Triküspit Kapak Septal Leaflet Kökenli Papiller Fibroelastom Olgusu
Özet
Papiller fibroelastoma, iyi huylu kardiyak tümörler içinde miksoma’dan sonra en sık görülen ikinci tümördür. Sıklıkla kırk yaş üzerinde ve özellikle erkeklerde görülür. Kalp kapakçığı endokardiyumundan köken alır ve kardiyak boşluklara doğru büyür. Çoğu hastada asemptomatik olup, sıklıkla inme, geçici iskemik atak, ani görme kaybı, akut koroner sendrom gibi embolik komplikasyonlar ile tanı konulabilir. Ayrıca bulunduğu yere göre, çarpıntı, senkop, efor dispnesi gibi nonspesifik semptomlara yol açabilir. Ekokardiyografi özellikle transözofageal değerlendirme, tanıda en önemli değerlendirme aşamasıdır. En sık olarak aort kapakçıkları tutulur. Ayırıcı tanıda vejetasyon, Lambl’s uzantıları, miksoma, kist, trombüs, leaflet fenestrasyonu, sarkom, metastatik tümör ya da nadiren de artefakt akla gelmelidir. Tedavi ile ilgili kesin bir konsensus olmamakla birlikte özellikle sol taraflı fibroelastomalar sistemik embolik komplikasyonlardan korunmak amacıyla cerrahi olarak eksize edilmelidir.
Papillary fibroelastoma is the second most common benign cardiac tumor after myxoma. It is frequently seen in individuals over forty years of age, particularly men. It originates from the endocardium of the heart valves and grows into the cardiac chambers. It is asymptomatic in most patients and is often diagnosed through embolic complications such as stroke, transient ischemic attack, sudden vision loss, and acute coronary syndrome. Depending on its location, it can also cause non-specific symptoms such as palpitations, syncope, and exertional dyspnea. Echocardiography, especially transesophageal evaluation, is the most important diagnostic step. The aortic valves are most frequently affected. Differential diagnosis should include vegetation, Lambl's excrescences, myxoma, cyst, thrombus, leaflet fenestration, sarcoma, metastatic tumor, or rarely, artifact. Although there is no definitive consensus regarding treatment, fibroelastomas, especially those on the left side, should be surgically excised to prevent systemic embolic complications.
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