Kadın Yoksulluğu ve Ekonomik Eşitsizlik
Özet
Bu bölümde kadın yoksulluğu, makroekonomik göstergelerle temellendirilen yapısal bir şiddet biçimi olarak ele alınmış ve analitik çerçeve olarak kesişimsellik teorisi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle, OECD verileri ve işgücü istatistikleri ışığında kadınların işgücüne katılımı, istihdam dinamikleri ve cinsiyete dayalı ücret eşitsizlikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, yoksulluğun sadece finansal bir yoksunluk olmadığını; cinsiyet kimliğinin mekân, vatandaşlık statüsü ve engellilik gibi sosyal kategorilerle kesişimiyle derinleşen bir dezavantajlar sarmalı olduğunu göstermektedir. Yoksulluk ve travma arasında döngüsel, karşılıklı ve nesiller arası bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Yoksulluk, “yapısal şiddet” ve “kompleks travma” olarak bedenselleşirken; travma, yarattığı nörobiyolojik mirasla bireyin yoksulluktan çıkış için gereken bilişsel ve duygusal becerilerini engellemektedir. Bu döngü, görünmeyen emek, zaman yoksulluğu, ekonomik şiddet ve prekarya gibi mekanizmalarla yeniden üretilmektedir. Aile sisteminde ise yoksulluk, rol karmaşası veya ebeveynleşme gibi krizlere yol açarak kırılganlığın aktarımını sürdürmektedir. Dolayısıyla kadın yoksulluğu olgusu, bütüncül yaklaşımları ve çok boyutlu müdahaleleri gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bölümde, ekonomik veriler ve sosyal hizmetin mikro, mezzo ve makro düzeylerini entegre eden bir “Travma Bilgili Güçlendirme Modeli” sunulmaktadır.
This chapter conceptualizes women’s poverty as a form of structural violence anchored in macroeconomic indicators, employing intersectionality theory as its analytical framework. By analyzing OECD data and labor statistics, the study scrutinizes women’s labor force participation, employment dynamics, and gender-based wage disparities. The analysis suggests that poverty represents not merely financial deprivation, but a spiral of disadvantage intensified by the intersection of gender with social categories including place, citizenship status, and disability. Moreover, a reciprocal and intergenerational relationship exists between poverty and trauma. While poverty is embodied as “structural violence” and “complex trauma,” the neurobiological legacy of trauma compromises the cognitive and emotional capacities required to escape poverty. This cycle is reinforced by mechanisms such as invisible labor, time poverty, economic violence, and precarity. At the family level, poverty perpetuates the transmission of vulnerability by precipitating crises like role confusion and parentification. Consequently, addressing women’s poverty requires holistic approaches and multidimensional interventions. Accordingly, this chapter proposes a “Trauma-Informed Empowerment Model” that integrates economic data across the micro, mezzo, and macro dimensions of social work practice.
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