Çocuklarda Kabızlık Muayenesi

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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management. May 26,

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Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017 Jul. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 99.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554924/

Başarır Özkan, T. (2007). Çocuklarda fonksiyonel konstipasyon. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(2), 87-90. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/42039

Şahin Ş, Gülerman F, Köksal T, Köksal AO. Evaluation of Cases with Chronic Constipation in Children. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. Haziran 2014;8(3):117-123. https://www.tchdergisi.org/abstract.php

Rodriguez L, Ambartsumyan L, Baumgartner K, et al. American Gastroenterological Association-North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pediatric Functional Constipation Clinical Care Pathway. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. Published online April 2, 2026. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2026.03.003 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935596/

Yachha SK, Srivastava A, Mohan N, et al. Management of Childhood Functional Constipation: Consensus Practice Guidelines of Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Pediatric Gastroenterology Chapter of Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Indian Pediatr. 2018;55(10):885-892. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13312-018-1396-2

Nurko S, Zimmerman LA. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in children and adolescents. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(2):82-90. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0715/p82.html

Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(2):258-274. doi:10.1097/MPG.0000000000000266 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24345831/

Ho JMD, How CH. Chronic constipation in infants and children. Singapore Med J. 2020;61(2):63-68. doi:10.11622/smedj.2020014 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7052003/

Çocukluk çağında kronik konstipasyonun etiyoloji ve patogenezi, İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi 2013; 3(1):12-17, doi:10.5222/buchd.2013 https://jag.journalagent.com/behcetuz/pdfs/BUCHD_3_1_12_17.pdf

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Smith CA, Avansino J. Anorectal Malformations. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542275/

de Blaauw I, Stenström P, Yamataka A, et al. Anorectal malformations. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):88. Published 2024 Nov 21. doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00574-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39572572/

Wondemagegnehu BD, Asfaw SW, Mamo TN, et al. Incidence of associated anomalies in children with anorectal malformation: A 1-year prospective observational study in a low-income setting. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024;103(38):e39811. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000039811 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39312317/

Brenner DM, Shah M. Chronic constipation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2016;45(2):205-216. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2016.02.002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261895/

Bharucha AE, Pemberton JH, Locke GR 3rd. American Gastroenterological Association technical review on constipation. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):218-238. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.10.028 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23261065/

Basilisco G, Coletta M. Chronic constipation: a critical review. Dig Liver Dis. 2013;45(11):886-893. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2013.03.016 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23642775/

Tantiphlachiva K, Rao P, Attaluri A, Rao SS. Digital rectal examination is a useful tool for identifying patients with dyssynergia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8(11):955-960. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.031 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20621680/

Ihara E, Manabe N, Ohkubo H, et al. Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Chronic Constipation 2023. Digestion. 2025;106(1):62-89. doi:10.1159/000540912 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27261895/