Kadın Refahını Anlamak: Kavramsal Çerçeve ve Sosyal Hizmet Perspektifi
Özet
Bu bölümde kadın refahı; toplumsal cinsiyet, kesişimsellik ve sosyal hizmet perspektifleri doğrultusunda kavramsal ve kuramsal bir çerçevede incelenmektedir. Kadınlığın yalnızca biyolojik bir kategori olmadığı; toplumsal, kültürel ve tarihsel süreçler içinde şekillenen dinamik bir sosyal konuma işaret ettiği vurgulanmakta, kadınların yaşam deneyimlerinin sınıf, etnisite, yaş, engellilik durumu ve diğer toplumsal konumlarla kesişen yapısı tartışılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ekonomik bağımsızlık, sağlık, güvenlik, eğitim, sosyal katılım ve güçlenme kadın refahının temel bileşenleri arasında ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca Sen’in yapabilirlik yaklaşımı ve Nussbaum’un yaklaşımı doğrultusunda kadın refahı; özgürlük, fırsatlara erişim ve bireylerin yaşamlarını şekillendirebilme kapasitesi bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bölümde kadınların çoklu eşitsizlik deneyimleri incelenmekte; insan hakları, sosyal adalet ve güçlendirme ekseninde sosyal hizmetin kadın refahının geliştirilmesindeki rolü mikro, mezzo ve makro düzeylerde tartışılmaktadır. Bu yönüyle bölüm, kadın refahına ilişkin temel kavramsal tartışmaları bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla ele alarak kitabın ilerleyen bölümleri için kuramsal bir zemin sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
This chapter examines women's welfare through the perspectives of gender, intersectionality, and social work within a conceptual and theoretical framework. It emphasizes that womanhood extends beyond a biological category and reflects a dynamic social position shaped by historical, cultural, and social processes. Women's lived experiences are addressed in relation to intersecting social positions such as class, ethnicity, age, disability, and other structural factors. Within this context, economic independence, health, safety, education, social participation, and empowerment are considered fundamental dimensions of women's welfare. Drawing on Sen’s capability approach and Nussbaum’s perspective, women's welfare is evaluated in relation to freedom, access to opportunities, and individuals’ capacity to shape their own lives. The chapter also explores women’s experiences of multiple inequalities and discusses the role of social work in promoting women’s welfare at micro, mezzo, and macro levels within the framework of human rights, social justice, and empowerment. In this respect, the chapter aims to provide a holistic understanding of women's welfare and establish a theoretical foundation for the subsequent chapters of the book.
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