Dijital Dönüşüme Bağlı İşe Yabancılaşma
Özet
Sanayileşme, makineleşme, otomasyon, seri üretim gibi gelişmeler, çalışma hayatını yıllar içerisinde büyük oranda değiştirip dönüştürmüştür. Ancak son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler çok daha hızlı ve büyük çapta olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla etkileri de aynı oranda büyük ve geniş çaptadır. İş yerlerinde yaşanan dijitalleşme ve bilgisayarlaşma, kullanılan sosyal programlar ve yapay zeka gibi uygulamalar, çalışanlara bir yandan hız ve pratiklik kazandırırken bir yandan da işleri üzerindeki hakimiyetlerine el koyarak işe yabancılaşmalarına neden olmaktadır. Emek ve emek sonucunda ortaya çıkan ürünün kontrolünün çalışandan ziyade dijital araçların elinde olması, karar verme, uygulama ve işi sonuçlandırma süreçlerinde çoğunlukla dijital teknolojilerin verilerini temel alarak hedefler belirlemek çalışanı işine yabancılaştırır. Böylece kişi kendisini pasif, güçsüz, yetersiz ve etkisiz görürken, yaptığı işi de anlamsız, faydasız ve kendi emeğinden ayrı bir varlık gibi görebilir. Bu sorunlar kişinin kendisinin ve iş yerinin de dışına çıkarak toplumun geneline sirayet ederek daha büyük sonuçlar doğurabilir. Bu nedenle dijital dönüşümün avantajlarından ve katkılarından en doğru şekilde yararlanmak için öncelikle sorunu doğru tespit edip, sürece doğru bir şekilde uyum göstermek ve sürecin insani yönünü asla göz ardı etmemek gerekmektedir. Bu şekilde dijital dönüşümün neden olabileceği işe yabancılaşma sorunu daha rahat gözlemlenip daha hızlı ve kalıcı olarak çözümlenebilir.
Industrialization, mechanization, automation, and mass production have significantly changed and transformed working life over the years. However, recent technological advancements have been much faster and more widespread. Consequently, their effects are equally large and far-reaching. Digitalization and computerization in workplaces, along with social programs and artificial intelligence applications, while providing employees with speed and efficiency, also lead to alienation from their work by seizing control over their tasks. The fact that control over labor and its resulting products is in the hands of digital tools rather than the employee, and that decision-making, implementation, and completion processes are largely based on data from digital technologies, alienates the employee from their work. Thus, the individual may see themselves as passive, powerless, inadequate, and ineffective, while viewing their work as meaningless, useless, and separate from their own labor. These problems can extend beyond the individual and the workplace, affecting society as a whole and leading to more significant consequences. Therefore, to benefit most from the advantages and contributions of digital transformation, it is essential to first correctly identify the problem, adapt to the process appropriately, and never disregard the human aspect of the process. In this way, the problem of work alienation that digital transformation may cause can be observed more easily and solved more quickly and permanently.
Referanslar
Akant, Y., & Deniz, D. (2025). The Moderating Role of Digital Leadership in the Association Between Remote Work Attitudes and Organizational Alienation. Studies in Psychology, 45(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2025-1696747
Almaryami, A. M. S. (2026). Manifestations and Effects of Job Alienation in Light of Digital Transformation: An Analytical Sociological Perspective. Comprehensive Journal of Humanities and Educational Studies, 2(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.93
Aydınlı, A., Erkasap, A., & Özcan, A. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin İş Tatminine Etkisinde İş Yaşam Dengesinin Aracılık Rolü. The Academic Elegance, 11(24), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1387836
Bodrožić, Z., & Adler, P. S. (2022). Alternative Futures for the Digital Transformation: A Macro-Level Schumpeterian Perspective. Organization Science, 33(1), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1558
Bozkurt, A., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Liman Kaban, A., Taşçı, G., & Aykul, M. (2021). Dijital bilgi çağı: Dijital toplum, dijital dönüşüm, dijital eğitim ve dijital yeterlilikler. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 35-63. https://doi.org/10.51948/auad.911584
Canbuldu, N. K., & Semerci, A. B. (2025). Dijital dönüşüm faaliyetleri ile işe yabancılaşma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide dijital liderliğin rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 277-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1583008
Capitani, E. (2025). Perspectives of Alienation in the Digital Labour Market. A Debate and Empirical Proposals between Philosophy, Sociology and Human Rights. IUS ET SCIENTIA, 11(1), 220-249. https://dx.doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2025.i01.11
Cummings, T. G., & Manring, S. L. (1977). The Relationship between Worker Alienation and Work-Related Behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 10(2), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(77)90053-7
Çark, Ö. (2020). Dijital dönüşümün işgücü ve meslekler üzerindeki etkileri. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 4(1), 19-34. https://izlik.org/JA65KJ43CA
Çoban, M. S., & Yılmaz, A. B. (2025). Dijital Liderliğe Yönelik Algılamanın İş Performansı ile İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2025(67), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1583744
Del Rowe, S. (2017, September 29). Digital Transformation Needs to Happen Now. CRM Magazine. https://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/Editorial/Magazine-Features/Digital-Transformation-Needs-to-Happen-Now-120789.aspx
Erikson, K. (1986). On Work and Alienation. American Sociological Review, 51(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095474
Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2016). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 114, 254-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
Fromm, E. (1982). Sağlıklı Toplum. Payel Yayınevi.
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation. Technovation. 102, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
Hanh, N. V. (2025). La alienación del trabajo en la era digital. Universidad del Zulia INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA Revista de Trabajo Social, 15(3), 843-856. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16915579
Hilbert, M. (2020). Digital technology and social change: the digital transformation of society from a historical perspective. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 22(2), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/mhilbert
Horowitz, I. L. (1966). On Alienation and the Social Order. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 27(2), 230-237. https://doi.org/10.2307/2105361
Höke, N., & Karaalp Orhan, H. S. (2025). Teknolojik Değişim, Dijitalleşme ve Uzaktan Çalışma: Genel Bir Değerlendirme. PARADOKS Economics, Sociology and Policy Journal, 21(2), 215-256. https://izlik.org/JA75MZ24AF
Karayaman, S. (2024). The Alienating Effect of Technology: Does Technological Innovation Cause Work Alienation. Journal of Management and Economic Studies, 6(2), 204-218. http://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2024.1418
Kocadaş, K. A. (2020). Teknolojik Yeniliklerin İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerine Etkileri. Sosyolojik Düşün, 5(2), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.826584
Kon, I. S. (1967). The Concept of Alienation in Modern Sociology. Social Research, 34(3), 507-528. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40969891
Lyzwinski, L. N. (2024). Organizational and occupational health issues with working remotely during the pandemic: a scoping review of remote work and health. Journal of Occupational Health, 66(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOCCUH/uiae005
Öztırak, M., & Orak, B. (2022). Uzaktan çalışma süreçlerinde dijital zorbalığın örgütsel dışlanmaya etkisi üzerine bir çalışma. BMIJ, 10(2), 605-630. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i2.2056
Pearlin, L. I. (1962). Alienation from Work: A Study of Nursing Personnel. American Sociological Review, 27(3), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089793
Sarfraz, H. (1997). Alienation: A Theoretical Overview. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 12(1-2), 45-60. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=547
Schallmo, D. R. A., & Williams, C. A. (2018). Digital Transformation Now. Cham (Switzerland): Springer Briefs in Business.
Seeman, M. (1967). On the Personal Consequences of Alienation in Work. American Sociological Review, 32(2), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091817
Seeman, M. (1971). The Urban Alienations: Some Dubious Theses From Marx to Marcuse. Journal oj Personality and Social Psychology, 19(2), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031270
Seeman, M. (1975). Alienation Studies. Annual Review of Sociology, 1(1975), 91-123. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.01.080175.000515
Sevimli, F., & İşcan, Ö. F. (2005). Bireysel ve İş Ortamına Ait Etkenler Açısından İş Doyumu. Ege Academic Review, 5(1), 55-64. https://izlik.org/JA73WB42TA
Seybolt, J. W., & Gruenfeld, L. (1976). The Discriminant Validity of Work Alienation and Work Satisfaction Measures. J. occup. Psychol, 49(4), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00345.x
Shantz, A., Alfes, K., & Truss, C. (2014). Alienation from work: Marxist ideologies and twenty-first-century practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(18), 2529-2550. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.667431
Shantz. A., Alfes, K., Bailey, C., & Soane, E. (2015). Drivers and Outcomes of Work Alienation: Reviving a Concept. Journal of Management Inquiry, 24(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615573325
Shepard, J. M. (1972). Alienation as a Process: Work as a Case in Point. The Sociological Quarterly, 13(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1972.tb00800.x
Yuill, C. (2011). Forgetting and remembering alienation theory. History of the Human Sciences, 24(2), 103-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695111400525
Wegner, E. L. (1975). The Concept of Alienation: A Critique and Some Suggestions for a Context Specific Approach. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388631
Referanslar
Akant, Y., & Deniz, D. (2025). The Moderating Role of Digital Leadership in the Association Between Remote Work Attitudes and Organizational Alienation. Studies in Psychology, 45(3), 372-393. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2025-1696747
Almaryami, A. M. S. (2026). Manifestations and Effects of Job Alienation in Light of Digital Transformation: An Analytical Sociological Perspective. Comprehensive Journal of Humanities and Educational Studies, 2(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.65420/cjhes.v2i1.93
Aydınlı, A., Erkasap, A., & Özcan, A. (2024). Dijitalleşmenin İş Tatminine Etkisinde İş Yaşam Dengesinin Aracılık Rolü. The Academic Elegance, 11(24), 375-399. https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1387836
Bodrožić, Z., & Adler, P. S. (2022). Alternative Futures for the Digital Transformation: A Macro-Level Schumpeterian Perspective. Organization Science, 33(1), 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1558
Bozkurt, A., Hamutoğlu, N. B., Liman Kaban, A., Taşçı, G., & Aykul, M. (2021). Dijital bilgi çağı: Dijital toplum, dijital dönüşüm, dijital eğitim ve dijital yeterlilikler. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 35-63. https://doi.org/10.51948/auad.911584
Canbuldu, N. K., & Semerci, A. B. (2025). Dijital dönüşüm faaliyetleri ile işe yabancılaşma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide dijital liderliğin rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 27(1), 277-302. http://dx.doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1583008
Capitani, E. (2025). Perspectives of Alienation in the Digital Labour Market. A Debate and Empirical Proposals between Philosophy, Sociology and Human Rights. IUS ET SCIENTIA, 11(1), 220-249. https://dx.doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2025.i01.11
Cummings, T. G., & Manring, S. L. (1977). The Relationship between Worker Alienation and Work-Related Behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 10(2), 167-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(77)90053-7
Çark, Ö. (2020). Dijital dönüşümün işgücü ve meslekler üzerindeki etkileri. International Journal Entrepreneurship and Management Inquiries, 4(1), 19-34. https://izlik.org/JA65KJ43CA
Çoban, M. S., & Yılmaz, A. B. (2025). Dijital Liderliğe Yönelik Algılamanın İş Performansı ile İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2025(67), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1583744
Del Rowe, S. (2017, September 29). Digital Transformation Needs to Happen Now. CRM Magazine. https://www.destinationcrm.com/Articles/Editorial/Magazine-Features/Digital-Transformation-Needs-to-Happen-Now-120789.aspx
Erikson, K. (1986). On Work and Alienation. American Sociological Review, 51(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095474
Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2016). The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 114, 254-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
Fromm, E. (1982). Sağlıklı Toplum. Payel Yayınevi.
Gong, C., & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation. Technovation. 102, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217
Hanh, N. V. (2025). La alienación del trabajo en la era digital. Universidad del Zulia INTERACCIÓN Y PERSPECTIVA Revista de Trabajo Social, 15(3), 843-856. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16915579
Hilbert, M. (2020). Digital technology and social change: the digital transformation of society from a historical perspective. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 22(2), 189-194. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/mhilbert
Horowitz, I. L. (1966). On Alienation and the Social Order. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 27(2), 230-237. https://doi.org/10.2307/2105361
Höke, N., & Karaalp Orhan, H. S. (2025). Teknolojik Değişim, Dijitalleşme ve Uzaktan Çalışma: Genel Bir Değerlendirme. PARADOKS Economics, Sociology and Policy Journal, 21(2), 215-256. https://izlik.org/JA75MZ24AF
Karayaman, S. (2024). The Alienating Effect of Technology: Does Technological Innovation Cause Work Alienation. Journal of Management and Economic Studies, 6(2), 204-218. http://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2024.1418
Kocadaş, K. A. (2020). Teknolojik Yeniliklerin İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerine Etkileri. Sosyolojik Düşün, 5(2), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.37991/sosdus.826584
Kon, I. S. (1967). The Concept of Alienation in Modern Sociology. Social Research, 34(3), 507-528. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40969891
Lyzwinski, L. N. (2024). Organizational and occupational health issues with working remotely during the pandemic: a scoping review of remote work and health. Journal of Occupational Health, 66(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/JOCCUH/uiae005
Öztırak, M., & Orak, B. (2022). Uzaktan çalışma süreçlerinde dijital zorbalığın örgütsel dışlanmaya etkisi üzerine bir çalışma. BMIJ, 10(2), 605-630. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i2.2056
Pearlin, L. I. (1962). Alienation from Work: A Study of Nursing Personnel. American Sociological Review, 27(3), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089793
Sarfraz, H. (1997). Alienation: A Theoretical Overview. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 12(1-2), 45-60. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=547
Schallmo, D. R. A., & Williams, C. A. (2018). Digital Transformation Now. Cham (Switzerland): Springer Briefs in Business.
Seeman, M. (1967). On the Personal Consequences of Alienation in Work. American Sociological Review, 32(2), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091817
Seeman, M. (1971). The Urban Alienations: Some Dubious Theses From Marx to Marcuse. Journal oj Personality and Social Psychology, 19(2), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031270
Seeman, M. (1975). Alienation Studies. Annual Review of Sociology, 1(1975), 91-123. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.01.080175.000515
Sevimli, F., & İşcan, Ö. F. (2005). Bireysel ve İş Ortamına Ait Etkenler Açısından İş Doyumu. Ege Academic Review, 5(1), 55-64. https://izlik.org/JA73WB42TA
Seybolt, J. W., & Gruenfeld, L. (1976). The Discriminant Validity of Work Alienation and Work Satisfaction Measures. J. occup. Psychol, 49(4), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00345.x
Shantz, A., Alfes, K., & Truss, C. (2014). Alienation from work: Marxist ideologies and twenty-first-century practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(18), 2529-2550. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.667431
Shantz. A., Alfes, K., Bailey, C., & Soane, E. (2015). Drivers and Outcomes of Work Alienation: Reviving a Concept. Journal of Management Inquiry, 24(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615573325
Shepard, J. M. (1972). Alienation as a Process: Work as a Case in Point. The Sociological Quarterly, 13(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1972.tb00800.x
Yuill, C. (2011). Forgetting and remembering alienation theory. History of the Human Sciences, 24(2), 103-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695111400525
Wegner, E. L. (1975). The Concept of Alienation: A Critique and Some Suggestions for a Context Specific Approach. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(2), 171-193. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388631