Rektum ve Anüs Hastalıkları
Özet
Rektum ve anüs hastalıkları, hem pet hayvanlarında hem de çiftlik hayvanlarında sıklıkla karşılaşılan önemli sağlık sorunları arasında yer almaktadır. Atresia ani et recti ile rektovaginal ve rektoüretral fistüller gibi konjenital anomaliler, özellikle çiftlik hayvanlarında ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaları nedeniyle klinik açıdan önem taşıyan cerrahi olgulardır. Buna karşılık, anal keselerin yangısal hastalıkları ve perineal fıtıklar daha çok pet hayvanlarında görülmekte ve küçük hayvan cerrahisi pratiğinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu bölümde, rektum ve anüs bölgesine ait cerrahi hastalıkların etiyolojisi, klinik bulguları, tanı yöntemleri ve güncel tedavi yaklaşımları ayrıntılı olarak ele alınacaktır.
Referanslar
Khan S, Kalaiselvan E, Mohammed Arif Basha, et al. Surgical management of atresia ani et recti in a buffalo calf. Theriogenology Insight. 2019;9(2):73–76. doi:10.30954/2277-3371.02.2019.5
Cecen G. Rektum ve anüs hastalıkları. In: Görgül OS, ed. Özel Cerrahi. Malatya, Türkiye: Medipres Yayıncılık; 2012.
Polat E. Descriptive study of congenital anomalies encountered in ruminants in Elazig region of Turkey. FAVE – Ciencias Veterinarias. 2022;21:e0001. doi:10.14409/favecv.2022.1.e0001
Aksoy Ö, Kılıç E, Öztürk S, et al. Congenital anomalies encountered in calves, lambs and kids 1996–2005 (262 cases). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2006;12(2):147–154.
Gezer B, Erdoğan RB, Yılmaz M, et al. A case of simultaneously detected rectovaginal fistula and atresia ani in a kitten. Veterinaria. 2023;72(2):219–224.
Rahal SC, Vicente CS, Mortari AC, et al. Rectovaginal fistula with anal atresia in 5 dogs. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2007;48(8):827–830.
Fesseha H. Atresia ani et recti and its surgical correction in local begayit breed lamb. Journal of Veterinary Research and Advances. 2020;2(1):5–8.
Yener K, Hayat A, Yavuz Ü, et al. Radiographic, ultrasonographic and surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistula disease associated with atresia ani in ruminants. Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad del Zulia. 2024;34(1):1–8.
Ryu J, Kang SG, Yun J. Surgical repair of atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula in an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Journal of Veterinary Clinics. 2018;35(3):111–113.
Dubey P, Sangeetha P, Sharma A, et al. Congenital rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani et recti in a calf. Theriogenology Insight. 2015;5(2):135–138.
Durmuş AS, Polat E. Simental ırkı bir buzağıda atresia ani ve rektoüretral fistül olgusu. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;8(2):246–248.
Matthiesen DT, Maretta SM. Diseases of the anus and rectum. In: Slatter D, ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders; 1993:627–645.
Gölgeli Bedir A. Surgical management of congenital recto-vaginal fistula with atresia ani in a calf. Journal of Veterinary Case Reports. 2022;2:16–20.
Ziaullah, Anjum H, Shahzad AH. Case report of rectourethral fistula and atresia ani in a day-old Rottweiler puppy. Research Journal for Veterinary Practitioners. 2020;8(2):20–22. doi:10.17582/journal.rjvp/2020/8.2.20.22
Abdel-Hakiem M, Aref N. Prospective study on ano-rectal anomalies in neonatal farm animals. Journal of Veterinary Advances. 2012;2:595–604.
Phaneendra M, Lakshmi ND, Kumar KM, et al. Surgical management of congenital atresia ani (imperforate anus) leading to recto-vaginal fistula in a cow calf. IJEST. 2015;4:1110–1113.
Singh AP. Congenital malformations in ruminants: a review of 123 cases. Indian Veterinary Journal. 1989;66(10):981–985.
Loynachan AT, Jackson CB, Harrison LR. Complete diphallia, imperforate ani (type 2 atresia ani), and an accessory scrotum in a 5-day-old calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2006;18(4):408–412.
Aronson L. Rectum and anus. In: Slatter DH, ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, USA: WB Saunders; 2003:682–708.
Popovitch CA, Holt D, Bright R. Colopexy as a treatment for rectal prolapse in dogs and cats: a retrospective study of 14 cases. Veterinary Surgery. 1994;23(2):115–118. doi:10.1111/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00455.x
Arıcan M. Sığır Cerrahi Atlası. Konya, Türkiye: Damla Ofset; 2017.
Gopalakrishnan A, Dimri U, Joshi V, et al. A clinically rare occurrence of rectal mucosal prolapse associated with tenesmus in a calf caused by Eimeria sp. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2017;41(3):723–725. doi:10.1007/s12639-016-0877-z
Lee SG, Jeong SM, Bae S, et al. Inside-out anal sacculectomy in small dog breeds and cats. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;10:1105826. doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1105826
Hayes HM Jr, Wilson GP. Hormone-dependent neoplasms of the canine perianal gland. Cancer Research. 1977;37(7 Pt 1):2068–2071.
Erer H, Kıran MM. Veteriner Onkoloji. 8. baskı. Ankara, Türkiye: Ankara Atlas Yayınevi; 2023.
Sabattini S, Renzi A, Rigillo A, et al. Cytological differentiation between benign and malignant perianal gland proliferative lesions in dogs: a preliminary study. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2019;60(10):616–622. doi:10.1111/jsap.13062
Maita K, Ishida K. Structure and development of the perianal gland of the dog. The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science. 1975;37:349–356.
Hoskins JD. Anorectal disease tumors best treated complete surgical excision [Internet]. 2006 [cited 13 Dec 2025]. Available from: https://www.dvm360.com/view/anorectal-disease-tumors-best-treated-complete-surgical-excision
Hubers MWL, Vink JJWG, Brissot HN, et al. Outcome of surgical treatment of perineal hernia in cats: 36 cases (2013–2019). Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2022;63(10):776–783. doi:10.1111/jsap.13534
Swieton N, Singh A, Lopez D, et al. Retrospective evaluation on the outcome of perineal herniorrhaphy augmented with porcine small intestinal submucosa in dogs and cats. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2020;61(6):629–637.
Gill SS, Barstad RD. A review of the surgical management of perineal hernias in dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 2018;54(4):179–187. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6490
Hosgood G, Hedlund CS, Pechman RD, et al. Perineal herniorrhaphy: perioperative data from 100 dogs. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 1995;31(4):331–342.