Genotip Pozitif Fenotip Negatif Bir Olguda Miyokardiyal Kleft: Hipertrofik Kardiyomiyopati İle İlişkili Erken Yapısal Bir Bulgu
Özet
Hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati sarkomer proteinlerini kodlayan genlerdeki patojenik varyantlarla ilişkili, kalıtsal ve heterojen seyirli bir miyokard hastalığıdır. Genotip pozitif, fenotip negatif bireylerde tanı koydurucu sol ventrikül hipertrofisi bulunmamakla birlikte, bazı yapısal ve elektriksel değişiklikler preklinik dönemde saptanabilir. Bu olguda, çarpıntı şikâyeti ile başvuran, aile öyküsünde hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati bulunan ve genetik analizde MYBPC3 mutasyonu saptanan 30 yaşındaki erkek hasta sunulmaktadır. Elektrokardiyografide geniş QRS morfolojisi ile uyumlu intraventriküler ileti gecikmesi izlenirken, transtorasik ekokardiyografi ve kardiyak manyetik rezonans görüntülemede septal yerleşimli miyokardiyal kleft saptandı. Sol ventrikül duvar kalınlıkları tanı koydurucu eşiklerin altında bulundu ve hasta genotip pozitif, fenotip negatif olarak değerlendirildi. Bu olgu, hipertrofik kardiyomiyopati ile ilişkili genetik mutasyon taşıyıcılarında miyokardiyal kleftlerin erken dönemde yapısal bir bulgu olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ve eşlik eden elektriksel değişikliklerin düzenli izlem açısından önem taşıyabileceğini vurgulamaktadır.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited myocardial disease associated with pathogenic variants in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins and characterized by a heterogeneous clinical course. Although diagnostic left ventricular hypertrophy is absent in genotype-positive phenotype-negative individuals, some structural and electrical abnormalities may be detected in the preclinical period. In this case, we present a 30-year-old male patient who presented with palpitations, had a family history of HCM, and was found to carry an MYBPC3 mutation on genetic analysis. Electrocardiography revealed a wide QRS morphology consistent with intraventricular conduction delay, while transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a septally located myocardial cleft. Left ventricular wall thicknesses were below diagnostic thresholds, and the patient was evaluated as genotype-positive phenotype-negative. This case highlights that myocardial clefts may be considered an early structural finding in carriers of HCM-associated genetic mutations, and that concomitant electrical abnormalities may be relevant for regular follow-up.
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