Helicobacter Pylori Enfeksiyonu

Yazarlar

Onur Can Kılınç
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-5094

Özet

Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonu, kronik aktif gastritin başlıca nedeni olup peptik ülser hastalığı, gastrik adenokarsinom ve gastrik MALT lenfoma gelişimiyle ilişkili, klinik ve halk sağlığı açısından önemli bir enfeksiyondur. Güncel konsensus raporlarında H. pylori enfeksiyonu tedavi edilebilir bir enfeksiyon hastalığı olarak ele alınmakta; tanı konulan hastalarda uygun eradikasyon tedavisi, komplikasyonların önlenmesi ve mide kanseri riskinin azaltılması açısından temel yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu bölümün amacı, H. pylori enfeksiyonunun klinik önemini, tanısal ve terapötik yaklaşım ilkelerini ve hastaya aktarılması gereken bilimsel olarak doğru mesajları hasta bilgilendirme perspektifiyle özetlemektir. Hastalara verilmesi gereken temel mesajlar; enfeksiyonun sık görüldüğü, her zaman belirti vermeyebileceği, antibiyotik ve asit baskılayıcı tedavinin önerilen süre ve dozda tamamlanmasının gerekli olduğu, tedavi sonrası eradikasyonun doğrulanması gerektiği ve aile/çevre kaynaklı yanlış inanışların tıbbi değerlendirme yerine geçmeyeceğidir. Dispeptik yakınmaları olan hastalarda gastrointestinal kanama, demir eksikliği anemisi, progresif disfaji, inatçı kusma, açıklanamayan kilo kaybı, ileri yaşta yeni başlayan semptomlar ve ailede üst gastrointestinal kanser öyküsü gibi alarm bulguları varlığında gecikmeden hekim değerlendirmesi yapılmalıdır. Bu bölüm, klinisyenlerin standart, kanıta dayalı ve anlaşılır hasta bilgilendirmesi yapmasına rehberlik etmeyi hedefler.

Helicobacter pylori infection is the leading cause of chronic active gastritis and represents a clinically and public health-relevant infection associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric MALT lymphoma. In current consensus reports, H. pylori infection is considered a treatable infectious disease; in patients with a confirmed diagnosis, appropriate eradication therapy is regarded as a fundamental approach for preventing complications and reducing the risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the clinical significance of H. pylori infection, the principles of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and scientifically accurate messages that should be conveyed to patients from a patient-education perspective. The key messages that should be communicated to patients are that the infection is common, may not always cause symptoms, antibiotic and acid-suppressive therapy must be completed at the recommended duration and dosage, eradication should be confirmed after treatment, and misconceptions originating from family or social circles should not replace medical evaluation. In patients with dyspeptic complaints, prompt medical evaluation is required in the presence of alarm symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, progressive dysphagia, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss, new-onset symptoms at an advanced age, and a family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer. This chapter aims to guide clinicians in providing standardized, evidence-based, and comprehensible patient information.

 

Referanslar

Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, Rokkas T, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report. Gut. 2022;71(9):1724-1762.

Chey WD, Howden CW, Moss SF, et al. ACG Clinical Gui¬deline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2024;119(9):1730-1753.

Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64(9):1353- 1367.

International Agency for Research on Cancer. Population-ba¬sed Helicobacter pylori screen-and-treat strategies for gastric cancer prevention: guidance on implementation. IARC Wor¬king Group Reports, No. 12. Lyon: IARC; 2025.

Moayyedi PM, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2017;112(7):988-1013.

Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994. American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 1996;20(10):1161- 1181.

Chen YC, Malfertheiner P, Yu HT, et al. Global Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Incidence of Gastric Cancer Between 1980 and 2022. Gastroenterology. 2024;166(4):605- 619.

Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, et al. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2023;8(6):553-564.

Ozaydin N, Turkyilmaz SA, Cali S. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori in Turkey: a nationally-representative, cross-sectional, screening with the ¹³C-Urea breath test. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1215.

Yamaoka Y, Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori virulence and cancer pathogenesis. Future Oncology. 2014;10(8):1487-1500.

Wen S, Moss SF. Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gast¬ric carcinogenesis. Cancer Letters. 2009;282(1):1-8.

Correa P. Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process–First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Re¬search. 1992;52(24):6735-6740.

Black CJ, Houghton LA, Ford AC. Insights into the evaluati¬on and management of dyspepsia: recent developments and new guidelines. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2018;11:1756284818805597.

Homan M, Orel R. Are probiotics useful in Helicobac¬ter pylori eradication? World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015;21(37):10644-10653.

Yayınlanan

18 Ağustos 2026

Lisans

Lisans