Yumurta Tavuklarının Beslenmesi
Özet
Referanslar
Kutlu HR. Tavukların Beslenmesi. Türkoğlu M., Sarıca M. (Ed) Tavukçuluk Bilimi içinde. Ankara: Bey Ofset Matbaacılık; 2009. p. 353-497.
Miranda JM, Anton X, Redondo-Valbuena C, et al. Egg and egg-derived foods: Effects on human health and use as functional foods. Nutrients. 2015;7(1):706–729. doi:10.3390/nu7010706
Stadelman WJ. The preservation of quality in shell eggs. Poultry Science. 1995;74(5):753–762. doi:10.3382/ps.0740753
Windhorst HW. Changes in global egg production: Overview and trends. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2017;73(2):225–238. doi:10.1017/S0043933917000078
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Kümes hayvancılığı üretimi istatistikleri, Eylül 2025. (16/12/2025 tarihinde https://data.tuik.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Leeson S, Summers JD. Commercial poultry nutrition 2005. (18/10/2025 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Roberts JR. Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2004;41(3):161–177. doi:10.2141/jpsa.41.161
National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of poultry 1994. (10/10/2025 tarihinde https://nap.nationalacademies.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Fraeye I, Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, et al. Dietary enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids: A review. Food Research International. 2012;48(2):961–969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.03.014.
Koçak Ö, Özaydın T. Kanatlılarda sindirim sistemi anatomisi ve fizyolojisi 2019. (10/10/2025 tarihinde https://acikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Koçak YR, Özaydın T. Kanatlı sindirim sisteminin fonksiyonel histolojisi 2019. (12/10/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duvetfd/issue/51034/668069 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Hub Australia. Digestive system of poultry 2025. (12/12/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tetik N, Sareyyüpoğlu B. Kanatlılarda bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve önemi 2022. (14/10/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Azman MA. Yumurtacı Tavukların Beslenmesi. Hayvan Besleme ve Besleme Hastalıkları içinde. Malatya: Medipres; 2008. p. 321-343.
Poultry Hub Australia. Poultry nutrition: Nutrient requirements 2025. (12/12/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Kellems RO, Church DC. Livestock Feeds and Feeding. (Müjdat Alp, Neşe Kocabağlı, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel; 2016.
Ertürk MM, Özen N. Tavukların besin madde gereksinimleri 1995. (24/12/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdenizfderg/issue/36451/417019 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Hub Australia. Layer hen nutrition: Requirements by growth stage 2025. (11/11/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yumurta tavukçuluğu bilgilendirme broşürü 2023. (09/11/2025 tarihinde https://gaziantep.tarimorman.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Vohra P. Requirement of poultry for carbohydrates. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 1967;23(1):44–57. doi:10.1079/WPS19670005
Denizli İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. Yumurta tavukçuluğu teknik bilgilendirme föyü 2022. (09/11/2025 tarihinde https://denizli.tarimorman.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Şenköylü N. Modern Tavuk Üretimi (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Anadolu Matbaası; 2001.
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D. The use of cottonseed meal as a protein source for poultry: an updated review. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2016;72(3):473–484. doi:10.1017/S0043933916000258
Klasing KC. Nutrition and the immune system. British Poultry Science. 2007;48(5):525–537. doi:10.1080/00071660701671336
Panda AK, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, et al. Replacement of normal maize with quality protein maize on performance, immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens 2010. (16/11/2025 tarihinde https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500533505 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A. Bone quality characteristics and performance in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with organic acids. Czech Journal of Animal Science. 2012;57(4):193–205. doi:10.17221/6004-CJAS
Surai PF. Selenium in poultry nutrition 1. Antioxidant properties, deficiency and toxicity. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2002;58:333–347. doi:10.1079/WPS20020026
Selim N, Nada SA, Abdel-Salam AF, Youssef SF. Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 2-Effect on Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Chilled and Frozen Broiler Meat. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2013;12(10):572–581. doi:10.3923/ijps.2013.572.581
Whitehead CC, McDowell LR, Ward TL. Water-soluble vitamins and their roles in poultry nutrition and metabolism. Journal of Nutrition and Poultry Science. 2022;10(4):112–128. doi:10.1016/j.jnps.2022.04.003
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D. The efficacy of organic minerals in poultry nutrition: review and implications of recent studies. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2014;70(3):475–486. doi:10.1017/S0043933914000531
Selle PH, Ravindran V. Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2007;135(1–2):1–41. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.010
Belay S, Resom M, Yemane H, Amare H. Production performance evaluation of Koekoek chicken under farmer management practice in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Livestock Production. 2018;9(9):232–237. doi:10.5897/IJLP2017.0436
Saleh EA, Watkins S, Waldroup AL, Waldroup PW. Effects of dietary nutrient density on performance and carcass quality of male broilers grown for further processing. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2004;3(1):1–10. doi:10.3923/ijps.2004.1.10
Jones FT, Watkins SE. How does taste influence water consumption in broilers? 2009. (23/11/2025 tarihinde https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/water-related-factors-broiler-production adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ergün A, Yalçın S, Coşkun B, et al. Kanatlı besleme 2022. (24/11/2025 tarihinde https://veterinary.ankara.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Animal nutrition and feeding: Poultry module 2021. (26/11/2025 tarihinde https://www.fao.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
University of Georgia Extension. Feeding management of commercial layers 2024. (26/12/2025 tarihinde https://extension.uga.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi. Kanatlı rasyon hazırlama ve besin madde gereksinimleri ders notu 2021. (02/01/2026 tarihinde https://akademik.adu.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tuncer ŞD, Ayasan T. Kanatlı beslemede vitamin ve mineral gereksinimleri 2020. (04/01/2026 tarihinde https://acikerisim.cu.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Extension. Avian nutrition and water requirements 2025. (04/12/2025 tarihinde https://poultry.extension.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Liu SK, Niu ZY, Min YN, et al. Advances in layer nutrition. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 8: 660978. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.660978
Adeola O. Nutrient requirements of poultry: A review 2019. (13/12/2025 tarihinde https://docs.lib.purdue.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ravindran V. Poultry feed ingredients and their use in feed formulation. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2013;4(1):1. doi:10.1186/2049-1891-4-1
Musco N, Koutoulis KC, Kyriazakis I, et al. Agro-industrial by-products in poultry nutrition. Animals. 2021;11(1):86. doi:10.3390/ani11010086
Hardy RW. Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets. Aquaculture Research. 2010;41(5):770–776. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02380.x
Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, et al. Effect of calcium particle size and source on eggshell quality. Poultry Science. 2008;87(2):266-272. doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00213
Ahmad S, Yousaf M, Ahmad N, et al. Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial role of vitamins and electrolytes. Poultry Science Journal. 2020;8(1):1–14. doi:10.22069/psj.2020.16667.1543
Gaggìa F, Mattarelli P, Biavati B. Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding. Veterinary Research. 2010;41(1):1–19. doi:10.1051/vetres/2010017
Karadas F, Douglas A, Wood N, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin in chicken nutrition. British Poultry Science. 2006;47(2):116–122. doi:10.1080/00071660600610809
Murugesan GR, Ledoux DR, Naehrer K, et al. Mycotoxin binders in poultry: Prevalence and control. Poultry Science. 2015;94(11):2902–2910. doi:10.3382/ps/pev252
Molnár A, Maertens L, Ampe B, Buyse J, Zoons J, Delezie E. Effect of different split-feeding treatments on performance, egg quality, and bone quality of individually housed aged laying hens. Poultry Science. 2018;97(1):88–101. doi:10.3382/ps/pex255
Miles RD, Jacob JP. The role of lipids in poultry nutrition and fatty liver syndrome 1997. (13/12/2025 tarihinde https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Referanslar
Kutlu HR. Tavukların Beslenmesi. Türkoğlu M., Sarıca M. (Ed) Tavukçuluk Bilimi içinde. Ankara: Bey Ofset Matbaacılık; 2009. p. 353-497.
Miranda JM, Anton X, Redondo-Valbuena C, et al. Egg and egg-derived foods: Effects on human health and use as functional foods. Nutrients. 2015;7(1):706–729. doi:10.3390/nu7010706
Stadelman WJ. The preservation of quality in shell eggs. Poultry Science. 1995;74(5):753–762. doi:10.3382/ps.0740753
Windhorst HW. Changes in global egg production: Overview and trends. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2017;73(2):225–238. doi:10.1017/S0043933917000078
Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Kümes hayvancılığı üretimi istatistikleri, Eylül 2025. (16/12/2025 tarihinde https://data.tuik.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Leeson S, Summers JD. Commercial poultry nutrition 2005. (18/10/2025 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Roberts JR. Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2004;41(3):161–177. doi:10.2141/jpsa.41.161
National Research Council (NRC). Nutrient requirements of poultry 1994. (10/10/2025 tarihinde https://nap.nationalacademies.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Fraeye I, Bruneel C, Lemahieu C, et al. Dietary enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids: A review. Food Research International. 2012;48(2):961–969. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.03.014.
Koçak Ö, Özaydın T. Kanatlılarda sindirim sistemi anatomisi ve fizyolojisi 2019. (10/10/2025 tarihinde https://acikerisim.selcuk.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Koçak YR, Özaydın T. Kanatlı sindirim sisteminin fonksiyonel histolojisi 2019. (12/10/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duvetfd/issue/51034/668069 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Hub Australia. Digestive system of poultry 2025. (12/12/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tetik N, Sareyyüpoğlu B. Kanatlılarda bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve önemi 2022. (14/10/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Azman MA. Yumurtacı Tavukların Beslenmesi. Hayvan Besleme ve Besleme Hastalıkları içinde. Malatya: Medipres; 2008. p. 321-343.
Poultry Hub Australia. Poultry nutrition: Nutrient requirements 2025. (12/12/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Kellems RO, Church DC. Livestock Feeds and Feeding. (Müjdat Alp, Neşe Kocabağlı, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Nobel; 2016.
Ertürk MM, Özen N. Tavukların besin madde gereksinimleri 1995. (24/12/2025 tarihinde https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/akdenizfderg/issue/36451/417019 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Hub Australia. Layer hen nutrition: Requirements by growth stage 2025. (11/11/2025 tarihinde https://www.poultryhub.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
T.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. Yumurta tavukçuluğu bilgilendirme broşürü 2023. (09/11/2025 tarihinde https://gaziantep.tarimorman.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Vohra P. Requirement of poultry for carbohydrates. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 1967;23(1):44–57. doi:10.1079/WPS19670005
Denizli İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. Yumurta tavukçuluğu teknik bilgilendirme föyü 2022. (09/11/2025 tarihinde https://denizli.tarimorman.gov.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Şenköylü N. Modern Tavuk Üretimi (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Anadolu Matbaası; 2001.
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D. The use of cottonseed meal as a protein source for poultry: an updated review. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2016;72(3):473–484. doi:10.1017/S0043933916000258
Klasing KC. Nutrition and the immune system. British Poultry Science. 2007;48(5):525–537. doi:10.1080/00071660701671336
Panda AK, Raju MVLN, Rama Rao SV, et al. Replacement of normal maize with quality protein maize on performance, immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens 2010. (16/11/2025 tarihinde https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201500533505 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A. Bone quality characteristics and performance in broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with organic acids. Czech Journal of Animal Science. 2012;57(4):193–205. doi:10.17221/6004-CJAS
Surai PF. Selenium in poultry nutrition 1. Antioxidant properties, deficiency and toxicity. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2002;58:333–347. doi:10.1079/WPS20020026
Selim N, Nada SA, Abdel-Salam AF, Youssef SF. Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 2-Effect on Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Chilled and Frozen Broiler Meat. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2013;12(10):572–581. doi:10.3923/ijps.2013.572.581
Whitehead CC, McDowell LR, Ward TL. Water-soluble vitamins and their roles in poultry nutrition and metabolism. Journal of Nutrition and Poultry Science. 2022;10(4):112–128. doi:10.1016/j.jnps.2022.04.003
Świątkiewicz S, Arczewska-Włosek A, Józefiak D. The efficacy of organic minerals in poultry nutrition: review and implications of recent studies. World’s Poultry Science Journal. 2014;70(3):475–486. doi:10.1017/S0043933914000531
Selle PH, Ravindran V. Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2007;135(1–2):1–41. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.010
Belay S, Resom M, Yemane H, Amare H. Production performance evaluation of Koekoek chicken under farmer management practice in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. International Journal of Livestock Production. 2018;9(9):232–237. doi:10.5897/IJLP2017.0436
Saleh EA, Watkins S, Waldroup AL, Waldroup PW. Effects of dietary nutrient density on performance and carcass quality of male broilers grown for further processing. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2004;3(1):1–10. doi:10.3923/ijps.2004.1.10
Jones FT, Watkins SE. How does taste influence water consumption in broilers? 2009. (23/11/2025 tarihinde https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/water-related-factors-broiler-production adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ergün A, Yalçın S, Coşkun B, et al. Kanatlı besleme 2022. (24/11/2025 tarihinde https://veterinary.ankara.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Animal nutrition and feeding: Poultry module 2021. (26/11/2025 tarihinde https://www.fao.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
University of Georgia Extension. Feeding management of commercial layers 2024. (26/12/2025 tarihinde https://extension.uga.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi. Kanatlı rasyon hazırlama ve besin madde gereksinimleri ders notu 2021. (02/01/2026 tarihinde https://akademik.adu.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Tuncer ŞD, Ayasan T. Kanatlı beslemede vitamin ve mineral gereksinimleri 2020. (04/01/2026 tarihinde https://acikerisim.cu.edu.tr adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Poultry Extension. Avian nutrition and water requirements 2025. (04/12/2025 tarihinde https://poultry.extension.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Liu SK, Niu ZY, Min YN, et al. Advances in layer nutrition. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 8: 660978. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.660978
Adeola O. Nutrient requirements of poultry: A review 2019. (13/12/2025 tarihinde https://docs.lib.purdue.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ravindran V. Poultry feed ingredients and their use in feed formulation. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2013;4(1):1. doi:10.1186/2049-1891-4-1
Musco N, Koutoulis KC, Kyriazakis I, et al. Agro-industrial by-products in poultry nutrition. Animals. 2021;11(1):86. doi:10.3390/ani11010086
Hardy RW. Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets. Aquaculture Research. 2010;41(5):770–776. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02380.x
Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, et al. Effect of calcium particle size and source on eggshell quality. Poultry Science. 2008;87(2):266-272. doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00213
Ahmad S, Yousaf M, Ahmad N, et al. Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial role of vitamins and electrolytes. Poultry Science Journal. 2020;8(1):1–14. doi:10.22069/psj.2020.16667.1543
Gaggìa F, Mattarelli P, Biavati B. Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding. Veterinary Research. 2010;41(1):1–19. doi:10.1051/vetres/2010017
Karadas F, Douglas A, Wood N, et al. Lutein and zeaxanthin in chicken nutrition. British Poultry Science. 2006;47(2):116–122. doi:10.1080/00071660600610809
Murugesan GR, Ledoux DR, Naehrer K, et al. Mycotoxin binders in poultry: Prevalence and control. Poultry Science. 2015;94(11):2902–2910. doi:10.3382/ps/pev252
Molnár A, Maertens L, Ampe B, Buyse J, Zoons J, Delezie E. Effect of different split-feeding treatments on performance, egg quality, and bone quality of individually housed aged laying hens. Poultry Science. 2018;97(1):88–101. doi:10.3382/ps/pex255
Miles RD, Jacob JP. The role of lipids in poultry nutrition and fatty liver syndrome 1997. (13/12/2025 tarihinde https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
