Anestezikler, Analjezikler, Sedatifler
Özet
Bu kitap bölümü, öncelikle veteriner hekimliği lisans öğrencileri için hazırlanmıştır. Farmakoloji, hızla değişen bir bilim dalıdır ve bu kitap bölümü, güncel kaynaklara erişim ihtiyacı duyan pratisyen veteriner hekimler için de değerli olacaktır. Amaç, terapötik uygulamaların temeli olarak, farmakolojiyi açıklamaktır. Anestezikler, analjezikler ve sedatifler; olabildiğince sade bir dil ile ayrıntıda kaybolmadan yazılmıştır. Veteriner bilimleri alanındaki çoğu konu gibi, farmakoloji ve terapötik de türler arasındaki önemli farklılıklar nedeniyle karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu disiplinlerde sorun, daha da karmaşıklaşmaktadır; çünkü hem farmakolojinin temel ilkeleri, hem de terapötik alanının uygulamalı yönleri için veri tabanının büyük bir kısmı, insanlarda yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ilaçların etki mekanizmalarının insanlarda ve hayvanlarda benzer olduğu yaygın olarak görülmektedir ve birçok durumda, başlangıçta insanlarda kullanılmak üzere geliştirilen ilaçlar, veteriner tıbbında da yerleşik hale gelmiştir. Bunun tersi, yani ilaçların hayvan kullanımından insan kullanımına geçişi, daha az yaygındır; ancak bilinmeyen bir durum değildir. Bu kitap bölümünde; bir ilacın etkileri, sonuçları ve kullanımları ile ilgili veriler, insan çalışmalarından elde edilmiş ise bu husus belirtilmiştir; ancak okuyucu, bu bilgilerin hayvanlara uygulanabilme olasılığını ve o ilacın hayvanlarda kullanım potansiyelini gözönünde bulundurmalıdır. Farklı türlerde uygulanacak olan dozlar konusu, veteriner hekimlerin sıklıkla karşılaştığı bir başka sorundur. Çeşitli kaynaklar, doz miktarı konusunda genellikle çelişkili bilgiler vermektedir. Farmakoloji alanındaki bilginin hızla artması ve yeni ilaçların sürekli gelişmesi, gıda amaçlı hayvancılıkta kullanılan ilaçların kontrolünde sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Hem ilaçların bulunabilirliği, hem de mevcut ilaçların arınma süreleri sürekli değişmektedir ve reçete edilecek herhangi bir ilacın durumuna ilişkin bilgi sahibi olmak, veteriner hekimin sorumluluğu altında olmalıdır.
This book chapter has been prepared primarily for undergraduate veterinary students. Pharmacology is a rapidly evolving field, and this book chapter will also be valuable for practicing veterinarians who need access to current sources. The aim is to explain pharmacology as the foundation of therapeutic applications. Anesthetics, analgesics, and sedatives are discussed in as simple a language as possible, without getting lost in unnecessary detail. As with most subjects in the study of veterinary science, pharmacology and therapeutics are complicated by considerable species variation. The problem is compounded in these disciplines because much of the information bas efor both the fundamental principles of pharmacology and the applied aspects therapeutics is derived from studies in man. However, it is commonly found that the mechanism of action of drugs is similar in man and animals and in many instances drugs originally developed for use in man have become established in veterinary medicine. The converse, movement of drugs from animal use to use in man, is less common, but not unknown. In this book, where data relating to actions, effects and uses of a drug have been obtained from human studies, this point is noted but the reader should be aware of the possibility of applying the information to animals and the potential for the use of that drug in animals. The problem of doses to be used in different species is another which commonly confronts the veterinarian. Various sources often give conflicting information on dose size. The rapidity with which knowledge in pharmacology is growing and the continual evolution of new drugs present problems in the control of medications administered to food animals. Thus both the availability of drugs and the withdrawal periods for those which are available are constantly changing and an awareness of the status of any medication to be prescribed must remain the responsibility of the veterinarian.
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