İleri Yaş ve Nazogastrik Beslenme Zemininde Psödomembranöz Kolit: C. Difficile Enfeksiyonu Olgusu

Czepiel J, Dróżdż M, Pituch H, et al. Clostridium difficile infection: review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38(7):1211-1221. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03539-6

Guh AY, Mu Y, Winston LG, et al. Trends in U.S. burden of Clostridioides difficile infection and outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1320-1330. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1910215

Leffler DA, Lamont JT. Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1539-1548. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1403772

Smits WK, Lyras D, Lacy DB, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Clostridium difficile infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16020. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.20

Davies KA, Longshaw CM, Davis GL, et al. Underdiagnosis of Clostridium difficile across Europe: EUCLID study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(12):1208-1219. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70991-0

Rupnik M, Wilcox MH, Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(7):526-536. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2164

Abou Chakra CN, Pepin J, Sirard S, Valiquette L. Risk factors for recurrence, complications and mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098400

McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(7):987-994. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy149

Johnson S, Lavergne V, Skinner AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline: 2021 focused update. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(5):e1029-e1044. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab549

Ofori E, Ramai D, Dhawan M, Mustafa F, Gasparis A, Reddy M. Community-acquired Clostridium difficile: epidemiology, ribotype, risk factors, outcomes. J Hosp Infect. 2018;99(4):436-442. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2018.03.028

Banawas SS. Clostridium difficile infections: a global overview of drug sensitivity and resistance mechanisms. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:8414257. doi:10.1155/2018/8414257

Bartlett JG. Clinical practice. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(5):334-339. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp011603

Khanna S, Pardi DS. Clostridium difficile infection: new insights into management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(11):1106-1117. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.016

Bauer MP, Notermans DW, van Benthem BH, et al. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey. Lancet. 2011;377(9759):63-73. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61266-4

Lessa FC, Gould CV, McDonald LC. Current status of Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55 Suppl 2:S65-S70. doi:10.1093/cid/cis319

Gerding DN, Johnson S, Rupnik M, Aktories K. Clostridium difficile binary toxin CDT. Gut Microbes. 2014;5(1):15-27. doi:10.4161/gmic.26854

Debast SB, Bauer MP, Kuijper EJ. ESCMID: update of the treatment guidance for Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20 Suppl 2:1-26. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12418

Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of C. difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(4):478-498. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.4

Mullane KM, Winston DJ, Nooka A, et al. Fidaxomicin prophylaxis in stem cell transplant. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(2):196-203. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy447

Wilcox MH, Gerding DN, Poxton IR, et al. Bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(4):305-317. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1602615

Quraishi MN, Widlak M, Bhala N, et al. FMT for recurrent/refractory C. difficile infection: a meta-analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(5):479-493. doi:10.1111/apt.14201

Deshpande A, Pasupuleti V, Thota P, et al. Community-associated C. difficile infection and antibiotics: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013;68(9):1951-1961. doi:10.1093/jac/dkt129

Allegretti JR, Mullish BH, Kelly C, Fischer M. The evolution of the use of faecal microbiota transplantation and emerging indications. Lancet. 2019;394(10196):420-431. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31266-8

Crobach MJT, Vernon JJ, Loo VG, et al. Understanding Clostridium difficile colonization. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(2):e00021-17. doi:10.1128/CMR.00021-17