Türkiye Sigorta Sektöründe Reasürans Uygulamalarının Finansal Risk Yönetimi Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Bu çalışma, Türkiye sigorta sektöründe reasürans uygulamalarının finansal risk yönetimi açısından önemini incelemektedir. Reasürans, sigorta şirketlerinin büyük ve beklenmedik hasarlarla karşılaştığında mali yapısını korumasına yardımcı olan bir sistemdir. Sigorta şirketlerinin beklenmedik ve yüksek tutarlı hasarları yönetebilmesi, sermaye yeterliliğini koruyabilmesi ve piyasada istikrar sağlayabilmesi için reasürans temel bir mekanizma olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, reasüransın türleri ve işleyişi, riskin dağıtılmasındaki rolü, finansal dayanıklılık üzerindeki etkileri ve Türkiye özelinde sektörel gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. Özellikle 1999 Marmara Depremi ve 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri gibi büyük afetler, reasüransın sektörel sürdürülebilirlik ve mali istikrar açısından kritik rolünü ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, alternatif risk transfer araçlarının Türkiye piyasasına entegrasyonu ile reasürans kapasitesinin güçlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, reasürans yalnızca risk transferi aracı değil, aynı zamanda sigortacılığın uzun vadeli büyüme ve dayanıklılığını destekleyen stratejik bir unsur olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
Referanslar
Aase, K. K. (2002). Perspectives of risk sharing. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, 2002(2), 73-128.
Acharya, V. V., Pedersen, L. H., Philippon, T., & Richardson, M. (2017). Measuring systemic risk. The review of financial studies, 30(1), 2-47.
Adams, M., Hardwick, P., & Zou, H. (2008). Reinsurance and corporate taxation in the United Kingdom life insurance market. Journal of Banking & Finance, 32(1), 101–115.
Akhisar, İ. & Acınan, H. (2016). Reasürans. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi
Barrieu, P., and H. Loubergé, 2009, Hybrid Cat Bonds, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 76: 547-578.
Cole, C. R., & McCullough, K. A. (2006). A reexamination of the corporate demand for reinsurance. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 73(1), 169–192.
Culp, C. L. (2002). The ART of risk management: alternative risk transfer, capital structure, and the convergence of insurance and capital markets (Vol. 142). John Wiley & Sons.
Cummins, J. D., & Barrieu, P. (2013). Innovations in insurance markets: hybrid and securitized risk-transfer solutions. In Handbook of insurance (pp. 547-602). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Cummins, J. D., & Venard, B. (2007). Handbook of international insurance: between global dynamics and local contingencies (Vol. 26). Springer Science & Business Media.
Cummins, J. D., & Weiss, M. A. (2009). Convergence of insurance and financial markets: Hybrid and securitized risk‐transfer solutions. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 76(3), 493-545.
EIOPA. (2022). European insurance overview, Annual Report 2022. European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority.
Erdik, M. (2001). Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Düzce (Turkey) earthquakes. In Structural control for civil and infrastructure engineering, 149-186.
Froot, K. A. (2001). The market for catastrophe risk: a clinical examination. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2-3), 529-571.
Hull, J. C. (2023). Risk management and financial institutions, 6th edition. John Wiley & Sons.
Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.
Mayers, D., & Smith, C. W. (1990). On the corporate demand for insurance: Evidence from the reinsurance market. Journal of Business, 63(1), 19–40.
Munich Re. (2023). Natural Catastrophe Review 2023: Loss Events Worldwide.
Nomer C. & Yunak H. (1998). Reasürans. İstanbul, Milli Reasürans Yayınları. Ceyma Matbaacılık.
OECD. (2021). Insurance and private pensions: Global insurance market trends.
Patrik, G.S. (2001). “Chapter 7: Reinsurance”, Foundations of Casualty Actuarial Science, 4th edition, Casualty Actuarial Society, Arlington, VA, pp. 343–484
Rejda, G. E., & McNamara, M. J. (2017). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance (13th ed.). Pearson.
Swiss Re Institute. (2020). Understanding reinsurance structures and their impact on capital.
Swiss Re Institute. (2022). Financial Condition Report 2022.
Swiss Re Institute. (2023). Natural Catastrophe Resilience Index 2023–2024. Swiss Re Resilience Index
Türk Reasürans A.Ş. (2022). Kurumsal Faaliyet Raporu 2022.
Türkiye Sigorta Birliği (TSB). (2023). Türkiye Sigorta ve Emeklilik Sektörü 2023 Raporu.
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan, T. M. (2014). Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance (11th ed.). Wiley.
World Bank. (2023). Turkey Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Report.
Referanslar
Aase, K. K. (2002). Perspectives of risk sharing. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal, 2002(2), 73-128.
Acharya, V. V., Pedersen, L. H., Philippon, T., & Richardson, M. (2017). Measuring systemic risk. The review of financial studies, 30(1), 2-47.
Adams, M., Hardwick, P., & Zou, H. (2008). Reinsurance and corporate taxation in the United Kingdom life insurance market. Journal of Banking & Finance, 32(1), 101–115.
Akhisar, İ. & Acınan, H. (2016). Reasürans. İstanbul: Filiz Kitabevi
Barrieu, P., and H. Loubergé, 2009, Hybrid Cat Bonds, Journal of Risk and Insurance, 76: 547-578.
Cole, C. R., & McCullough, K. A. (2006). A reexamination of the corporate demand for reinsurance. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 73(1), 169–192.
Culp, C. L. (2002). The ART of risk management: alternative risk transfer, capital structure, and the convergence of insurance and capital markets (Vol. 142). John Wiley & Sons.
Cummins, J. D., & Barrieu, P. (2013). Innovations in insurance markets: hybrid and securitized risk-transfer solutions. In Handbook of insurance (pp. 547-602). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Cummins, J. D., & Venard, B. (2007). Handbook of international insurance: between global dynamics and local contingencies (Vol. 26). Springer Science & Business Media.
Cummins, J. D., & Weiss, M. A. (2009). Convergence of insurance and financial markets: Hybrid and securitized risk‐transfer solutions. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 76(3), 493-545.
EIOPA. (2022). European insurance overview, Annual Report 2022. European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority.
Erdik, M. (2001). Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Düzce (Turkey) earthquakes. In Structural control for civil and infrastructure engineering, 149-186.
Froot, K. A. (2001). The market for catastrophe risk: a clinical examination. Journal of Financial Economics, 60(2-3), 529-571.
Hull, J. C. (2023). Risk management and financial institutions, 6th edition. John Wiley & Sons.
Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77–91.
Mayers, D., & Smith, C. W. (1990). On the corporate demand for insurance: Evidence from the reinsurance market. Journal of Business, 63(1), 19–40.
Munich Re. (2023). Natural Catastrophe Review 2023: Loss Events Worldwide.
Nomer C. & Yunak H. (1998). Reasürans. İstanbul, Milli Reasürans Yayınları. Ceyma Matbaacılık.
OECD. (2021). Insurance and private pensions: Global insurance market trends.
Patrik, G.S. (2001). “Chapter 7: Reinsurance”, Foundations of Casualty Actuarial Science, 4th edition, Casualty Actuarial Society, Arlington, VA, pp. 343–484
Rejda, G. E., & McNamara, M. J. (2017). Principles of Risk Management and Insurance (13th ed.). Pearson.
Swiss Re Institute. (2020). Understanding reinsurance structures and their impact on capital.
Swiss Re Institute. (2022). Financial Condition Report 2022.
Swiss Re Institute. (2023). Natural Catastrophe Resilience Index 2023–2024. Swiss Re Resilience Index
Türk Reasürans A.Ş. (2022). Kurumsal Faaliyet Raporu 2022.
Türkiye Sigorta Birliği (TSB). (2023). Türkiye Sigorta ve Emeklilik Sektörü 2023 Raporu.
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan, T. M. (2014). Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance (11th ed.). Wiley.
World Bank. (2023). Turkey Disaster Risk Management and Insurance Report.
