., Demartines, N., Francis, N., ... & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations: 2018. World journal of surgery, 43, 659-695.
Gustafsson, U. O., Scott, M. J., Schwenk, W., Demartines, N., Roulin, D., Francis, N., ve diğer (2013). Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. World journal of surgery, 37, 259- 284.
Hendry, P.O,.van Dam, R.M., Bukkems, S.F., McKeown, D.W., Parks, R.W., Preston, T. ve diğer (2010) Randomized clinical trial of laxatives and oral nutritional supplements within an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol following liver resection. Br J Surg 97(8):1198–1206
Iqbal, U., Green, J. B., Patel, S., Tong, Y., Zebrower, M., Kaye, A. D., ve diğer. (2019). Preoperative patient preparation in enhanced recovery pathways. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, 35(Suppl 1), S14-S23.
Joliat, G. R., Kobayashi, K., Hasegawa, K., Thomson, J. E., Padbury, R., Scott, M., ve diğer. (2023). Guidelines for perioperative care for liver surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations 2022. World journal of surgery, 47(1), 11-34.
Joshi, G. P., & Kehlet, H. (2019). Postoperative pain management in the era of ERAS: an overview. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 33(3), 259-267.
Kaka, A. S., Zhao, S., Ozer, E., Agrawal, A., Kang, S., Rocco, J., Carrau, R., Teknos, T., Clapp, J. D., Weed, H., & Old, M. O. (2017). Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Following Head and Neck Surgery Among Patients Who Contract to Abstain From Alcohol vs Patients Who Abuse Alcohol. JAMA otolaryngology, head & neck surgery, 143(12), 1181–1186.
Karst, C. Magnesium Sulfate Effectiveness for ERAS Protocols. 12.04.2024 https://sigma.nursingrepository org/bitstream/handle/10755/21748/Abstract.pdf?-sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Lindemann, K., Danbolt, S. H., Ramberg, L., Eyjólfsdóttir, B., Wang, Y. Y., Heli-Haugestøl, A. G., ve diğer (2023). Patient-reported nausea after implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for gynae- oncology patients. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, 33(8).
Ljungqvist, O., Scott, M., & Fearon, K. C. (2017). Enhanced recovery after surgery: a review. JAMA surgery, 152(3), 292-298.
Ljungqvist, O., & Hubner, M. (2018). Enhanced recovery after surgery—ERAS—principles, practice and feasibility in the elderly. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 30, 249-252.
Low, D. E., Allum, W., De Manzoni, G., Ferri, L., Immanuel, A., Kuppusamy, M., ... & Ljungqvist, O. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in esophagectomy: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World journal of surgery, 43, 299- 330.
Nelson, G., Bakkum-Gamez, J., Kalogera, E., Glaser, G., Altman, A., Meyer, L. A., Taylor, J. S., Iniesta, M., Lasala, J., Mena, G., Scott, M., Gillis, C., Elias, K., Wijk, L., Huang, J., Nygren, J., Ljungqvist, O., Ramirez, P. T., & Dowdy, S. C. (2019). Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society, 29(4), 651–668.
Öztürk, M., Balcı, F., Durmuş, Y. E., & Güngör, A. (2022). Beyin ve Sinir Cerrahisinde ERAS Protokollerinin Kullanımı. Türk Nöroşir Derg 32(2):278-286, 2022
Peden, C. J., Aggarwal, G., Aitken, R. J., Anderson, I. D., Bang Foss, N., Cooper, Z., ve diğer. (2021). Guidelines for perioperative care for emergency laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations: part 1—preoperative: diagnosis, rapid assessment and optimization. World journal of surgery, 45(5), 1272-1290.
Pędziwiatr, M., Mavrikis, J., Witowski, J., Adamos, A., Major, P., Nowakowski, M., & Budzyński, A. (2018). Current status of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in gastrointestinal surgery. Medical Oncology, 35, 1-8.
Solmaz, F. A., & Kirdemir, P. (2020). Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and anesthesia. Acta Medica Alanya, 4(1), 95-101.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Ordu İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü. (14 Şubat 2019) Evde sağlık hizmetleri nütrisyonel risk skoru (NRS-2002) değerlendirme formu. 12.04.2024 https://dosyaism.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/61768/0/nutrisyonel-risk-skoru-nrs-2002-degerlendirme-formu0pdf.pdf
Türk Anesteziyoloji Derneği, Postoperatif ağrı tedavisi. Türk Anesteziyoloji Derneği (TARD) Anestezi Uygulama Kılavuzları, 2006. Erişim: http://www.tard.org.tr/assets/kilavuz/7.pdf.
Türk Hematoloji Derneği. Perioperatif Hemostaz Değerlendirilmesi. 07.04.2024 https://www.thd.org.tr/thdData/userfiles/file/2007thtk_12.pdf.
Türk Toraks Derneği. (Ekim 2014) Preoperatif değerlendirme uzlaşı raporu. Preoperatif Pulmoner Değerlendirme. 12.04.2024
Ulubay, G. (2012). Kardiyopulmoner Egzersiz Testlerinin Klinik Kullanımı.Turkiye Klinikleri Arch Lung 13(Suppl),574-80
Weimann, A., Braga, M., Carli, F., Higashiguchi, T., Hübner, M., Klek, S., ve diğer (2021). ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clinical Nutrition, 40(7), 4745-4761.
World Health Organisation (2011) Haemoglobin concentrations or the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. 12.04.2024 https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/85839/WHO_NMH_NHD_MNM_11.1_eng.pdf?sequence=22
Yavuz, M.(2022). Ameliyat Öncesi Bakım. Karadakovan A., Eti Aslan F.(Ed) Dahili ve Cerrahi Hastalarda Bakım içinde 295. Akademisyen Kitabevi
