Retinopat’nin Kardiyak Hastalıkları Tanımada Önemi

Yazarlar

Şahbender Koç

Özet

Hipertansif retinopati, sistemik hipertansiyonun retinal mikrovasküler yataktaki yansıması olup kardiyovasküler hedef organ hasarının önemli bir göstergesi olabilir. Bu olgu sunumunda, baş ağrısı nedeniyle acil servise başvuran ve kan basıncı 160/90 mmHg olarak ölçülen 55 yaşındaki erkek hasta sunulmaktadır. Kardiyoloji polikliniğinde yapılan değerlendirmede direkt oftalmoskopi ile retinal arterioler daralma ve arteriyovenöz çaprazlaşma bulguları saptanarak grade 2 hipertansif retinopati tanısı konuldu. Laboratuvar değerleri genel olarak normal sınırlardaydı. Elektrokardiyografide Sokolow-Lyon ve Cornell voltaj kriterlerine göre sol ventrikül hipertrofisi bulguları mevcuttu. Transtorasik ekokardiyografide sol ventrikül duvar kalınlıkları artmış, sol ventrikül kitle indeksi 168 g/m² olarak hesaplanmıştı. İzlemde atipik göğüs ağrısı tariflemesi üzerine yapılan koroner BT anjiyografide left anterior descending (LAD) orta segmentte yaklaşık %70 darlık ve diğer koroner segmentlerde aterosklerotik plaklar ile kalsifikasyonlar saptandı. Hasta invaziv koroner anjiyografiye yönlendirildi ve sorumlu lezyona perkütan koroner girişim ile ilaç salınımlı stent implantasyonu uygulandı. Bu olgu, grade 2 hipertansif retinopatinin yalnızca oftalmolojik bir bulgu olmadığını; sol ventrikül hipertrofisi ve koroner arter hastalığı gibi kardiyovasküler hedef organ hasarlarıyla birlikte bulunabileceğini göstermektedir. Direkt oftalmoskopi, hipertansif hastalarda ucuz, kolay uygulanabilir ve kardiyovasküler risk değerlendirmesine katkı sağlayabilecek değerli bir tamamlayıcı yöntem olarak kardiyoloji pratiğinde daha fazla dikkate alınmalıdır.

Hypertensive retinopathy is a manifestation of systemic hypertension in the retinal microvascular bed and may serve as an important indicator of cardiovascular target organ damage. In this case report, we present a 55-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department with headache and was found to have a blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg. During evaluation in the cardiology outpatient clinic, direct ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal arteriolar narrowing and arteriovenous nicking, consistent with grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy. Laboratory parameters were generally within normal limits. Electrocardiography demonstrated findings suggestive of left ventricular hypertrophy according to the Sokolow–Lyon and Cornell voltage criteria. Transthoracic echocardiography showed increased left ventricular wall thickness, and the left ventricular mass index was calculated as 168 g/m². During follow-up, the patient reported atypical chest pain. Coronary computed tomography angiography revealed approximately 70% stenosis in the mid segment of the left anterior descending artery, along with atherosclerotic plaques and calcifications in other coronary segments. The patient was referred for invasive coronary angiography, and drug-eluting stent implantation was performed for the culprit lesion by percutaneous coronary intervention. This case demonstrates that grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy is not merely an ophthalmological finding but may coexist with cardiovascular target organ damage, including left ventricular hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. Direct ophthalmoscopy is an inexpensive, easy-to-perform, and valuable complementary method that may contribute to cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patients and should be given greater consideration in cardiology practice.

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5 Ağustos 2026

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