Deneysel Subaraknoid Kanama Modelinde Valproik Asidin Serebral Vazospazm Üzerine Etkisi

Weir B, Macdonald RL. Intracraial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. An overview. In.Wilkins DH,Regechary SS,eds.Neurosurgery.2 nd ed. New York.1996; 26: 91- 211.

Linn FH, Rinkel GS, Algra A, van Gijns. Incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Role of region, year and rate of compitorised tomography:A meta anlysis .Stroke 1996; 27: 625-9.

Pfohman M, Criddle LM. Epidemiology of intra cranial aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurologic surg 2001; 33: 39-40.

Hacıyakupoğlu S. Subaraknoid kanamanın medikal tedavisi. Temel Nöroşirürji. Türk Nöroşirürji Derneği Yayını 1997; 16: 1-32.

Kassell NF, Torner JC ,Haley EC Jr, Jane JA, Adams HP, Kangable GL.The İnternational co- perative study on the timing of aneurysm surgery ,Part I: Overall Management results. J Neurosurg 1990; 23: 18-36.

Findlay MS. Cerebral Vasospasm. Youmans Neurological Surgery eds: Winn RH, Vol II Chapter 2004; 109: 1839-67.

Kamezaki T, Yanaka K, Nagase S. İncreased levels of lipid peroxides as predictive of symptomatic vazospazm and poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2002; 97: 1302-1305.

Van Gijm J, Wij dicks EFM. Medical management of subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Adams HP , ed. Handbook of Cerebrovascular Diseases. New York: Marcel Dekker 1993; 64: 467-508.

Dumont A, Dumont R, Chow M, Linc L, CalisarellerT, Leg KF, Kassell NF. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage:Putative role of inlammation. Neurosurgery 2003; 3: 123-35.

Sobey CG, Faraci FM. Subarachnoid hemorrhage:What happens to the cerebral arteries? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998; 25: 867-876.

Youmans JR: Neurological Surgery, WB Saunders Co, Philedelphia 1990; 1644-1660

Findlay MS. Cerebral vasospasm Youmans Neurological Surgery eds: Winn RH,Vol II chapter 2004; 109:1839-67.

Ambrosio A.F, Silva AP, Araujo I, Malva JO, Carvalho AP, Carvalho CM.

Neurotoxic/neuroprotective profile of carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and two new putative antiepileptic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2000 ; 406:191-201.

Leker R, Neufeld MY. Anti-epileptic drugs as possible neuroprotectants in cerebral ischemia.Brain Research Reviews 2003; 42: 187-203.

Ashton D, Williams R, Wynants J, Van J, Marrannes R, Clincke G. Altered Na(+)channel function as an in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra:action of lubeluzole and other neuroprotective drugs.Brain Res 1997;745: 210-221.

Schievink WI. Genetics of intracranial aneurysms. In: Winn HR, ed: Youmans Neurological Surgery 5 th. Ed. New York. NY; Saunders 2004; 1769-79.

Çobanoğlu S, Hamamcıoğlu MK.Subaraknoid Kanamanın Tanısı,Epidemiyolojisi ve Evrelemesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Surg Med Sci 2006;16: 10-14.

Koçak A. Subaraknoid Kanamalar. Türkiye Klinikleri J Surg Med Sci 2007; 3(37):16-22.

Inagawa T. What are the actual incidance and mortality rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage? Surg Neurol 1997;47:47-53.

Vijay A,Santhenam R,Katusic ZS.Genetic Modification of cerebral arterial: Implıcations for prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Res 2006; 28: 759-68.

Bassi P, Bandera R, Loiero M, Tognoni G, Mongoni A.Warning signs in Subarachnoid hemorrhage: A cooperative study. Data Neurol Scand 1991; 84:277-81.

Hauerberg J, Andersen BB, Eskesen V, Rosenom J, Schimidt K. Importance of recognition of warning leak as a sign of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Acta Neurol scand 1991; 83: 61-4.

Blackwood W. Vascular disease of central nervous system . In: Greenfield’s Neuropathology. London: Edward Arnold 1971 ;71-137.

Rubinstein AA, Wijdiks E. Cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage;Current treatment options. Neurolog 2005; 7: 99-107.

Harrod CG, Bendok BR, Batjer HH. Prediction of cerebral vasospasm in patients Presenting with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2005; 98:633-54.

Hanta J, Hayashi M, Takeuchi H, et al. Time course of the impairment of cerebral autoregulation during chronic cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in primates. Neurosurg 1992; 76: 493-501.

Kassam A, Horowiftz M, Chag FY, Peters D. Altered Arterial Homeostazis and Cerebral aneurysms . Neurosurgery 2004; 78: 1999-212.

Khurana GV, Benarroch EE, Katosic SZ. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism.Youmans .In: Winn RH, ed. Chapter 86 Part II Philedelphia: Elsevier 2004; 467-94.

Le Roux PD, Winn HR. Surgical decision making for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. In; Winn HR, ed. Yumans Neurological Surgery. 5 th ed. Philedelphia. Saunders: 2003 ; 1793-812.

Soleski NJ, Haley CE, Kassell NF, et al. Medical complications of aneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage: A report of the cooperative study. Crit Care Med 1995; 6:1007-17.

Kassell NF, Shaffrey ME, Shaffrey CL.Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. In Apuzzo MED, ad. Brain Surgery : Complication Avoidance and management. New York , Churchill Livingstone 1992;.847-56.

Kassell NF, Pearless SJ, Durward QS, Beck DW, Drake CG, Adams HP. Treatment of ischemic deficit from vazospasm with intra vascular volume expansion and induced arterial hypertansion.Neurosurgery 1982; 11: 337-43.

Allcock JM.Arteriel spasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage :A clinical and Experimental study.Acta Radiol Diagn(Stockh) 1966; 5: 73-82.

Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, Chow MM, Lin CL, Calisaneller T, Ley KF, Kassell NF, Lee KS. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorhage: putative role of inflamation. Neurosurgery 2003; 53: 123-33.

Aydın MV, Caner H, Sen O, Ozen O, Atalay B, Cekinmez M, Altınors N. Effect of melatonin on cerebral vazospazm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res 2005; 27: 77-82.

Rubinstein AA, Wijdicks E.Cerebral vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage; current treatment options. Neurolog 2005; 7 :99-103.

Park S, Yamaguchi M, Zhou C, Calvert JW, Tang J, Zhang H. Neurovascular Protection Reduces Early Brain İnjury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2004; 35: 2412-2417.

Liszczak TM, Varsos VG, Black P. Cerebral arterial constriction after experimantal subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with blood components within the arterial wall. J Neurosurg 1983; 58: 18-26.

Rinkel GS, Wijdicks EF, Vermulan M, Hasan D, Brouwes PJ, van Gijn J.The clinical course of perimesencephalic non aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 1991; 29: 463-8.

Conway LW, McDonald LW. Structural changes of the intradural arteries following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1972; 37: 715-723.

Fisher CM, Kistler JP, Dawis JM. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorhage visualised by computorised tomographic scanning .Neurosurgery 1980; 6: 1-9.

Kassell NF, Helm G, Simmas N, Phillips CD, Coil WS. Treatment of cerebral vasospasm with intra –arterial papaverine . J Neurosurg 1992; 77: 848-52.

Zubhow AY, Ogihan K, Bernanke DH, Parent AD, Zhang J. Apoptosis of endothelial cells in vessels attected by cerebral vasospasm. Surg Neurology 2000; 53: 206-6.

Zhang Z, Nagata I, Kikuchi H, Xue JH, Sakai N, Sakai H, Yanamoto H. Broad-Spectrum and Selective Serine Protease Inhibitörs Prevent Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB and Cerebral Vasospazm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2001; 32: 1665-1672.

Shishido T, Suzuki R, Qian L, Hirakawa K.The role of süperokside anions in the pathogenesis of cerebral vazospazm. Stroke 1994; 25: 864-8.

Suzuki R, Masaoka H, Hirata Y, Marumo F, Isotani E, Hirakawa K.The role of endothelin-1 in the origin of cerebral vazospazm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhege. J Neurosurg 1992; 77: 96-100.

Pluta RM, Oldfield EH, Boock RJ.Reversal and prevention of cerebral vazospazm by intracarotid infusions of nitric oxide donors in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1997; 87: 746-51.

Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke:new opprtunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 819-834.

Freeman BA, Crapo JD.Biology of disease:Free radicals and tissue injury. Laboratory Investigation 1982; 47: 412-426.

Murakami K, Kondo T, Epstein CJ, Chan PH. Over expression of CuZn-süperoxide dismutase reduces hippocampal injury after global ischemia in transgenic mice. Stroke 1997; 28: 1797-1804.

Hinder RA.Oxygen –derived free radicals . Arch Surg 1991; 126: 104-105.

Janjua N, Mayer SA. Cerebral vazospazm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Curr Opin Crit Care 2003; 9: 113-119.

Kazuya A, Alexander Y, Zubkov , Lan B, John H. Therapeutic effect of caspase inhibitörs in the prevention of apoptosis and reversal of chronic cerebral vazospazm. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2002; 9(6): 672-677.

Wardas J.Neuroprotecrtive role of adenosine in the CNS. Pol .J Pharmacol 2002; 54: 313-26.

Chih-Lung Lin,Aaron S , Dumont, Calisaneller T, Kwan AL, Hwong SL, Lee KS. Monoclonal antibody against E selectin attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-İnduced cerebral vazospazm. Surgical Neurology 2005; 64: 201-206.

Ashwal S, Tone B, Tian HR, Cole DJ, Pearce WJ. Core and penumbral nitric oxide synthase activity during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 1998; 29: 1037-1046.

Megyesi JF, Vollrath B, Cook DA, Findlay JM. In vivo animal models of cerebral vasospazm: a review. Neurosurgery 2000; 46: 448-60.

Leker RR, Neufeld MY. Anti-epileptic drugs as possible neuroprotectants in cerebral ischemia. Brain Research Reviews 2003; 42: 187-203.

Vijay A, Santhanam R, Katusic ZS.Implications for prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm . Neurol Res 2006; 28: 759-68.

Sehba FA, Bederson JB. Mechanisms of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2006;37:2360–2366.)

Cahill J, Zhang JH. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: is it time for a new direction? Stroke 2009;40:S86–S87.)

Fujii M, Yan J, Rolland WB, Soejima Y, Caner B, Zhang JH. Early brain injury, an evolving frontier in subarachnoid hemorrhage research. Transl Stroke Res 2013;4:432–446.)

Chen S, Feng H, Sherchan P, Klebe D, Zhao G, Sun X, Zhang JH. Controversies and evolving new mechanisms in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol 2014;115:64–91.)

Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, Chow MM, et al. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: putative role of inflammation. Neurosurgery 2003;53:123–133.)

Provencio JJ. Inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed deterioration associated with vasospasm. Crit Care Med 2006;34:188–192.)

Göttlicher M, Minucci S, Zhu P, et al. Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors. EMBO J 2001;20:6969–6978.)

Kim HJ, Leeds P, Chuang DM. The HDAC inhibitor valproic acid protects against neuronal death. J Neurosci Res 2009;87:118–127.)

Xiong W, Wu J, Liu Y, et al. Valproic acid attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuroscience 2014;279:193–202.)

Friedrich V, Flores R, Muller A, et al. Microvascular thromboembolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2012;43:2923–2929.)

Macdonald RL, Weir BK. Endothelin and cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery 1991;29:315–318.)

Dorhout Mees SM, Rinkel GJE. Nimodipine in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:1029–1032.)