“Kadınların Tarihi” veya Özgün Adıyla “A History of Women In The West” Adlı Beş Kitaplık Serinin, Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Çerçevesinde Etik İlkeler ve Adli Tıp Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Özet
Kesişimsellik, bireylerin kimliklerinin (cinsiyet, ırk, sınıf, engellilik, vb.) ve toplumsal konumlarının nasıl etkileşerek ayrımcılığa ve eşitsizliklere yol açtığını inceleyen bir kavramdır. İlk olarak Kimberlé Crenshaw tarafından 1989 yılında geliştirilmiştir. Adli tıp bağlamında, kesişimsellik, kadına yönelik şiddet vakalarının değerlendirilmesinde önemlidir; çünkü bu kavram, şiddetin çeşitli sosyal kimlikler arasındaki etkileşimleri nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve mağdurların maruz kaldığı ayrımcılığı anlamada kritik bir araçtır. Kadına yönelik şiddet, yalnızca cinsiyetle ilgili değil, aynı zamanda ırk, sınıf, engellilik gibi faktörlerle de ilişkili olarak farklı şekillerde deneyimlenebilir. Yapılan araştırmalar, kadınların şiddete maruz kalma oranlarının eğitim seviyesi, yaş ve sosyoekonomik duruma bağlı olarak değiştiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kesişimsellik, şiddetin çok boyutlu yapısını anlamaya yardımcı olarak, adli tıp uzmanlarına daha adil ve bütüncül bir yaklaşım sunar.
Intersectionality is a concept that examines how individuals' identities (gender, race, class, disability, etc.) and social positions intersect to create discrimination and inequality. It was first developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989. In the context of forensic medicine, intersectionality plays a key role in understanding cases of gender-based violence, as it helps to assess how different social identities interact and shape the experiences of discrimination that victims face. Gender-based violence is not only related to gender but also influenced by factors such as race, class, and disability. Research shows that the likelihood of women experiencing violence varies with education level, age, and socioeconomic status. Intersectionality helps forensic experts to approach these cases in a more just and comprehensive way.
Referanslar
Alexandre, M. 1991. Perpetua or self-knowledge. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Bard, C. 2014. A history of feminism in France. London, Bloomsbury.
Barthélemy, D. 1992. Feudal structures and women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Bashkirtseff, M. 1994. Journal. Paris, Charpentier.
Beauvoir, S. de. 2011. The Second Sex. New York, Vintage Books.
Bock, G. 1995. Racism and sexism in Nazi Germany. London, Routledge.
Bruit Zaidman, L. 1991. Greek women and ritual practices. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Casagrande, C., Vecchio, S. 1992. Women’s speech and silence. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Corbin, A. 1994. Sexuality and social control. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dauphin, C. 1991. From cults to Christianity. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dauphin, C., Régnier-Bohler, D. 1992. Female nature in medieval thought. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Davis, N. Z. 1993. Women on the margins. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 3. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
De Grazia, V. 1992. How Fascism Ruled Women. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Dronke, P. 1992. Medieval women writers. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Duby, G. 1992. Women’s hidden power. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Duby, G., Klapisch-Zuber, C. (Ed.). 1992. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome II: Le Moyen Âge. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1991. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome I: L’Antiquité. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1993. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome III: La Renaissance. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1994. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome IV: Le XIXe siècle. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1996. A History of Women in the West, Vol. V: Toward a Cultural Identity in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dumont, M. 1992. Women in Québec since 1940. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
Fraisse, G. 1994. Sexual difference and philosophy. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Gange, F. 1991. Matriarchy and myth. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Georgoudi, S., Blok, J. 1991. Women’s voices in antiquity. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Goldman, W. Z. 1993. Women, the State and Revolution. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Hughes, D. O. 1992. Regulating women’s dress. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Kaplan, N. 1979. Les maris, vous êtes salués. Paris, Seuil.
Knibiehler, Y. 1994. Medical discourse on women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Koonz, C. 1987. Mothers in the Fatherland. New York, St. Martin’s Press.
Leduc, C., Schmitt-Pantel, P. 1991. Women and ancient history today. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Le Jan, R. 1992. Women from the fifth to the tenth century. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Lewis, J. 1992. Women and social policies in Europe. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Lissarrague, F. 1991. Figures of women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Loraux, N. 1991. What is a goddess? A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Löwy, I. 2018. Imperfect pregnancies. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Montreynaud, F. 1994. Suffragette repression. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Newman, B. 1992. Women mystics and authority. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Offen, K. 1994. Feminist movements. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Perrot, M. 1994. Revolutionary women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Picq, F. 1993. Libération des femmes: Les années-mouvement. Paris, Seuil.
Piponnier, F. 1992. Late medieval urban women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Rousselle, A. 1991. Body politics in ancient Rome. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Sand, G. 1994. On women and writing. Paris, Gallimard.
Scheid, J. 1991. Religious roles of Roman women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Schmitt-Pantel, P. 1991. Women and marriage in ancient Greece. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Scott, J. W. 1994. Gender and citizenship. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Sissa, G. 1991. The sexual philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Thébaud, F. 1998. The Great War and the triumph of sexual division. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Thomas, Y. 1991. The division of the sexes in Roman law. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
United Nations. 1993. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. New York, United Nations.
Walkowitz, J. 1994. Prostitution and state violence. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Wiesner-Hanks, M. 1993. Early modern women and discipline. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 3. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Wolf, C. 1997. Cassandra. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Zeitlin, F. 1991. Pandora’s daughters. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Referanslar
Alexandre, M. 1991. Perpetua or self-knowledge. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Bard, C. 2014. A history of feminism in France. London, Bloomsbury.
Barthélemy, D. 1992. Feudal structures and women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Bashkirtseff, M. 1994. Journal. Paris, Charpentier.
Beauvoir, S. de. 2011. The Second Sex. New York, Vintage Books.
Bock, G. 1995. Racism and sexism in Nazi Germany. London, Routledge.
Bruit Zaidman, L. 1991. Greek women and ritual practices. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Casagrande, C., Vecchio, S. 1992. Women’s speech and silence. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Corbin, A. 1994. Sexuality and social control. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dauphin, C. 1991. From cults to Christianity. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dauphin, C., Régnier-Bohler, D. 1992. Female nature in medieval thought. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Davis, N. Z. 1993. Women on the margins. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 3. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
De Grazia, V. 1992. How Fascism Ruled Women. Berkeley, University of California Press.
Dronke, P. 1992. Medieval women writers. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Duby, G. 1992. Women’s hidden power. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Duby, G., Klapisch-Zuber, C. (Ed.). 1992. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome II: Le Moyen Âge. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1991. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome I: L’Antiquité. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1993. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome III: La Renaissance. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1994. Histoire des femmes en Occident, Tome IV: Le XIXe siècle. Paris, Plon.
Duby, G., Perrot, M. (Ed.). 1996. A History of Women in the West, Vol. V: Toward a Cultural Identity in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Dumont, M. 1992. Women in Québec since 1940. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
Fraisse, G. 1994. Sexual difference and philosophy. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Gange, F. 1991. Matriarchy and myth. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Georgoudi, S., Blok, J. 1991. Women’s voices in antiquity. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Goldman, W. Z. 1993. Women, the State and Revolution. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Hughes, D. O. 1992. Regulating women’s dress. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Kaplan, N. 1979. Les maris, vous êtes salués. Paris, Seuil.
Knibiehler, Y. 1994. Medical discourse on women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Koonz, C. 1987. Mothers in the Fatherland. New York, St. Martin’s Press.
Leduc, C., Schmitt-Pantel, P. 1991. Women and ancient history today. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Le Jan, R. 1992. Women from the fifth to the tenth century. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Lewis, J. 1992. Women and social policies in Europe. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
Lissarrague, F. 1991. Figures of women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Loraux, N. 1991. What is a goddess? A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Löwy, I. 2018. Imperfect pregnancies. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Montreynaud, F. 1994. Suffragette repression. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Newman, B. 1992. Women mystics and authority. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Offen, K. 1994. Feminist movements. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Perrot, M. 1994. Revolutionary women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Picq, F. 1993. Libération des femmes: Les années-mouvement. Paris, Seuil.
Piponnier, F. 1992. Late medieval urban women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 2. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Rousselle, A. 1991. Body politics in ancient Rome. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Sand, G. 1994. On women and writing. Paris, Gallimard.
Scheid, J. 1991. Religious roles of Roman women. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Schmitt-Pantel, P. 1991. Women and marriage in ancient Greece. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Scott, J. W. 1994. Gender and citizenship. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Sissa, G. 1991. The sexual philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Thébaud, F. 1998. The Great War and the triumph of sexual division. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Thomas, Y. 1991. The division of the sexes in Roman law. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
United Nations. 1993. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women. New York, United Nations.
Walkowitz, J. 1994. Prostitution and state violence. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 4. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Wiesner-Hanks, M. 1993. Early modern women and discipline. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 3. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Wolf, C. 1997. Cassandra. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Zeitlin, F. 1991. Pandora’s daughters. A History of Women in the West, Vol. 1. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
