Oral Mukozanın Pigmente Lezyonları

Hassona Y, Sawair F, Al‐karadsheh O, Scully C. Prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions. Int J Dermatol. Eylül 2016;55(9):1005-13. doi:10.1111/ijd.13133

Ponnaiyan D, Gomathy L, Anusha JA. The correlation of skin color and gingival pigmentation patterns in a group of South Indians in Tamil Nadu, India. SRM J Res Dent Sci. 2013;4(2):54-8.

Rosebush MS, Briody AN, Cordell KG. Black and Brown: Non-neoplastic Pigmentation of the Oral Mucosa. Head Neck Pathol. Mart 2019;13(1):47-55. doi:10.1007/s12105-018-0980-9

Blum A, Simionescu O, Argenziano G, Braun R, Cabo H, Eichhorn A, vd. Dermoscopy of pigmented lesions of the mucosa and the mucocutaneous junction: results of a multicenter study by the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS). Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(10):1181-7.

Wolk R, Massi D, Trochesset D. Pigmented Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical Presentation, Histology, and Recommendations for Management: R. Wolk et al. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2025;26(5):761-75.

Eisen D. Disorders of pigmentation in the oral cavity. Clin Dermatol. 2000;18(5):579-87.

Mallikarjuna K, Gupta S, Shukla S, Chaurasia S. Unusual extensive physiologic melanin pigmentation of the oral cavity: a clinical presentation. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2013;31(2):121-5.

Alawi F. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: an update. Dent Clin North Am. 2013;57(4):699.

Müller S. Melanin-associated pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment: Oral pigmented lesions. Dermatol Ther. Mayıs 2010;23(3):220-9. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01319.x

Sreeja C, Ramakrishnan K, Vijayalakshmi D, Devi M, Aesha I, Vijayabanu B. Oral pigmentation: A review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015;7(Suppl 2):S403-8.

Abduljabbar T, Vohra F, Akram Z, Ab Ghani SM, Al-Hamoudi N, Javed F. Efficacy of surgical laser therapy in the management of oral pigmented lesions: A systematic review. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017;173:353-9.

Goyushov S, Ateş C, Meşeli SE. Evaluation of gingival pigmentation and related factors on former smokers. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2024;15(1):e2.

Alawi F. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: an update. Dent Clin North Am. 2013;57(4):699.

Lambertini M, Patrizi A, Ravaioli GM, Dika E. Oral pigmentation in physiologic conditions, post-inflammatory affections and systemic diseases. G Ital Dermatol E Venereol Organo Uff Soc Ital Dermatol E Sifilogr. 2017;153(5):666-71.

Gondak RO, da Silva-Jorge R, Jorge J, Lopes MA, Vargas PA. Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cirugia Bucal. 2012;17(6):e919.

Ison J, Clark A. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am. 2023;35:153-8.

Kaufman BP, Aman T, Alexis AF. Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. Ağustos 2018;19(4):489-503. doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0333-6

Kaufman BP, Aman T, Alexis AF. Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. Ağustos 2018;19(4):489-503. doi:10.1007/s40257-017-0333-6

Hatch CL. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Dent Clin. 2005;49(1):185-201.

Naidu RM, Joshua E, Saraswathi T, Ranganathan K. Pigmentation of palatal mucosa due to trauma: A case report. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2002;1:34-6.

Gaeta GM, Satriano RA, Baroni A. Oral pigmented lesions. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20(3):286-8.

Mignogna M, Muzio LL, Ruoppo E, Errico M, Amato M, Satriano R. Oral manifestations of idiopathic lenticular mucocutaneous pigmentation (Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome): a clinical, histopathological and ultrastructural review of 12 cases. Oral Dis. Ocak 1999;5(1):80-6. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00068.x

Mozaffari HR, Rezaei F, Sharifi R, Mirbahari SG. Seven-Year Follow-Up of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Case Rep Dent. 2016;2016:1-3. doi:10.1155/2016/6052181

Adel Kauzman BDS, Pavone M, Blanas N, Bradley G. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: review, differential diagnosis, and case presentations. J Can Dent Assoc. 2004;70(10):682-3.

Nieman LK, Turner MLC. Addison’s disease. Clin Dermatol. 2006;24(4):276-80.

Nikitakis NG, Koumaki D. Laugier–Hunziker syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;116(1):e52-8.

Rangwala S, Doherty CB, Katta R. Laugier-Hunziker syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J [İnternet]. 2010 [a.yer 21 Ocak 2026];16(12). Erişim adresi: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/475873nc

Gupta G, Williams REA, Mackie RM. The labial melanotic macule: a review of 79 cases. Br J Dermatol. 1997;136(5):772-5.

Kaugars GE, Heise AP, Riley WT, Abbey LM, Svirsky JA. Oral melanotic macules: a review of 353 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76(1):59-61.

Lambertini M, Patrizi A, Ravaioli GM, Dika E. Oral pigmentation in physiologic conditions, post-inflammatory affections and systemic diseases. G Ital Dermatol E Venereol Organo Uff Soc Ital Dermatol E Sifilogr. 2017;153(5):666-71.

Ferreira L, Jham B, Assi R, Readinger A, Kessler HP. Oral melanocytic nevi: a clinicopathologic study of 100 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 01 Eylül 2015;120(3):358-67. doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2015.05.008

Freitas DA, Bonan PR, Sousa AA, Pereira MM, Oliveira SM, Jones KM. Intramucosal nevus in the oral cavity. J Contemp Dent Pr. 2015;16(1):74-6.

Buchner A, Merrell PW, Carpenter WM. Relative frequency of solitary melanocytic lesions of the oral mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med. Ekim 2004;33(9):550-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00238.x

Hatch CL. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Dent Clin. 2005;49(1):185-201.

Meleti M, Vescovi P, Mooi WJ, van der Waal I. Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa and perioral tissues: a flow-chart for the diagnosis and some recommendations for the management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2008;105(5):606-16.

Lakshminarayanan V, Ranganathan K. Oral melanoacanthoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Reports. Aralık 2009;3(1):11. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-11

Tarakji B, Umair A, Prasad D, Altamimi MA. Diagnosis of oral pigmentations and malignant transformations. Singapore Dent J. 2014;35:39-46.

Williams MD. Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Mucosal Melanomas. Head Neck Pathol. Mart 2017;11(1):110-7. doi:10.1007/s12105-017-0789-y

Santeufemia DA, Palmieri G, Miolo G, Colombino M, Doro MG, Frogheri L, vd. Current trends in mucosal melanomas: an overview. Cancers. 2023;15(5):1356.

López F, Rodrigo JP, Cardesa A, Triantafyllou A, Devaney KO, Mendenhall WM, vd. Update on primary head and neck mucosal melanoma. Head Neck. Ocak 2016;38(1):147-55. doi:10.1002/hed.23872

Feller L, Khammissa RAG, Lemmer J. A Review of the Aetiopathogenesis and Clinical and Histopathological Features of Oral Mucosal Melanoma. Sci World J. 2017;2017:1-7. doi:10.1155/2017/9189812

Prasad ML, Jungbluth AA, Iversen K, Huvos AG, Busam KJ. Expression of melanocytic differentiation markers in malignant melanomas of the oral and sinonasal mucosa. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25(6):782-7.

Venugopalan S, Makadia R, Parsana M. Oral Malignant Melanoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Off Publ Assoc Otolaryngol India. Aralık 2022;74(Suppl 3):6095-9. doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02735-1 PubMed PMID: 36742579; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9895477.

Shulman JD, Beach MM, Rivera-Hidalgo F. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in US adults: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(9):1279-86.

Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Oral and maxillofacial pathology [İnternet]. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015 [a.yer 21 Ocak 2026]. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=Qs-JCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Neville+B,+Damm+D,+Allen+C,+Chi+A.+Oral+and+maxillofacial+pathology.+4th+ed.+St.+Louis:+Elsevier%3B+2016&ots=mrWcvQpC5o&sig=aezdjkU5Ixvrxhqq0Q-W78sXw2Y

Ison J, Clark A. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am. 2023;35:153-8.

Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. Saunders. St Louis. 2009;453-9.

Regezi JA, Sciubba J, Jordan RC. Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations [İnternet]. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016 [a.yer 23 Ocak 2026]. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=Lj3dCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Regezi+JA,+Sciubba+JJ,+Jordan+RC,+editors.+Oral+Pathology.+Clinical+Pathologic+Correlations.+5th+ed.+Philadelphia:+W.B.+Saunders%3B+2009&ots=EvafmU4O1a&sig=Ow-l15rGbznIasECqE42VHRDgQo