Global Carbon Cycle and Climate
Özet
Climate change presents a systemic challenge that transcends national boundaries and requires coordinated global financial mechanisms. Existing climate finance institutions, including the Global Environment Facility and the Green Climate Fund, remain constrained by their reliance on voluntary, politically contingent contributions. This dependence undermines financial predictability, limits long-term investment planning, and reduces their capacity to drive structural decarbonization. Building on historical developments in climate science, carbon cycle modeling, and international policy frameworks, this study critically evaluates the institutional weaknesses of current mechanisms and identifies the post-Kyoto gap in global climate finance. In response, it proposes the establishment of a Global Anti-Carbon Fund, designed to mobilize stable and predictable resources through a universal anti-carbon tax and to allocate funds based on verifiable emission reductions. The Fund’s architecture integrates the principles of fiscal responsibility (“polluter pays”) and performance-based incentives (“decarbonization is rewarded”), while functioning as a coordinating apex institution within the broader climate finance landscape. By linking financial obligations directly to emissions and rewarding systemic transformation, the Global Anti-Carbon Fund represents a structural innovation capable of aligning economic development pathways with planetary climate constraints. This framework offers a durable institutional foundation for the practical implementation of international climate commitments and the acceleration of the global low-carbon transition.
Referanslar
Arrhenius, S.A. (1896). On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground. Philos Mag J Sci 41(251):237–276
Azroyants, E. (1919). International Regulation of Macroeconomic Processes
Bolin, B. (ed) (1981). Carbon cycle modelling (SCOPE 16). Wiley. https://scope.dge. carnegiescience.edu/SCOPE_16/SCOPE_16.html. ISBN: 0 471 10051 X
Bolin, B., Degens, E.T., Kempe, S., Ketner, P. (1979). SCOPE 13- The global carbon cycle. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471997108.
doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.006, this issue
Ekins, P. (1999). Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability. Routledge
Foote, E. (1856). Circumstances affecting the heat for the sun’s rays. Am J Sci Arts 22:382–383
Fourier, J.B.J. (1837). General remarks on the temperature of the earth and outer space. Am J Sci 32:1–20
GARP Joint Organizing Committee (1975). The physical basis of climate and climate modelling. GARP Publication Series 16
Hahnel, R. (2011). Green Economics
Hoerner, J.A. (1998). The Role of Carbon Taxes in Climate Policy
https://web.archive.org/web/20140518205209/http:// www.scopenvironment.org/downloadpubs/scope13/contents.html
Keeling, C.D. (1960). The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Tellus 12(2):200–203
Keeling, C.D. (1973). The carbon dioxide cycle: Reservoir models to depict the exchange of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the oceans and land plants. In: Rasool SI (ed) Chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Plenum Publishing Company, New York, pp 251–329
Midgley, G.F., Bond, W.J., Kapos, V., Ravilious, C., Scharlemann, J.P.W., Woodward. F.I. (2010). Terrestrial carbon stocks and biodiversity: key knowledge gaps and some policy implications. Curr Opin Environ Sust. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.06.001
Obersteiner, M., Bottcher, H., Yamagata, Y. (2010). Terrestrial ecosystem management for climate change mitigation. Curr Opin Environ Sust
Oeschger, H., Siegenthaler, U., Schotterer, U., Gugelmann, A. (1975). A box diffusion model to study the carbon-dioxide exchange in nature. Tellus B 17:168–192
Pigou, A.C. (1920). The Economics of Welfare. Macmillan
Plass, G.N. (1956). The carbon dioxide theory of climatic change. Tellus 8(2):140–154
Porter, C. (2000). Environmental Economics and Policy
Revelle, R., Suess, H.E. (1957). Carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the question of an increase of atmospheric CO2. during the past decades. Tellus 9(1):18–27
Tyndall, J., (1861). The Bakerian Lecture: On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours, and on the physical connection of radiation, absorption, and conduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 151:1–36
Welford, R. (1997). Hijacking Environmentalism
World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future
Referanslar
Arrhenius, S.A. (1896). On the influence of carbonic acid in the air upon the temperature of the ground. Philos Mag J Sci 41(251):237–276
Azroyants, E. (1919). International Regulation of Macroeconomic Processes
Bolin, B. (ed) (1981). Carbon cycle modelling (SCOPE 16). Wiley. https://scope.dge. carnegiescience.edu/SCOPE_16/SCOPE_16.html. ISBN: 0 471 10051 X
Bolin, B., Degens, E.T., Kempe, S., Ketner, P. (1979). SCOPE 13- The global carbon cycle. Wiley. ISBN: 9780471997108.
doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.05.006, this issue
Ekins, P. (1999). Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability. Routledge
Foote, E. (1856). Circumstances affecting the heat for the sun’s rays. Am J Sci Arts 22:382–383
Fourier, J.B.J. (1837). General remarks on the temperature of the earth and outer space. Am J Sci 32:1–20
GARP Joint Organizing Committee (1975). The physical basis of climate and climate modelling. GARP Publication Series 16
Hahnel, R. (2011). Green Economics
Hoerner, J.A. (1998). The Role of Carbon Taxes in Climate Policy
https://web.archive.org/web/20140518205209/http:// www.scopenvironment.org/downloadpubs/scope13/contents.html
Keeling, C.D. (1960). The concentration and isotopic abundances of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Tellus 12(2):200–203
Keeling, C.D. (1973). The carbon dioxide cycle: Reservoir models to depict the exchange of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the oceans and land plants. In: Rasool SI (ed) Chemistry of the lower atmosphere. Plenum Publishing Company, New York, pp 251–329
Midgley, G.F., Bond, W.J., Kapos, V., Ravilious, C., Scharlemann, J.P.W., Woodward. F.I. (2010). Terrestrial carbon stocks and biodiversity: key knowledge gaps and some policy implications. Curr Opin Environ Sust. doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2010.06.001
Obersteiner, M., Bottcher, H., Yamagata, Y. (2010). Terrestrial ecosystem management for climate change mitigation. Curr Opin Environ Sust
Oeschger, H., Siegenthaler, U., Schotterer, U., Gugelmann, A. (1975). A box diffusion model to study the carbon-dioxide exchange in nature. Tellus B 17:168–192
Pigou, A.C. (1920). The Economics of Welfare. Macmillan
Plass, G.N. (1956). The carbon dioxide theory of climatic change. Tellus 8(2):140–154
Porter, C. (2000). Environmental Economics and Policy
Revelle, R., Suess, H.E. (1957). Carbon dioxide exchange between atmosphere and ocean and the question of an increase of atmospheric CO2. during the past decades. Tellus 9(1):18–27
Tyndall, J., (1861). The Bakerian Lecture: On the absorption and radiation of heat by gases and vapours, and on the physical connection of radiation, absorption, and conduction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 151:1–36
Welford, R. (1997). Hijacking Environmentalism
World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future
