Çocuklar ve Genç Erişkinlerde Görülen İntraoral Mukozal Lezyonlar
Özet
Pediatrik popülasyonda ve genç erişkinlerde ağız boşluğundaki yumuşak dokularda meydana gelen intraoral mukozal lezyonların etiyolojilerini, klinik göstergelerini ve tedavi alternatiflerini sentezleyen bu bilimsel derleme, gelişimsel, neoplastik, enfeksiyöz, travmatik ve inflamatuar kökenli patolojileri detaylandırmaktadır. İnceleme kapsamında, mekanik travmaların tetiklediği mukoseller, diş sürmesi öncesinde beliren erüpsiyon kistleri, yenidoğanlarda gözlenen Epstein incileri, Bohn nodülleri ile dental lamina kistleri ve nadir bir benign tümör olan konjenital epulis yapısal ve klinik boyutlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Enfeksiyöz tarafta ise HSV-1 kaynaklı primer herpetik gingivostomatit ile immün yetersizlik veya antibiyotik kullanımıyla gelişen orofaringeal kandidiyazis tabloları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca tükürük bezi tıkanıklıklarına bağlı ranulalar, lokal irritanlara reaktif vasküler piyojenik granülomlar, kronik irritasyon kaynaklı fibromalar ve latent HSV-1 enfeksiyonunun reaktivasyonuyla oluşan rekürrent oral herpes ile herpes labialis lezyonlarının ayırıcı tanıları ve güncel klinik yönetimleri sunulmaktadır. Benign karakterdeki bu patolojilerin yönetiminde doğru anamnez ve klinik muayene kritik rol oynamakta; tedavi stratejileri ise lezyonun spesifik türüne göre takip, semptomatik destek, medikal yaklaşımlar, lazer ablasyonu veya cerrahi eksizyon seçeneklerini barındırmaktadır.
Synthesizing the etiologies, clinical indicators, and treatment alternatives of intraoral mucosal lesions occurring in the soft tissues of the oral cavity in the pediatric population and young adults, this scientific review details pathologies of developmental, neoplastic, infectious, traumatic, and inflammatory origin. Within the scope of the study, mucoceles triggered by mechanical traumas, eruption cysts appearing before tooth eruption, Epstein pearls, Bohn nodules, and dental lamina cysts observed in newborns, as well as congenital epulis, which is a rare benign tumor, are discussed with their structural and clinical dimensions. On the infectious side, primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by HSV-1 and oropharyngeal candidiasis tables developing due to immune insufficiency or antibiotic use are examined. Furthermore, differential diagnoses and current clinical management of ranulas related to salivary gland obstructions, vascular pyogenic granulomas reactive to local irritants, fibromas of chronic irritation origin, and recurrent oral herpes and herpes labialis lesions formed by the reactivation of latent HSV-1 infection are presented. Correct anamnesis and clinical examination play a critical role in managing these benign pathologies; treatment strategies include monitoring, symptomatic support, medical approaches, laser ablation, or surgical excision options depending on the specific type of the lesion.
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