Kanin Granulositotropik Anaplazmozis
Özet
Kanin granülositotropik anaplazmozis, köpeklerde başlıca nötrofilleri enfekte eden Anaplasma phagocytophilum tarafından oluşturulan, kene kaynaklı bir enfeksiyondur. Anaplasmataceae familyasına ait, zorunlu hücre içi ve gram-negatif bir bakteri olan bu etken, Ixodid türü keneler aracılığıyla transstadial olarak taşınmakta ve bulaşmanın gerçekleşmesi için kenenin konağa 36–48 saat süreyle tutunması gerekmektedir. Hastalık dünya genelinde yaygın olup, çok sayıda evcil ve yabani hayvanın yanı sıra insanları da etkileyebilen zoonotik bir özellik taşımaktadır. Klinik olarak ateş, iştahsızlık, kusma, ishal, topallık, lenfadenopati, splenomegali, sarılık ve epistaksis ile melena gibi kanama bulguları görülebilmektedir. En tutarlı hematolojik bulgu trombositopeni olup, buna sıklıkla lenfopeni ve nötrofil fonksiyon bozuklukları eşlik etmektedir. Tanıda, akut dönemde kan yaymalarında morulaların gösterilmesi, serolojik testler ve PCR gibi moleküler yöntemlerden yararlanılmaktadır. Serolojik pozitifliğin aktif enfeksiyonu her zaman yansıtmaması nedeniyle, tanı sonuçlarının klinik ve laboratuvar bulgularla birlikte değerlendirilmesi gereklidir. Tedavide doksisiklin başta olmak üzere tetrasiklin grubu antibiyotikler etkili olup, çoğu olguda kısa sürede belirgin klinik iyileşme sağlanmaktadır. Hastalığın kontrolünde düzenli ve etkin kene mücadelesi temel öneme sahiptir.
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