Gömülülük Sınıflamaları: Angulasyon, Derinlik, Ramus İlişkisi (Klinik Uygulama)

Achararit P, Manaspon C, Jongwannasiri C, et al. Impacted lower third molar classification and difficulty index assessment: comparisons among dental students, general practitioners and deep learning model assistance. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05425-4

Patel H, Pandya H, Dewan H, et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: An Institution-Based Retrospective Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2024;23(6):1485-1491. doi:10.1007/s12663-024-02118-3

Sifuentes-Cervantes JS, Carrillo-Morales F, Castro-Núñez J, Cunningham LL, Van Sickels JE. Third molar surgery: Past, present, and the future. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(5):523-531. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.004

Barone S, Bennardo F, Salviati M, et al. Concordance Analysis of Lower Third Molar Surgery Classifications: A Comparative Study. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12(6). doi:10.3390/dj12060167

Lima-Sánchez B, Hermida-Cabrera P, Montoya-Salazar V, et al. Estimating the Extraction Time of an Upper Third Molar: Proposal and Validation of Results. Diagnostics. 2024;14(18). doi:10.3390/diagnostics14182075

Ku JK, Chang NH, Jeong YK, Baik SH, Choi SK. Development and validation of a difficulty index for mandibular third molars with extraction time. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;46(5):328-334. doi:10.5125/JKAOMS.2020.46.5.328

Rezaei F, Imani MM, Khavid A, Nabavi A. Patterns of mandibular third molar impaction in an Iranian subpopulation. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2020;20:1-9. doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.099

Khouri C, Aoun G, Khouri C, Saade M, Salameh Z, Berberi A. Evaluation of Third Molar Impaction Distribution and Patterns in a Sample of Lebanese Population. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2022;21(2):599-607. doi:10.1007/s12663-020-01415-x

Akadiri OA, Obiechina AE. Assessment of Difficulty in Third Molar Surgery-A Systematic Review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009;67(4):771-774. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2008.08.010

Carter K, Worthington S. Predictors of Third Molar Impaction. J Dent Res. 2016;95(3):267-276. doi:10.1177/0022034515615857

Hashemipour MA, Tahmasbi-Arashlow M, Fahimi-Hanzaei F. Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars: A radiographic study in a southeast iran population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1). doi:10.4317/medoral.18028

Winter GB. Principles of Exodontia as Applied to the Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A Complete Treatise on the Operative Technic with Clinical Diagnoses and Radiographic Interpretations. American Medical Book Company. St. Louis. 1926.

Pell GJ, Gregory GT. Impacted mandibular third molars: Classification and modified technique for removal. Dent Dig. 1933;39:330-338.

Archer WH. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. WB Saunders. 1975.

Bali A, Bali D, Sharma A, Verma G. Is Pederson Index a True Predictive Difficulty Index for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery? A Meta-analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2013;12(3):359-364. doi:10.1007/s12663-012-0435-x

Sekhar MR, Singh S, Valluri R. Correlation of Variables for WHARFE Assessment and Pederson Difficulty Index for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery—A Prospective Clinical Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(3):502-506. doi:10.1007/s12663-020-01362-7

Yildirim H, Büyükgöze-Dindar M. Investigation of the prevalence of impacted third molars and the effects of eruption level and angulation on caries development by panoramic radiographs. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022;27(2):e106-e112. doi:10.4317/medoral.25013

Jaroń A, Trybek G. The pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and assessment of surgery difficulty: A retrospective study of radiographs in east baltic population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph18116016

Tetsch P, Wagner W. Operative Extraction of Wisdom Teeth. Wolfe Medical Publication; 1985.

Asanami S, Kasazaki Y. Expert Third Molar Extractions. Quintessence Publishing.1990.

Pinto AC, Francisco H, Marques D, Martins JNR, Caramês J. Worldwide Prevalence and Demographic Predictors of Impacted Third Molars—Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2024;13(24). doi:10.3390/jcm13247533

Alsaegh MA, Abushweme DA, Ahmed KO, Ahmed SO. The pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and its relationship with the development of distal caries in adjacent second molars among Emiratis: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02338-4

Fernandes IA, Galvão EL, Gonçalves PF, Falci SGM. Impact of the presence of partially erupted third molars on the local radiographic bone condition. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12729-w

Gbotolorun OM, Arotiba GT, Ladeinde AL. Assessment of Factors Associated With Surgical Difficulty in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007;65(10):1977-1983. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.030

Alvira-González J, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Quesada-Gómez C, Gay-Escoda C. Predictive factors of difficulty in lower third molar extraction: A prospective cohort study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e108-e114. doi:10.4317/medoral.21348

Sánchez-Torres A, Soler-Capdevila J, Ustrell-Barral M, Gay-Escoda C. Patient, radiological, and operative factors associated with surgical difficulty in the extraction of third molars: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(5):655-665. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2019.10.009

de Carvalho RWF, Vasconcelos BC. Pernambuco index: predictability of the complexity of surgery for impacted lower third molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(2):234-240. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.07.013

Kaleci S, Bellini P, Setti G, Melloni G, Ruozzi M, Consolo U. Correlation Between Angular Position and Pathological Changes in Impacted Lower Third Molars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel). 2025;13(3). doi:10.3390/dj13030129

Tai S, Zhou Y, Pathak JL, Piao Z, Zhou L. The association of mandibular third molar impaction with the dental and periodontal lesions in the adjacent second molars. J Periodontol. 2021;92(10):1392-1401. doi:10.1002/JPER.20-0424

Baykul T, Saglam AA, Aydin U, Basak K. Incidence of cystic changes in radiographically normal impacted lower third molar follicles. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(5):542-545.

Yıldırım G, Ataoğlu H, Mihmanlı A, Kızıloğlu D, Avunduk MC. Pathologic changes in soft tissues associated with asymptomatic impacted third molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(1):14-18.

Celikoglu M, Miloglu O, Kazanci F. Frequency of Agenesis, Impaction, Angulation, and Related Pathologic Changes of Third Molar Teeth in Orthodontic Patients. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010;68(5):990-995.

Marques J, Montserrat-Bosch M, Figueiredo R, Vilchez-Perez M, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Gay-Escoda C. Impacted lower third molars and distal caries in the mandibular second molar. Is prophylactic removal of lower third molars justified? J Clin Exp Dent. 2017:0-0. doi:10.4317/jced.53919

McArdle LW, Renton TF. Distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar: An indication for the prophylactic removal of the third molar? British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006;44(1):42-45. doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.07.025

McArdle LW, Patel N, Jones J, McDonald F. The mesially impacted mandibular third molar: The incidence and consequences of distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar. Surgeon. 2018;16(2):67-73. doi:10.1016/j.surge.2016.05.001

Galvão EL, da Silveira EM, de Oliveira ES, et al. Association between mandibular third molar position and the occurrence of pericoronitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;107. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104486

Nunn ME, Fish MD, Garcia RI, et al. Retained Asymptomatic Third Molars and Risk for Second Molar Pathology. J Dent Res. 2013;92(12):1095-1099. doi:10.1177/0022034513509281

Şimşek-Kaya G, Özbek E, Kalkan Y, Yapici G, Dayi E, Demirci T. Soft tissue pathosis associated with asymptomatic impacted lower third molars. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16(7). doi:10.4317/medoral.17128

Nguyen BNT, Nguyen-Le CT, Nguyen BLT, Le SH. Multivariable Analysis of Correlation Between Anatomical Features of Mandibular Third Molars and Pericoronitis. Int J Dent. 2024;2024(1). doi:10.1155/ijod/8260559

Bataineh A, Hazza'a A, Odat AA. Angulation of mandibular third molars as a predictive factor for pericoronitis. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2012;10(3):51-58.

Kumar M, Priscilla David M, Mysore Rajshekar V. Correlation of Pericoronitis and the Status of Eruption of Mandibular Third Molar: A Clinico Radiographic Study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 25(2):0-0. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10011

Yamalık K, Bozkaya S. The predictivity of mandibular third molar position as a risk indicator for pericoronitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2008;12(1):9-14. doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0131-2

Ryalat S, AlRyalat SA, Kassob Z, Hassona Y, Al-Shayyab MH, Sawair F. Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: Radiological perspectives. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0519-1

Achararit P, Manaspon C, Jongwannasiri C, et al. Impacted lower third molar classification and difficulty index assessment: comparisons among dental students, general practitioners and deep learning model assistance. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05425-4

Patel H, Pandya H, Dewan H, et al. Prevalence and Pattern of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: An Institution-Based Retrospective Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2024;23(6):1485-1491. doi:10.1007/s12663-024-02118-3

Sifuentes-Cervantes JS, Carrillo-Morales F, Castro-Núñez J, Cunningham LL, Van Sickels JE. Third molar surgery: Past, present, and the future. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(5):523-531. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2021.03.004

Barone S, Bennardo F, Salviati M, et al. Concordance Analysis of Lower Third Molar Surgery Classifications: A Comparative Study. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12(6). doi:10.3390/dj12060167

Lima-Sánchez B, Hermida-Cabrera P, Montoya-Salazar V, et al. Estimating the Extraction Time of an Upper Third Molar: Proposal and Validation of Results. Diagnostics. 2024;14(18). doi:10.3390/diagnostics14182075

Ku JK, Chang NH, Jeong YK, Baik SH, Choi SK. Development and validation of a difficulty index for mandibular third molars with extraction time. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;46(5):328-334. doi:10.5125/JKAOMS.2020.46.5.328

Rezaei F, Imani MM, Khavid A, Nabavi A. Patterns of mandibular third molar impaction in an Iranian subpopulation. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr. 2020;20:1-9. doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.099

Khouri C, Aoun G, Khouri C, Saade M, Salameh Z, Berberi A. Evaluation of Third Molar Impaction Distribution and Patterns in a Sample of Lebanese Population. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2022;21(2):599-607. doi:10.1007/s12663-020-01415-x

Akadiri OA, Obiechina AE. Assessment of Difficulty in Third Molar Surgery-A Systematic Review. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009;67(4):771-774. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2008.08.010

Carter K, Worthington S. Predictors of Third Molar Impaction. J Dent Res. 2016;95(3):267-276. doi:10.1177/0022034515615857

Hashemipour MA, Tahmasbi-Arashlow M, Fahimi-Hanzaei F. Incidence of impacted mandibular and maxillary third molars: A radiographic study in a southeast iran population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1). doi:10.4317/medoral.18028

Winter GB. Principles of Exodontia as Applied to the Impacted Mandibular Third Molar: A Complete Treatise on the Operative Technic with Clinical Diagnoses and Radiographic Interpretations. American Medical Book Company. St. Louis. 1926.

Pell GJ, Gregory GT. Impacted mandibular third molars: Classification and modified technique for removal. Dent Dig. 1933;39:330-338.

Archer WH. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. WB Saunders. 1975.

Bali A, Bali D, Sharma A, Verma G. Is Pederson Index a True Predictive Difficulty Index for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery? A Meta-analysis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2013;12(3):359-364. doi:10.1007/s12663-012-0435-x

Sekhar MR, Singh S, Valluri R. Correlation of Variables for WHARFE Assessment and Pederson Difficulty Index for Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery—A Prospective Clinical Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2021;20(3):502-506. doi:10.1007/s12663-020-01362-7

Yildirim H, Büyükgöze-Dindar M. Investigation of the prevalence of impacted third molars and the effects of eruption level and angulation on caries development by panoramic radiographs. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2022;27(2):e106-e112. doi:10.4317/medoral.25013

Jaroń A, Trybek G. The pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and assessment of surgery difficulty: A retrospective study of radiographs in east baltic population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11). doi:10.3390/ijerph18116016

Tetsch P, Wagner W. Operative Extraction of Wisdom Teeth. Wolfe Medical Publication; 1985.

Asanami S, Kasazaki Y. Expert Third Molar Extractions. Quintessence Publishing.1990.

Pinto AC, Francisco H, Marques D, Martins JNR, Caramês J. Worldwide Prevalence and Demographic Predictors of Impacted Third Molars—Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2024;13(24). doi:10.3390/jcm13247533

Alsaegh MA, Abushweme DA, Ahmed KO, Ahmed SO. The pattern of mandibular third molar impaction and its relationship with the development of distal caries in adjacent second molars among Emiratis: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02338-4

Fernandes IA, Galvão EL, Gonçalves PF, Falci SGM. Impact of the presence of partially erupted third molars on the local radiographic bone condition. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12729-w

Gbotolorun OM, Arotiba GT, Ladeinde AL. Assessment of Factors Associated With Surgical Difficulty in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Extraction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007;65(10):1977-1983. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.030

Alvira-González J, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Quesada-Gómez C, Gay-Escoda C. Predictive factors of difficulty in lower third molar extraction: A prospective cohort study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e108-e114. doi:10.4317/medoral.21348

Sánchez-Torres A, Soler-Capdevila J, Ustrell-Barral M, Gay-Escoda C. Patient, radiological, and operative factors associated with surgical difficulty in the extraction of third molars: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;49(5):655-665. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2019.10.009

de Carvalho RWF, Vasconcelos BC. Pernambuco index: predictability of the complexity of surgery for impacted lower third molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;47(2):234-240. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.07.013

Kaleci S, Bellini P, Setti G, Melloni G, Ruozzi M, Consolo U. Correlation Between Angular Position and Pathological Changes in Impacted Lower Third Molars: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dent J (Basel). 2025;13(3). doi:10.3390/dj13030129

Tai S, Zhou Y, Pathak JL, Piao Z, Zhou L. The association of mandibular third molar impaction with the dental and periodontal lesions in the adjacent second molars. J Periodontol. 2021;92(10):1392-1401. doi:10.1002/JPER.20-0424

Baykul T, Saglam AA, Aydin U, Basak K. Incidence of cystic changes in radiographically normal impacted lower third molar follicles. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;99(5):542-545.

Yıldırım G, Ataoğlu H, Mihmanlı A, Kızıloğlu D, Avunduk MC. Pathologic changes in soft tissues associated with asymptomatic impacted third molars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(1):14-18.

Celikoglu M, Miloglu O, Kazanci F. Frequency of Agenesis, Impaction, Angulation, and Related Pathologic Changes of Third Molar Teeth in Orthodontic Patients. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010;68(5):990-995.

Marques J, Montserrat-Bosch M, Figueiredo R, Vilchez-Perez M, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Gay-Escoda C. Impacted lower third molars and distal caries in the mandibular second molar. Is prophylactic removal of lower third molars justified? J Clin Exp Dent. 2017:0-0. doi:10.4317/jced.53919

McArdle LW, Renton TF. Distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar: An indication for the prophylactic removal of the third molar? British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006;44(1):42-45. doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.07.025

McArdle LW, Patel N, Jones J, McDonald F. The mesially impacted mandibular third molar: The incidence and consequences of distal cervical caries in the mandibular second molar. Surgeon. 2018;16(2):67-73. doi:10.1016/j.surge.2016.05.001

Galvão EL, da Silveira EM, de Oliveira ES, et al. Association between mandibular third molar position and the occurrence of pericoronitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;107. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104486

Nunn ME, Fish MD, Garcia RI, et al. Retained Asymptomatic Third Molars and Risk for Second Molar Pathology. J Dent Res. 2013;92(12):1095-1099. doi:10.1177/0022034513509281

Şimşek-Kaya G, Özbek E, Kalkan Y, Yapici G, Dayi E, Demirci T. Soft tissue pathosis associated with asymptomatic impacted lower third molars. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16(7). doi:10.4317/medoral.17128

Nguyen BNT, Nguyen-Le CT, Nguyen BLT, Le SH. Multivariable Analysis of Correlation Between Anatomical Features of Mandibular Third Molars and Pericoronitis. Int J Dent. 2024;2024(1). doi:10.1155/ijod/8260559

Bataineh A, Hazza'a A, Odat AA. Angulation of mandibular third molars as a predictive factor for pericoronitis. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2012;10(3):51-58.

Kumar M, Priscilla David M, Mysore Rajshekar V. Correlation of Pericoronitis and the Status of Eruption of Mandibular Third Molar: A Clinico Radiographic Study. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology. 25(2):0-0. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10011

Yamalık K, Bozkaya S. The predictivity of mandibular third molar position as a risk indicator for pericoronitis. Clin Oral Investig. 2008;12(1):9-14. doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0131-2

Ryalat S, AlRyalat SA, Kassob Z, Hassona Y, Al-Shayyab MH, Sawair F. Impaction of lower third molars and their association with age: Radiological perspectives. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0519-1