Kalp Kateterizasyonu ve Anjiyografik Değerlendirme
Özet
Kalp kateterizasyonu, modern kardiyolojinin temel taşlarından biri olarak kabul edilmekte olup, erişkinlerdeki konjenital kalp hastalıklarının yönetiminde kritik bir rol oynar. Tarihsel kökenleri, Werner Forssmann'ın 1929 yılında kendi kol damarına kateter yerleştirmesiyle başlar. Günümüzde, kateter tabanlı girişimler yaygınlaşmış, minimal invaziv teknikler ve ileri görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılarak daha detaylı değerlendirmeler yapılmaktadır.
Kalp kateterizasyonu sırasında sağ atriyum, sağ ventrikül, pulmoner arter, sol atriyum ve sol ventrikül gibi yapıların basınçları ölçülür ve hemodinamik değerlendirmeler yapılır. Pulmoner arter wedge basıncı ve kardiyak debi gibi parametreler de ölçülerek kalp yetmezliği ve pulmoner hipertansiyon gibi durumların yönetiminde kullanılır. Kateterizasyon, koroner arter hastalığı, kalp kapak hastalıkları ve konjenital kalp hastalıklarının tanı ve tedavisinde kritik bir rol oynar. Anjiyografi ile kalp ve büyük damarların detaylı anatomik görüntülemesi sağlanır. Bu tekniklerin doğru uygulanması, hastaların tedavi sonuçlarını iyileştirir ve komplikasyon risklerini minimize eder.
Cardiac catheterization is considered a cornerstone of modern cardiology, playing a critical role in the management of congenital heart diseases in adults. Its historical origins trace back to Werner Forssmann's self-catheterization of his arm vein in 1929. Today, catheter-based interventions have become widespread, utilizing minimally invasive techniques and advanced imaging methods for more detailed evaluations.
During cardiac catheterization, pressures within structures such as the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, and left ventricle are measured, and hemodynamic assessments are performed. Parameters such as pulmonary artery wedge pressure and cardiac output are also measured, aiding in the management of conditions like heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Catheterization plays a critical role in diagnosing and treating coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and congenital heart diseases. Angiography provides detailed anatomical imaging of the heart and major vessels. The accurate application of these techniques improves patient outcomes and minimizes the risk of complications.
Referanslar
Marelli, A., Beauchesne, L., Colman, J., et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2022 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Interventions in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2022; 38(7): 862–96. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.03.021.
Nossaman BD, Scruggs BA, Nossaman VE, Murthy SN, Kadowitz PJ. History of right heart catheterization: 100 years of experimentation and methodology development. Cardiol Rev. 2010; 18(2): 94-101. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181ceff67.
Lee, M., Curley, G. F., Mustard, M., & Mazer, C. D. The Swan-Ganz Catheter Remains a Critically Important Component of Monitoring in Cardiovascular Critical Care. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2017; 33(1): 142–147. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.10.026.
Bouma BJ, Sieswerda GT, Post MC, Ebels T, van Kimmenade R, de Winter RJ, Mulder BJ. New developments in adult congenital heart disease. Neth Heart J. 2020; 28(Suppl 1): 44-49. doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01455-5.
Tailor, Neil, Ranjit Philip, and Shyam Sathanandam. "Cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease." Congenital Heart Disease. IntechOpen, 2018.
Miranda, W. R., Aboulhosn, J. A., & Hagler, D. J. Catheterization in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer for the Noncongenital Proceduralist. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2022; 15(9): 907–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.12.020.
Bhende VV, Sharma TS, Sharma AS, et al. Detecting and Quantifying Residual Intracardiac Shunts Using Oximetric Step-Up Methods: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus. 2023; 15(1): e33942. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33942.
Stout, K. K., Daniels, C. J., Aboulhosn, J. A., et al. 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019; 73(12): 1494–563. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1028.
Magder S. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Critical care clinics, 2015; 31(1): 67–87. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2014.08.004.
Bremer, F., Schiele, A., & Tschaikowsky, K. Cardiac output measurement by pulse dye densitometry: a comparison with the Fick's principle and thermodilution method. Intensive care medicine, 2002; 28(4): 399–405. doi:10.1007/s00134-002-1252-3
Sommer, R. J., Hijazi, Z. M., Rhodes, J. F., Jr. Pathophysiology of congenital heart disease in the adult: part I: Shunt lesions. Circulation, 2008; 117(8): 1090–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.714402.
Volodarsky I, Kerzhner K, Haberman D, Cuciuc V, Poles L, Blatt A, Kirzhner E, George J, Gandelman G. Comparison between Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Vascular Pressure Measured by Indirect Fick and Thermodilution Methods. J Pers Med. 2023; 13(3): 559. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030559.
Ottaviani, Giulia, and L. Maximilian Buja. "Congenital heart disease: pathology, natural history, and interventions." Cardiovascular pathology. Academic Press, 2022. 223-264.
Del Rio-Pertuz, G., Nugent, K., & Argueta-Sosa, E. Right heart catheterization in clinical practice: a review of basic physiology and important issues relevant to interpretation. American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2023; 13(3): 122–37.
Noble, S., Ibrahim, R. Percutaneous interventions in adults with congenital heart disease: expanding indications and opportunities. Current cardiology reports. 2009; 11(4): 306-13. doi:10.1007/s11886-009-0044-6.
Fox, J. M., Bjornsen, K. D., Mahoney, L. T., Fagan, T. E., & Skorton, D. J. Congenital heart disease in adults: catheterization laboratory considerations. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions, 2003; 58(2): 219–31. doi:10.1002/ccd.10433.
Topol, Eric J., and Paul S. Teirstein. "Textbook of interventional cardiology E-Book. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.
Gach, O., Davin, L., Lempereur, M., Marechal, P., Martinez, C., Lancellotti, P. Coronarographie diagnostique [Diagnostic coronarography]. Revue medicale de Liege, 2019; 74(S1): S17–S21.
Padalino, M. A., Pittarello, D. G., Vida, V. L., Stellin, G. "Minimally Invasive Approach in Surgery for Congenital Heart. " Cardiac Surgery Procedures, 2020; 69.
Gatzoulis, M. A., Webb, G. D., Daubeney, P. E. "Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease e-book. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2010.
Kern, Morton J., Paul Sorajja, and Michael J. Lim. "Cardiac catheterization handbook. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.
Bou-Chaaya, R. G., Zhu, Z., Duarte, V. E., et al . Percutaneous Structural Interventions in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: State-of-the-Art Review. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal, 2023; 19(3): 78–90. doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1219.
Jones, D. W., Stangenberg, L., Swerdlow, N. J., Alef, M., Lo, R., Shuja, F., Schermerhorn, M. L. Image fusion and 3-dimensional roadmapping in endovascular surgery. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2018; 52: 302-11.
Deo N, Anjankar A. Artificial Intelligence With Robotics in Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Its Viability in India. Cureus. 2023; 15(5): e39416. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39416.
Referanslar
Marelli, A., Beauchesne, L., Colman, J., et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2022 Guidelines for Cardiovascular Interventions in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease. The Canadian journal of cardiology. 2022; 38(7): 862–96. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.03.021.
Nossaman BD, Scruggs BA, Nossaman VE, Murthy SN, Kadowitz PJ. History of right heart catheterization: 100 years of experimentation and methodology development. Cardiol Rev. 2010; 18(2): 94-101. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181ceff67.
Lee, M., Curley, G. F., Mustard, M., & Mazer, C. D. The Swan-Ganz Catheter Remains a Critically Important Component of Monitoring in Cardiovascular Critical Care. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 2017; 33(1): 142–147. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.10.026.
Bouma BJ, Sieswerda GT, Post MC, Ebels T, van Kimmenade R, de Winter RJ, Mulder BJ. New developments in adult congenital heart disease. Neth Heart J. 2020; 28(Suppl 1): 44-49. doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01455-5.
Tailor, Neil, Ranjit Philip, and Shyam Sathanandam. "Cardiac catheterization in congenital heart disease." Congenital Heart Disease. IntechOpen, 2018.
Miranda, W. R., Aboulhosn, J. A., & Hagler, D. J. Catheterization in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer for the Noncongenital Proceduralist. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2022; 15(9): 907–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.12.020.
Bhende VV, Sharma TS, Sharma AS, et al. Detecting and Quantifying Residual Intracardiac Shunts Using Oximetric Step-Up Methods: A Prospective Observational Study. Cureus. 2023; 15(1): e33942. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33942.
Stout, K. K., Daniels, C. J., Aboulhosn, J. A., et al. 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019; 73(12): 1494–563. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1028.
Magder S. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Critical care clinics, 2015; 31(1): 67–87. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2014.08.004.
Bremer, F., Schiele, A., & Tschaikowsky, K. Cardiac output measurement by pulse dye densitometry: a comparison with the Fick's principle and thermodilution method. Intensive care medicine, 2002; 28(4): 399–405. doi:10.1007/s00134-002-1252-3
Sommer, R. J., Hijazi, Z. M., Rhodes, J. F., Jr. Pathophysiology of congenital heart disease in the adult: part I: Shunt lesions. Circulation, 2008; 117(8): 1090–9. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.714402.
Volodarsky I, Kerzhner K, Haberman D, Cuciuc V, Poles L, Blatt A, Kirzhner E, George J, Gandelman G. Comparison between Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Vascular Pressure Measured by Indirect Fick and Thermodilution Methods. J Pers Med. 2023; 13(3): 559. doi: 10.3390/jpm13030559.
Ottaviani, Giulia, and L. Maximilian Buja. "Congenital heart disease: pathology, natural history, and interventions." Cardiovascular pathology. Academic Press, 2022. 223-264.
Del Rio-Pertuz, G., Nugent, K., & Argueta-Sosa, E. Right heart catheterization in clinical practice: a review of basic physiology and important issues relevant to interpretation. American journal of cardiovascular disease, 2023; 13(3): 122–37.
Noble, S., Ibrahim, R. Percutaneous interventions in adults with congenital heart disease: expanding indications and opportunities. Current cardiology reports. 2009; 11(4): 306-13. doi:10.1007/s11886-009-0044-6.
Fox, J. M., Bjornsen, K. D., Mahoney, L. T., Fagan, T. E., & Skorton, D. J. Congenital heart disease in adults: catheterization laboratory considerations. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions, 2003; 58(2): 219–31. doi:10.1002/ccd.10433.
Topol, Eric J., and Paul S. Teirstein. "Textbook of interventional cardiology E-Book. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.
Gach, O., Davin, L., Lempereur, M., Marechal, P., Martinez, C., Lancellotti, P. Coronarographie diagnostique [Diagnostic coronarography]. Revue medicale de Liege, 2019; 74(S1): S17–S21.
Padalino, M. A., Pittarello, D. G., Vida, V. L., Stellin, G. "Minimally Invasive Approach in Surgery for Congenital Heart. " Cardiac Surgery Procedures, 2020; 69.
Gatzoulis, M. A., Webb, G. D., Daubeney, P. E. "Diagnosis and management of adult congenital heart disease e-book. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2010.
Kern, Morton J., Paul Sorajja, and Michael J. Lim. "Cardiac catheterization handbook. " Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.
Bou-Chaaya, R. G., Zhu, Z., Duarte, V. E., et al . Percutaneous Structural Interventions in Adult Congenital Heart Disease: State-of-the-Art Review. Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal, 2023; 19(3): 78–90. doi:10.14797/mdcvj.1219.
Jones, D. W., Stangenberg, L., Swerdlow, N. J., Alef, M., Lo, R., Shuja, F., Schermerhorn, M. L. Image fusion and 3-dimensional roadmapping in endovascular surgery. Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2018; 52: 302-11.
Deo N, Anjankar A. Artificial Intelligence With Robotics in Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Its Viability in India. Cureus. 2023; 15(5): e39416. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39416.
