Mesane Kanserinde Yeni Biyobelirteçler
Özet
Ürolojik malignitelerden olan mesane kanseri toplumda yüksek insidans, rekürrens ve mortalite oranlarıyla gözlenmektedir. Bu kitap bölümünde hastalığın epidemiyolojisi, etiyolojik faktörler, evrelendirilme, tanı testleri ve tanısında kullanılan yeni giren biyobelirteçlerle ile ilgili güncel literatür verileri kapsamlı şekilde incelenmiştir. Klasik tanı testlerinden sistoskopinin ve idrar sitolojisinin mesane kanserindeki klinik sınırlılkları nedeniyle yeni nesil biyobelirteçlerin kritik önemi vurgulamaktadır. Literatürde mesane kanserinde birçok fizyolojik süreçte yer alan bu yeni biyobelirteçlerin onkojenik transformasyonda da rol oynadığı gösterilmektedir. Mesane kanserinin erken tanısında, nüksünde ve kemo/immünoterapi cevabında yeni biyobelirteçlerle ilgili devam eden bilimsel çalışmalarda hücresel düzeyden klinisyenlere güncel veriler sunulmaktadır. Sunulan güncel verilerle yeni nesil biyobelirteçlerin mesane kanserinde hücresel sinyal yolaklarından hastaların klinik bulgularıyla birlikte temel ve klinik tıp bilimlerinde güncel rehberlerde önemli katkılar sunabilecekleri öngörülebilmektedir.
Bladder cancer, a urological malignancy, presents with high incidence, recurrence, and mortality rates in the population. This book chapter comprehensively examines current literature data regarding the epidemiology, etiological factors, staging, diagnostic tests, and newly introduced biomarkers used in the diagnosis of the disease. Due to the clinical limitations of conventional diagnostic tests such as cystoscopy and urine cytology in bladder cancer, the critical importance of next-generation biomarkers is emphasized. The literature demonstrates that these novel biomarkers, involved in many physiological processes in bladder cancer, also play a role in oncogenic transformation. Ongoing scientific studies on new biomarkers in the early diagnosis, recurrence, and chemo/immunotherapy response of bladder cancer provide clinicians with up-to-date data from the cellular level. With the current data presented, it is anticipated that next-generation biomarkers, along with cellular signaling pathways and clinical findings of patients, could make significant contributions to current guidelines in basic and clinical medical sciences.
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