Modern Methods of Microbiology and Their Importance in Human Activity
Özet
This article examines the strategic role of microbiology in human life in the modern era. The application of methods such as PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR-Cas in medical diagnostics, genetic engineering and biotechnology is analyzed. The functions of the microbiome in the immune system, metabolic processes and neuro-immune interactions are emphasized. It is noted that, its imbalance can result in metabolic syndromes, autoimmune diseases and neuropsychological disorders. Nitrogen fixation and biological pest control methods in agriculture serve to increase productivity and reduce chemical effects. Microbiological approaches in food safety allow for the detection of pathogens, extension of the shelf life of food products and protection of consumer health. In the ecological context, the use of microorganisms in bioremediation processes – in the decomposition of plastics and heavy metals and oil spills, strengthens the resilience of ecosystems. As a result of the development of biotechnology, the production of antibiotics, vaccines, biofuels and bioplastics further increases the applied power of microbiology. Thus, microbiology is not limited only to the study and treatment of diseases, but is also presented as a multidisciplinary field of science that, directly serves the health goals, food security, environmental sustainability and technological development of modern society.
Referanslar
Abbasova, D.M. (2019). Activity of hydrolases and oxidases in the process of microbiological conversion of plant waste, Dissertation, ANAS
Aghayev, G.K. (2017). Microbiological and ecological state of Lankaran rivers, Dissertation, Baku State University
Atlas, R.M., & Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications. Benjamin Cummings
Cai, F., Chen, W., Wei, Z., Pang, G., Li, R., Ran, W., Shen, Q. (2015). Colonization of Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T037 on tomato roots and its relationship with plant growth, nutrient availability and soil microflora. Plant Soil 388, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2326-z
Chaudhary, T., Dixit, M., Gera, R., Shukla, A.K., Prakash, A., Gupta, G., Shukla, P. (2020). Methods for improving bioinoculant formulations. Biotech
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Garayev, Z.O. & Bayramlı, R. (2019). Medical microbiology, immunology and clinical microbiology, Baku
Garayev, Z.O., & Gurbanov, A.I. (2015). Medical microbiology and immunology. Baku: Tabib
Guerra, C.A. et al., (2022). Global hotspots for soil biodiversity conservation. Nature 610, 693–698
Hanusch M., He X., Ruiz-Hernández V., Junker RR, (2022). Succession is the process of community assembly that occurs at the threshold of a series of successions toward multi-diversity. Commun. Biol. 5, 424
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., & Adelberg, E.A. (2016). Medical Microbiology. Lange
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Microbiology Institute of ANAS. (2018). Scientific Works (Volume 16). Baku
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Murray, P.R. (2016). Medical Microbiology. Elsevier.
Mustafayev, F., Huseynov, E., & Salmanov, M. (2013). Veterinary genetics. Baku: Elm
Ozturk, Mustafa. (2007). Biogas Production from Animal Manure. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. May 7
Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P., & Klein, D.A. (2014). Microbiology. McGraw-Hill.
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, 2024
Saccò M. et al. (2021). Salt for conservation: A review of the ecology and conservation of hypersaline ecosystems. Biol. Rev. 96, 2828–2850
Samsunlu, E.T. (2021). CRISPR-Cas9 in Gene Therapy. CBU-SBED, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1669142
Santoyo, G., Guzmán-Guzmán, P., Parra-Cota, F.I., de los Santos-Villalobos, S., del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, M., Glick, B.R. (2021). Stimulation of plant growth by microbial consortia. Agronomy
Shendure, J., & Ji, H. (2008). Next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature Biotechnology, 26(10), pp. 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1486
Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., & Case, C.L. (2021). Microbiology: An Introduction. Pearson
Turnbaugh, P.J., et al. (2007). The human microbiome project. Nature, 449(7164), pp. 804–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244
UNECE Food Safety Centre. (2020). Food safety training materials. Baku.
Vigliotti, V.S., Martinez, I. Public health applications of CRISPR: How children's health can benefit., Seminars in Perinatology, vol. 42, No 8, pp. 531-536, 2018
Willey, J., Sherwood, L., & Woolverton, C. (2017). Prescott’s Microbiology. McGraw-Hill
Zeynalova, S.G., Aghayeva, N.A., Bayramov, A.G., & Ahmadov, I.B. (2019). Medical microbiology and immunology practicum. Baku: Tabib
Zhang, S. et. al. (2020). Recent Advances of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genetic Engineering and Transcriptional Regulation in Industrial Biology, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 7, Article no: 459
Zucconi L. et al., (2025). Advocating for the conservation of microbial diversity in Antarctica. npj Biodiversity. 4, 5
Referanslar
Abbasova, D.M. (2019). Activity of hydrolases and oxidases in the process of microbiological conversion of plant waste, Dissertation, ANAS
Aghayev, G.K. (2017). Microbiological and ecological state of Lankaran rivers, Dissertation, Baku State University
Atlas, R.M., & Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications. Benjamin Cummings
Cai, F., Chen, W., Wei, Z., Pang, G., Li, R., Ran, W., Shen, Q. (2015). Colonization of Trichoderma harzianum strain SQR-T037 on tomato roots and its relationship with plant growth, nutrient availability and soil microflora. Plant Soil 388, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2326-z
Chaudhary, T., Dixit, M., Gera, R., Shukla, A.K., Prakash, A., Gupta, G., Shukla, P. (2020). Methods for improving bioinoculant formulations. Biotech
Dick, G.J. (2019). Microbiomes of deep-sea hydrothermal vents: Globally distributed, locally shaped. Nat. Rev. Micro-biol. 17, 271–283
Garayev, Z.O. & Bayramlı, R. (2019). Medical microbiology, immunology and clinical microbiology, Baku
Garayev, Z.O., & Gurbanov, A.I. (2015). Medical microbiology and immunology. Baku: Tabib
Guerra, C.A. et al., (2022). Global hotspots for soil biodiversity conservation. Nature 610, 693–698
Hanusch M., He X., Ruiz-Hernández V., Junker RR, (2022). Succession is the process of community assembly that occurs at the threshold of a series of successions toward multi-diversity. Commun. Biol. 5, 424
Jawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., & Adelberg, E.A. (2016). Medical Microbiology. Lange
Liu, Q. et al. (2021). Application of CRISPR/Cas9 in Crop Quality Improvement., International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Madigan, M.T., Bender, K.S., Buckley, D.H., Sattley, W.M., & Stahl, D.A. (2018). Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Pearson
Microbiology Institute of ANAS. (2018). Scientific Works (Volume 16). Baku
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Institute of ANAS. (2020). Main research directions. Baku
Murray, P.R. (2016). Medical Microbiology. Elsevier.
Mustafayev, F., Huseynov, E., & Salmanov, M. (2013). Veterinary genetics. Baku: Elm
Ozturk, Mustafa. (2007). Biogas Production from Animal Manure. Ministry of Environment and Forestry. May 7
Prescott, L.M., Harley, J.P., & Klein, D.A. (2014). Microbiology. McGraw-Hill.
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, 2024
Saccò M. et al. (2021). Salt for conservation: A review of the ecology and conservation of hypersaline ecosystems. Biol. Rev. 96, 2828–2850
Samsunlu, E.T. (2021). CRISPR-Cas9 in Gene Therapy. CBU-SBED, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1669142
Santoyo, G., Guzmán-Guzmán, P., Parra-Cota, F.I., de los Santos-Villalobos, S., del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, M., Glick, B.R. (2021). Stimulation of plant growth by microbial consortia. Agronomy
Shendure, J., & Ji, H. (2008). Next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature Biotechnology, 26(10), pp. 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1486
Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., & Case, C.L. (2021). Microbiology: An Introduction. Pearson
Turnbaugh, P.J., et al. (2007). The human microbiome project. Nature, 449(7164), pp. 804–810. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06244
UNECE Food Safety Centre. (2020). Food safety training materials. Baku.
Vigliotti, V.S., Martinez, I. Public health applications of CRISPR: How children's health can benefit., Seminars in Perinatology, vol. 42, No 8, pp. 531-536, 2018
Willey, J., Sherwood, L., & Woolverton, C. (2017). Prescott’s Microbiology. McGraw-Hill
Zeynalova, S.G., Aghayeva, N.A., Bayramov, A.G., & Ahmadov, I.B. (2019). Medical microbiology and immunology practicum. Baku: Tabib
Zhang, S. et. al. (2020). Recent Advances of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genetic Engineering and Transcriptional Regulation in Industrial Biology, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, vol. 7, Article no: 459
Zucconi L. et al., (2025). Advocating for the conservation of microbial diversity in Antarctica. npj Biodiversity. 4, 5
