Erişkinlerde DEHB Tedavisi

Özet

Referanslar

American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC.

Wender, P. H., Reimherr, F. W., & Wood, D. R. (1985). Stimulant therapy of 'adult hyperactivity'. Archives of general psychiatry, 42(8), 840. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790310108018

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87] 2018 (Last updated September 2019); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG87.

Schatzberg AF, DeBattista C. (2019). Schatzberg’s Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Ninth Edition, American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Posner J., Polanczyk G. V., Sonuga-Barke E. (2020). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 395, 450–462. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33004-1, PMID: [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar][Ref list].

Paiva, G. C. C., de Paula, J. J., Costa, D. S., Alvim-Soares, A., Santos, D. A. F. E., Jales, J. S., Romano-Silva, M. A., & de Miranda, D. M. (2024). Parent training for disruptive behavior symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1293244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293244.

Biederman J., Faraone S. V. (2005). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366(9481), 237-248. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2. Erratum in: Lancet, 367(9506), 210. PMID: 16023516.

Cole J. O., Boling L. A., Beake B. J. (1993). Stimulant drugs--medical needs, alternative indications, and related problems. NIDA Res Monogr, 131, 89-108. PMID: 8105389.

Schatzberg AF, DeBattista C. (2019). Schatzberg’s Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Ninth Edition, American Psychiatric Association Publishing

Stahl SM. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (5. edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Cortese S., D'Acunto G., Konofal E., Masi G., Vitiello B. (2017). New formulations of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability. CNS Drugs, 31(2), 149-160. doi: 10.1007/s40263-017-0409-0. PMID: 28130762.

Markowitz J. S., Straughn A. B., Patrick K. S. (2003). Advances in the pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: focus on methylphenidate formulations. Pharmacotherapy, 23(10), 1281–1299. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.23.12.1281.32697.

Markowitz J. S., DeVane C. L., Pestreich L. K., Patrick K. S., Muniz R. (2006). A comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l-, and dl-threo-methylphenidate: an exploratory study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 16(6), 687–698. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2006.16.687.

Markowitz J. S., DeVane C. L., Ramamoorthy S., Zhu H. J. (2009). The psychostimulant d-threo-(R, R)-methylphenidate binds as an agonist to the 5HT(1A) receptor. Pharmazie, 64(2), 123–125.

Panizzon L. (1944). La preparazione di piridil- e piperidil- arilacetonitrili e di alcuni prodotti di trasformazione (parte Ia). Helv Chim Acta, 27(1), 1748–1756. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19440270122.

Williard R. L., Middaugh L. D., Zhu H. J., Patrick K. S. (2007). Methylphenidate and its ethanol transesterification metabolite ethylphenidate: brain disposition, monoamine transporters and motor activity. Behav Pharmacol, 18(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e3280143226.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87] 2018 (Last updated September 2019); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG87.

Canadian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance (CADDRA): Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, Third Edition, Toronto ON; CADDRA, 2011.

Dell’Osso B., Dobrea C., Cremaschi L., Arici C., Altamura A. C. (2014). Wake-promoting pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 16(12), 524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0524-2.

Heal D. J., Smith S. L., Gosden J., Nutt D. J. (2013). Amphetamine, past and present—a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford), 27(6), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113482532.

Iversen L. (2006). Neurotransmitter transporters and their impact on the development of psychopharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology, 147(Suppl. 1):82–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706428

Hodgkins P., Shaw M., Coghill D., Hechtman L. (2012). Amfetamine and methylphenidate medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complementary treatment options. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(9):477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0286-5

Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (2015a). Determina n. 488/2015: Inserimento del medicinale per uso umano «Metilfenidato (Ritalin)» nell’elenco dei medicinali erogabili a totale carico del Servizio sanitario nazionale. Gazzetta Ufciale Serie Generale n.107 del 11.5.2015. [Erişim tarihi: 31 Ağustos 2020].

Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (2015b). Determina n. 860/2015: Rettifica della determina 27 aprile 2015, n. 488/2015. Gazzetta Ufciale Serie Generale n.168 del 22–7–2015. [Erişim tarihi: 31 Ağustos 2020].

Goodman LS, Gilman AG, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann Björn C (2011) Goodman & Gilmans the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 12th edn. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York

Goodman DW (2007a) Lisdexamphetamine dymesilate. The frst prodrug stimulant. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 4(8):39–45

Goodman DW (2007b) The consequences of attentiondefcit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Psychiatr Pract 13(5):318–327. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000290670.87236.18

Stahl SM. (2017). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Prescriber’s Guide (5. baskı). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG (2013) Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation. Pharmacol Rev 66(1):193–221. https://doi.org/10. 1124/pr.112.007054

Spencer RC, Devilbiss DM, Berridge CW (2015) The cognitionenhancing efects of psychostimulants involve direct action in the prefrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 77(11):940–950. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.013

Bagot KS, Kaminer Y (2014) Efcacy of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in non-attention defcit hyperactivity disorder youth: a systematic review. Addiction 109(4):547–557. https:// doi.org/10.1111/add.12460

Kooij J., Bijlenga D., Salerno L., Jaeschke R., Bitter I., Balázs J.,... Asherson P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry, 56:14–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001

Storebø, O. J., Faltinsen, E., Zwi, M., Simonsen, E., & Gluud, C. (2018). The Jury Is Still Out on the Benefits and Harms of Methylphenidate for Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 104(4), 606–609. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1149

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. NICE guideline NG87.

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5. baskı). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2016). Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Erişim adresi: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/clinical-investigation-medicinal-products-treatment-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

Westover AN, Halm EA (2012) Do prescription stimulants increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events? A systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1471-2261-12-41

Hodgkins P, Shaw M, Coghill D, Hechtman L (2012) Amfetamine and methylphenidate medications for attention-defcit/hyperactivity disorder: complementary treatment options. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 21(9):477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00787-012-0286-5

Feinberg SS (2004) Combining stimulants with monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a review of uses and one possible additional indication. J Clin Psychiatry 65(11):1520–1524. https://doi.org/10. 4088/JCP.v65n1113

Ross RG (2006) Psychotic and manic-like symptoms during stimulant treatment of attention defcit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 163(7):1149–1152. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006. 163.7.1149

Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ (2013) Amphetamine, past and present—a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford) 27(6):479–496. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0269881113482532

Pliszka SR. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(7):894–921.

Cortese S., Adamo N., Mohr-Jensen C., Hayes A., Brandeis D., & Banaschewski T. (2017). Better understand the impact of non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD across the lifespan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(5):401–408.

Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, Mohr-Jensen C, Hayes AJ, Carucci S, Atkinson LZ, Tessari L, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Hollis C, Simonof E, Zuddas A, Barbui C, Purgato M, Steinhausen HC, Shokraneh F, Xia J, Cipriani A (2018) Comparative efcacy and tolerability of medications for attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 5(9):727–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4

Sauer JM, Ring BJ, Witcher JW (2005). Clinical pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine. Clin Pharmacokinet 44(6):571–590. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200544060-00002

Steinberg, S., & Chouinard, G. (1985). A case of mania associated with tomoxetine. The American journal of psychiatry, 142(12), 1517–1518. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.12.1517

Henderson T. A. (2004). Mania induction associated with atomoxetine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 24(5), 567–568. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000139760.11458.aa

Henderson, T. A., & Hartman, K. (2004). Aggression, mania, and hypomania induction associated with atomoxetine. Pediatrics, 114(3), 895–896. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1140

Ishizuka, T., Murotani, T., & Yamatodani, A. (2012). Action of modafinil through histaminergic and orexinergic neurons. Vitamins and hormones, 89, 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394623-2.00014-7

Perrine DM, Ross JT, Nervi SJ, Zimmerman RHA (2000). Short one-pot synthesis of bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin). J Chem Educ 77(11):1479. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p1479

Fava M, Rush AJ, Thase ME, Clayton A, Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Johnston JA (2005). 15 years of clinical experience with bupropion HCl: from bupropion to bupropion SR to bupropion XL. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 7(3):106–113. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v07n0305

Kriikku P, Ojanperä I (2016). The relationship between bupropion and suicide in post-mortem investigations. Forensic Sci Int 266:343–348

Oades RD. Dopamine-serotonin interactions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prog. Brain Res.172, 543-65 (2008).

Brea J, Castro-Palomino J, Yeste S, et al. Emerging opportunities and concerns for drug discovery at serotonin 5-HT2B receptors. Curr. Top Med. Chem. 10, 493-503 (2010).

Otasowie, J., Castells, X., Ehimare, U. P., & Smith, C. H. (2014). Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014(9), CD006997. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006997.pub2

Manor I, Rubin J, Daniely Y, Adler LA. Attention benefits after a single dose of metadoxine extended release in adults with predominantly inattentive ADHD. Postgrad. Med. 126, 7-16 (2014).

Pomerleau OF, Downey KK, Stelson FW, Pomerleau CS. Cigarette smoking in adult patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Subst. Abuse 7, 373-8 (1995).

Potter AS, Newhouse PA. Acute nicotine improves cognitive deficits in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 88, 407-17 (2008). Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:13 27 December 2015 25

Potter AS, Dunbar G, Mazzulla E, Hosford D, Newhouse PA. AZD3480, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Biol. Psychiatry 75, 207-14 (2014). 35. Jucaite A, Öhd J, Potter AS et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of α4β 2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AZD1446 (TC-6683) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231, 1251-65 (2014).

Hosking JG, Lam FC, Winstanley CA. Nicotine increases impulsivity and decreases willingness to exert cognitive effort despite improving attention in "slacker" rats: insights into cholinergic regulation of cost/benefit decision making. PLoS One 9, e111580 (2014).

Potter AS, Ryan KK, Newhouse PA. Effects of acute ultra-low dose mecamylamine on cognition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hum. Psychopharmacol. 24, 309-17 (2009))

Herring WJ, Wilens TE, Adler LA et al. Randomized controlled study of the histamine H3 inverse agonist MK-0249 in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 73, e891-8 (2012).

Riediger C, Schuster T, Barlinn K, Maier S, Weitz J, Siepmann T (2017). Adverse effects of antidepressants for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 8:307

Kolar D, Keller A, Golfinopoulos M, Cumyn L, Syer C, Hechtman L (2008). Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4(2):389–403

Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Wilens T (2004). Nonstimulant treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 27(2):373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.001

Molina-Carballo A, Checa-Ros A, Muñoz-Hoyos A (2016). Treatments and compositions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 26(7):799–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2016.1182989

Stahl SM. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (5. edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Amiri S, Farhang S, Ghoreishizadeh MA, Malek A, Mohammadzadeh S (2012). Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 27(1):76–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1274

Hashemian F, Mohammadian S, Riahi F, Ghaeli P, Ghodsi D (2011). A comparison of the effects of reboxetine and placebo on reaction time in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Daru 19(3):231–235

Koblan KS, Hopkins SC, Sarma K, Jin F, Goldman R et al (2015). Dasotraline for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial in adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 40(12):2745–2752

Adler LA, Gorny SW (2015). Pilot study of Droxidopa with Carbidopa in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 23(2):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715580393

Chen Z, Skolnick P (2007). Triple uptake inhibitors: therapeutic potential in depression and beyond. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 16(9):1365–1377. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.16.9.1365

Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;71(6):754-63. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04902pur. Epub 2009 Dec 29. PMID: 20051220.

Reimherr FW, Marchant BK, Strong RE, Hedges DW, Adler L, Spencer TJ, West SA, Soni P. Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD and response to atomoxetine. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul 15;58(2):125-31. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.040. PMID: 16038683.

Quinn PD, Chang Z, Hur K, Gibbons RD, Lahey BB, Rickert ME, Sjölander A, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM. ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 1;174(9):877-885. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16060686. Epub 2017 Jun 29. PMID: 28659039; PMCID: PMC5581231.

Cortese S, D'Acunto G, Konofal E, Masi G, Vitiello B. New Formulations of Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Tolerability. CNS Drugs. 2017 Feb;31(2):149-160. doi: 10.1007/s40263-017-0409-0. PMID: 28130762.

Steingard R, Taskiran S, Connor DF, Markowitz JS, Stein MA. New Formulations of Stimulants: An Update for Clinicians. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jun;29(5):324-339. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0043. Epub 2019 Apr 30. Erratum in: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2020 Apr;30(3):202. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0043.correx. PMID: 31038360; PMCID: PMC7207053.

Childress A, Mehrotra S, Gobburu J, McLean A, DeSousa NJ, Incledon B. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of HLD200, a Delayed-Release and Extended-Release Methylphenidate Formulation, in Healthy Adults and in Adolescents and Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Feb;28(1):10-18. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0044. Epub 2017 Oct 17. PMID: 29039979; PMCID: PMC5771548.

Spencer TJ, Faraone SV, Michelson D, Adler LA, Reimherr FW, Glatt SJ, Biederman J. Atomoxetine and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the effects of comorbidity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;67(3):415-20. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0312. PMID: 16649828.

Volkow ND, Swanson JM. Clinical practice: Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 14;369(20):1935-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1212625. PMID: 24224626; PMCID: PMC4827421.

Kuperman S, Perry PJ, Gaffney GR et al. Bupropion SR vs. methylphenidate vs. placebo for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 13, 129-34 (2001).

Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J et al. A controlled clinical trial of bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 282-8 (2001).

Levin FR, Evans SM, McDowell DM, Brooks DJ, Nunes E. Bupropion treatment for cocaine abuse and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Addict. Dis. 21, 1-16 (2002).

Wilens TE, Haight BR, Horrigan JP et al. Bupropion XL in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Biol. Psychiatry 57, 793-801 (2005).

Hamedi M, Mohammdi M, Ghaleiha A et al. Bupropion in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a randomized, double-blind study. Acta Med. Iran 52, 675-80 (2014).

Amiri S, Farhang S, Ghoreishizadeh MA, Malek A, Mohammadzadeh S. Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 27, 76-81 (2012).

Park P, Caballero J, Omidian H. Use of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in pediatrics. Ann. Pharmacother. 48, 86-92 (2014).

Arnsten AF, Pliszka SR. Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 99, 211-216 (2011).

Taylor FB, Russo J. Comparing guanfacine and dextroamphetamine for the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 21, 223-8 (2001).

Stahl SM, (2024) Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology Prescriber’s Guide Eighth Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Torres I, Gómez N, Colom F, et al. Bipolar disorder with comorbid attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Main clinical features and clues for an accurate diagnosis. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Online (2015).

Dorrego MF, Canevaro L, Kuzis G, Sabe L, Starkstein SE. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of methylphenidate and lithium in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: preliminary findings. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 14, 289-95 (2002).

Taylor, D. M., Barnes, T. R. E., & Young, A. H. (2021). The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry (14th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Huang F, Tang YL, Zhao M, Wang Y, Pan M, Wang Y, Qian Q. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD: A Randomized Clinical Trial in China. J Atten Disord. 2019 Jul;23(9):1035-1046. doi: 10.1177/1087054717725874. Epub 2017 Sep 2. PMID: 28866911.

Mongia M, Hechtman L. Cognitive behavior therapy for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review of recent randomized controlled trials. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Oct;14(5):561-7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0303-x. PMID: 22878974.

Bergey M. "Pills Don't Teach Skills": ADHD Coaching, Identity Work, and the Push toward the Liminal Medicalization of ADHD. J Health Soc Behav. 2024 Jun;65(2):256-272. doi: 10.1177/00221465231220385. Epub 2024 Jan 27. PMID: 38279814.

Prevatt F. Coaching for College Students with ADHD. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016 Dec;18(12):110. doi: 10.1007/s11920-016-0751-9. PMID: 27783338.

Pan, M. R., Zhao, M. J., Liu, L., Li, H. M., Wang, Y. F., & Qian, Q. J. (2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy in groups for medicated adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 10(10), e037514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037514

Mercier, A., Paquette, B., Hoeft, F., & Richter, C. G. (2024). Online peer mentoring for youth with learning differences. Research square, rs.3.rs-5189431. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5189431/v1

Fang, Y., Sun, F., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Lau, M., Huang, K., Yeung, M. K., Kranz, G. S., & Chan, C. C. H. (2024). Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity for the executive function, symptomology, and motor competence of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in developmental disabilities, 155, 104880. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104880

Peppers, K. H., Eisbach, S., Atkins, S., Poole, J. M., & Derouin, A. (2016). An Intervention to Promote Sleep and Reduce ADHD Symptoms. Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners, 30(6), e43–e48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.07.008

Rojo-Marticella, M., Arija, V., Alda, J. Á., Morales-Hidalgo, P., Esteban-Figuerola, P., & Canals, J. (2022). Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?. Nutrients, 14(6), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061131

Millichap, J. G., & Yee, M. M. (2012). The diet factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 129(2), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2199

Okada, T., Sotodate, T., Ogasawara-Shimizu, M., & Nishigaki, N. (2024). Psychiatric comorbidities of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Japan: a nationwide population-based study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 15, 1359872. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359872

Schubiner, H., Tzelepis, A., Isaacson, J. H., Warbasse, L. H., 3rd, Zacharek, M., & Musial, J. (1995). The dual diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: case reports and literature review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 56(4), 146–150.

Levin, F. R., Mariani, J. J., Specker, S., Mooney, M., Mahony, A., Brooks, D. J., Babb, D., Bai, Y., Eberly, L. E., Nunes, E. V., & Grabowski, J. (2015). Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts vs Placebo for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 72(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.41

Huybrechts, K. F., Bröms, G., Christensen, L. B., Einarsdóttir, K., Engeland, A., Furu, K., Gissler, M., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Karlsson, P., Karlstad, Ø., Kieler, H., Lahesmaa-Korpinen, A. M., Mogun, H., Nørgaard, M., Reutfors, J., Sørensen, H. T., Zoega, H., & Bateman, B. T. (2018). Association Between Methylphenidate and Amphetamine Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Malformations: A Cohort Study From the International Pregnancy Safety Study Consortium. JAMA psychiatry, 75(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3644

Cooper W. O. (2018). Shedding Light on the Risks of Methylphenidate and Amphetamine in Pregnancy. JAMA psychiatry, 75(2), 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3882

Viktorin, A., Rydén, E., Thase, M. E., Chang, Z., Lundholm, C., D'Onofrio, B. M., Almqvist, C., Magnusson, P. K., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & Landén, M. (2017). The Risk of Treatment-Emergent Mania With Methylphenidate in Bipolar Disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 174(4), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16040467

Miskowiak, K. W., Obel, Z. K., Guglielmo, R., Bonnin, C. D. M., Bowie, C. R., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Burdick, K. E., Carvalho, A. F., Dols, A., Douglas, K., Gallagher, P., Kessing, L. V., Lafer, B., Lewandowski, K. E., López-Jaramillo, C., Martinez-Aran, A., McIntyre, R. S., Porter, R. J., Purdon, S. E., Schaffer, A., Hasler, G. (2024). Efficacy and safety of established and off-label ADHD drug therapies for cognitive impairment or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in bipolar disorder: A systematic review by the ISBD Targeting Cognition Task Force. Bipolar disorders, 26(3), 216–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13414

Rubia K (2021) Editorial: precision medicine in neurotherapeutics for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 60(7):813–815.

Arnold, L.E.; Arns, M.; Barterian, J.; Bergman, R.; Black, S.; Conners, C.K.; Connor, S.; Dasgupta, S.; Debeus, R.; Higgins, T.; et al. Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With 13-Month Follow-up. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2020, 60, 841–855.

Rubia, K.; Criaud, M.;Wulff, M.; Alegria, A.; Brinson, H.; Barker, G.; Stahl, D.; Giampietro, V. Functional connectivity changes associated with fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with ADHD. NeuroImage 2019, 188, 43–58.

Riesco-Matías, P.; Yela-Bernabé, J.R.; Crego, A.; Sánchez-Zaballos, E. What Do Meta-Analyses Have to Say About the Efficacy of Neurofeedback Applied to Children With ADHD? Review of Previous Meta-Analyses and a New Meta-Analysis. J. Atten. Disord. 2021, 25, 473–485.

Sonuga-Barke, E.; Brandeis, D.; Cortese, S.; Daley, D.; Danckaerts, M.; Dopfner, M.; Ferrin, M.; Holtmann, M.; Van der Oord, S.Evidence for Efficacy of Neurofeedback in ADHD? Response. Am. J. Psychiatry 2013, 170, 800–802.

Bleich-Cohen, M., Gurevitch, G., Carmi, N., Medvedovsky, M., Bregman, N., Nevler, N., Elman, K., Ginou, A., Zangen, A., & Ash, E. L. (2021). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of prefrontal cortex deep transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in adults with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder: A double blind, randomized clinical trial. NeuroImage. Clinical, 30, 102670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102670)

Chen, Y. H., Liang, S. C., Sun, C. K., Cheng, Y. S., Tzang, R. F., Chiu, H. J., Wang, M. Y., Cheng, Y. C., & Hung, K. C. (2023). A meta-analysis on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 756. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05261-2

Paz, Y.; Friedwald, K.; Levkovitz, Y.; Zangen, A.; Alyagon, U.; Nitzan, U.; Segev, A.; Maoz, H.; Koubi, M.; Bloch, Y. Randomised sham-controlled study of high-frequency bilateral deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to treat adult attention hyperactive disorder (ADHD): Negative results. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2017, 19, 561–566.

Alyagon, U.; Shahar, H.; Hadar, A.; Barnea-Ygael, N.; Lazarovits, A.; Shalev, H.; Zangen, A. Alleviation of ADHD symptoms by non-invasive right prefrontal stimulation is correlated with EEG activity. NeuroImage Clin. 2020, 26, 102206.

Huang, R., & Liu, Y. (2024). Research progress of tDCS in the treatment of ADHD. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 10.1007/s00702-024-02853-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-024-02853-4

FDA permits marketing of first medical device for treatment of ADHD | FDA

McGough JJ, Loo SK, Sturm A, Cowen J, Leuchter AF, Cook IA. (2015) An eight-week, open-trial, pilot feasibility study of trigeminal nerve stimulation in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Stimul 8(2):299–304.

McGough JJ, Sturm A, Cowen J, Tung K, Salgari GC, Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Sugar CA, Loo SK (2019) Double-blind, sham-controlled, pilot study of trigeminal nerve stimulation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatr 58(4):403-411.e403.

Rubia K (2021) Editorial: precision medicine in neurotherapeutics for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 60(7):813–815.

Shiozawa, P.; Da Silva, M.E.; De Carvalho, T.C.; Cordeiro, Q.; Brunoni, A.R.; Fregni, F. Transcutaneous vagus and trigeminal nerve stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatria 2014, 72, 542–547.

Referanslar

American Psychiatric Association Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC.

Wender, P. H., Reimherr, F. W., & Wood, D. R. (1985). Stimulant therapy of 'adult hyperactivity'. Archives of general psychiatry, 42(8), 840. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790310108018

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87] 2018 (Last updated September 2019); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG87.

Schatzberg AF, DeBattista C. (2019). Schatzberg’s Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Ninth Edition, American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Posner J., Polanczyk G. V., Sonuga-Barke E. (2020). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 395, 450–462. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)33004-1, PMID: [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar][Ref list].

Paiva, G. C. C., de Paula, J. J., Costa, D. S., Alvim-Soares, A., Santos, D. A. F. E., Jales, J. S., Romano-Silva, M. A., & de Miranda, D. M. (2024). Parent training for disruptive behavior symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1293244. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293244.

Biederman J., Faraone S. V. (2005). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366(9481), 237-248. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66915-2. Erratum in: Lancet, 367(9506), 210. PMID: 16023516.

Cole J. O., Boling L. A., Beake B. J. (1993). Stimulant drugs--medical needs, alternative indications, and related problems. NIDA Res Monogr, 131, 89-108. PMID: 8105389.

Schatzberg AF, DeBattista C. (2019). Schatzberg’s Manual of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Ninth Edition, American Psychiatric Association Publishing

Stahl SM. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (5. edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Cortese S., D'Acunto G., Konofal E., Masi G., Vitiello B. (2017). New formulations of methylphenidate for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and tolerability. CNS Drugs, 31(2), 149-160. doi: 10.1007/s40263-017-0409-0. PMID: 28130762.

Markowitz J. S., Straughn A. B., Patrick K. S. (2003). Advances in the pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: focus on methylphenidate formulations. Pharmacotherapy, 23(10), 1281–1299. https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.23.12.1281.32697.

Markowitz J. S., DeVane C. L., Pestreich L. K., Patrick K. S., Muniz R. (2006). A comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l-, and dl-threo-methylphenidate: an exploratory study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 16(6), 687–698. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2006.16.687.

Markowitz J. S., DeVane C. L., Ramamoorthy S., Zhu H. J. (2009). The psychostimulant d-threo-(R, R)-methylphenidate binds as an agonist to the 5HT(1A) receptor. Pharmazie, 64(2), 123–125.

Panizzon L. (1944). La preparazione di piridil- e piperidil- arilacetonitrili e di alcuni prodotti di trasformazione (parte Ia). Helv Chim Acta, 27(1), 1748–1756. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19440270122.

Williard R. L., Middaugh L. D., Zhu H. J., Patrick K. S. (2007). Methylphenidate and its ethanol transesterification metabolite ethylphenidate: brain disposition, monoamine transporters and motor activity. Behav Pharmacol, 18(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/FBP.0b013e3280143226.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87] 2018 (Last updated September 2019); https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG87.

Canadian Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Resource Alliance (CADDRA): Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, Third Edition, Toronto ON; CADDRA, 2011.

Dell’Osso B., Dobrea C., Cremaschi L., Arici C., Altamura A. C. (2014). Wake-promoting pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 16(12), 524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0524-2.

Heal D. J., Smith S. L., Gosden J., Nutt D. J. (2013). Amphetamine, past and present—a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford), 27(6), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113482532.

Iversen L. (2006). Neurotransmitter transporters and their impact on the development of psychopharmacology. British Journal of Pharmacology, 147(Suppl. 1):82–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706428

Hodgkins P., Shaw M., Coghill D., Hechtman L. (2012). Amfetamine and methylphenidate medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: complementary treatment options. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(9):477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0286-5

Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (2015a). Determina n. 488/2015: Inserimento del medicinale per uso umano «Metilfenidato (Ritalin)» nell’elenco dei medicinali erogabili a totale carico del Servizio sanitario nazionale. Gazzetta Ufciale Serie Generale n.107 del 11.5.2015. [Erişim tarihi: 31 Ağustos 2020].

Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (2015b). Determina n. 860/2015: Rettifica della determina 27 aprile 2015, n. 488/2015. Gazzetta Ufciale Serie Generale n.168 del 22–7–2015. [Erişim tarihi: 31 Ağustos 2020].

Goodman LS, Gilman AG, Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann Björn C (2011) Goodman & Gilmans the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 12th edn. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York

Goodman DW (2007a) Lisdexamphetamine dymesilate. The frst prodrug stimulant. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 4(8):39–45

Goodman DW (2007b) The consequences of attentiondefcit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Psychiatr Pract 13(5):318–327. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000290670.87236.18

Stahl SM. (2017). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Prescriber’s Guide (5. baskı). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Wood S, Sage JR, Shuman T, Anagnostaras SG (2013) Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation. Pharmacol Rev 66(1):193–221. https://doi.org/10. 1124/pr.112.007054

Spencer RC, Devilbiss DM, Berridge CW (2015) The cognitionenhancing efects of psychostimulants involve direct action in the prefrontal cortex. Biol Psychiatry 77(11):940–950. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.013

Bagot KS, Kaminer Y (2014) Efcacy of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in non-attention defcit hyperactivity disorder youth: a systematic review. Addiction 109(4):547–557. https:// doi.org/10.1111/add.12460

Kooij J., Bijlenga D., Salerno L., Jaeschke R., Bitter I., Balázs J.,... Asherson P. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. European Psychiatry, 56:14–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001

Storebø, O. J., Faltinsen, E., Zwi, M., Simonsen, E., & Gluud, C. (2018). The Jury Is Still Out on the Benefits and Harms of Methylphenidate for Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 104(4), 606–609. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1149

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management of ADHD in children, young people and adults. NICE guideline NG87.

American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5. baskı). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2016). Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Erişim adresi: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/clinical-investigation-medicinal-products-treatment-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder

Westover AN, Halm EA (2012) Do prescription stimulants increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events? A systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 12:41. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1471-2261-12-41

Hodgkins P, Shaw M, Coghill D, Hechtman L (2012) Amfetamine and methylphenidate medications for attention-defcit/hyperactivity disorder: complementary treatment options. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 21(9):477–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00787-012-0286-5

Feinberg SS (2004) Combining stimulants with monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a review of uses and one possible additional indication. J Clin Psychiatry 65(11):1520–1524. https://doi.org/10. 4088/JCP.v65n1113

Ross RG (2006) Psychotic and manic-like symptoms during stimulant treatment of attention defcit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry 163(7):1149–1152. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006. 163.7.1149

Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ (2013) Amphetamine, past and present—a pharmacological and clinical perspective. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford) 27(6):479–496. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0269881113482532

Pliszka SR. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(7):894–921.

Cortese S., Adamo N., Mohr-Jensen C., Hayes A., Brandeis D., & Banaschewski T. (2017). Better understand the impact of non-pharmacological interventions for ADHD across the lifespan. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(5):401–408.

Cortese S, Adamo N, Del Giovane C, Mohr-Jensen C, Hayes AJ, Carucci S, Atkinson LZ, Tessari L, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Hollis C, Simonof E, Zuddas A, Barbui C, Purgato M, Steinhausen HC, Shokraneh F, Xia J, Cipriani A (2018) Comparative efcacy and tolerability of medications for attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 5(9):727–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4

Sauer JM, Ring BJ, Witcher JW (2005). Clinical pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine. Clin Pharmacokinet 44(6):571–590. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003088-200544060-00002

Steinberg, S., & Chouinard, G. (1985). A case of mania associated with tomoxetine. The American journal of psychiatry, 142(12), 1517–1518. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.142.12.1517

Henderson T. A. (2004). Mania induction associated with atomoxetine. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 24(5), 567–568. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jcp.0000139760.11458.aa

Henderson, T. A., & Hartman, K. (2004). Aggression, mania, and hypomania induction associated with atomoxetine. Pediatrics, 114(3), 895–896. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1140

Ishizuka, T., Murotani, T., & Yamatodani, A. (2012). Action of modafinil through histaminergic and orexinergic neurons. Vitamins and hormones, 89, 259–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394623-2.00014-7

Perrine DM, Ross JT, Nervi SJ, Zimmerman RHA (2000). Short one-pot synthesis of bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin). J Chem Educ 77(11):1479. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p1479

Fava M, Rush AJ, Thase ME, Clayton A, Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Johnston JA (2005). 15 years of clinical experience with bupropion HCl: from bupropion to bupropion SR to bupropion XL. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 7(3):106–113. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v07n0305

Kriikku P, Ojanperä I (2016). The relationship between bupropion and suicide in post-mortem investigations. Forensic Sci Int 266:343–348

Oades RD. Dopamine-serotonin interactions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prog. Brain Res.172, 543-65 (2008).

Brea J, Castro-Palomino J, Yeste S, et al. Emerging opportunities and concerns for drug discovery at serotonin 5-HT2B receptors. Curr. Top Med. Chem. 10, 493-503 (2010).

Otasowie, J., Castells, X., Ehimare, U. P., & Smith, C. H. (2014). Tricyclic antidepressants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014(9), CD006997. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006997.pub2

Manor I, Rubin J, Daniely Y, Adler LA. Attention benefits after a single dose of metadoxine extended release in adults with predominantly inattentive ADHD. Postgrad. Med. 126, 7-16 (2014).

Pomerleau OF, Downey KK, Stelson FW, Pomerleau CS. Cigarette smoking in adult patients diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Subst. Abuse 7, 373-8 (1995).

Potter AS, Newhouse PA. Acute nicotine improves cognitive deficits in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 88, 407-17 (2008). Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 12:13 27 December 2015 25

Potter AS, Dunbar G, Mazzulla E, Hosford D, Newhouse PA. AZD3480, a novel nicotinic receptor agonist, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Biol. Psychiatry 75, 207-14 (2014). 35. Jucaite A, Öhd J, Potter AS et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of α4β 2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist AZD1446 (TC-6683) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231, 1251-65 (2014).

Hosking JG, Lam FC, Winstanley CA. Nicotine increases impulsivity and decreases willingness to exert cognitive effort despite improving attention in "slacker" rats: insights into cholinergic regulation of cost/benefit decision making. PLoS One 9, e111580 (2014).

Potter AS, Ryan KK, Newhouse PA. Effects of acute ultra-low dose mecamylamine on cognition in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Hum. Psychopharmacol. 24, 309-17 (2009))

Herring WJ, Wilens TE, Adler LA et al. Randomized controlled study of the histamine H3 inverse agonist MK-0249 in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 73, e891-8 (2012).

Riediger C, Schuster T, Barlinn K, Maier S, Weitz J, Siepmann T (2017). Adverse effects of antidepressants for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 8:307

Kolar D, Keller A, Golfinopoulos M, Cumyn L, Syer C, Hechtman L (2008). Treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 4(2):389–403

Spencer TJ, Biederman J, Wilens T (2004). Nonstimulant treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 27(2):373–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.001

Molina-Carballo A, Checa-Ros A, Muñoz-Hoyos A (2016). Treatments and compositions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 26(7):799–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2016.1182989

Stahl SM. (2021). Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications (5. edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Amiri S, Farhang S, Ghoreishizadeh MA, Malek A, Mohammadzadeh S (2012). Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 27(1):76–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1274

Hashemian F, Mohammadian S, Riahi F, Ghaeli P, Ghodsi D (2011). A comparison of the effects of reboxetine and placebo on reaction time in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Daru 19(3):231–235

Koblan KS, Hopkins SC, Sarma K, Jin F, Goldman R et al (2015). Dasotraline for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial in adults. Neuropsychopharmacology 40(12):2745–2752

Adler LA, Gorny SW (2015). Pilot study of Droxidopa with Carbidopa in adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord 23(2):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715580393

Chen Z, Skolnick P (2007). Triple uptake inhibitors: therapeutic potential in depression and beyond. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 16(9):1365–1377. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.16.9.1365

Faraone SV, Glatt SJ. A comparison of the efficacy of medications for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using meta-analysis of effect sizes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;71(6):754-63. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04902pur. Epub 2009 Dec 29. PMID: 20051220.

Reimherr FW, Marchant BK, Strong RE, Hedges DW, Adler L, Spencer TJ, West SA, Soni P. Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD and response to atomoxetine. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul 15;58(2):125-31. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.040. PMID: 16038683.

Quinn PD, Chang Z, Hur K, Gibbons RD, Lahey BB, Rickert ME, Sjölander A, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM. ADHD Medication and Substance-Related Problems. Am J Psychiatry. 2017 Sep 1;174(9):877-885. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16060686. Epub 2017 Jun 29. PMID: 28659039; PMCID: PMC5581231.

Cortese S, D'Acunto G, Konofal E, Masi G, Vitiello B. New Formulations of Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, and Tolerability. CNS Drugs. 2017 Feb;31(2):149-160. doi: 10.1007/s40263-017-0409-0. PMID: 28130762.

Steingard R, Taskiran S, Connor DF, Markowitz JS, Stein MA. New Formulations of Stimulants: An Update for Clinicians. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019 Jun;29(5):324-339. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0043. Epub 2019 Apr 30. Erratum in: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2020 Apr;30(3):202. doi: 10.1089/cap.2019.0043.correx. PMID: 31038360; PMCID: PMC7207053.

Childress A, Mehrotra S, Gobburu J, McLean A, DeSousa NJ, Incledon B. Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of HLD200, a Delayed-Release and Extended-Release Methylphenidate Formulation, in Healthy Adults and in Adolescents and Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018 Feb;28(1):10-18. doi: 10.1089/cap.2017.0044. Epub 2017 Oct 17. PMID: 29039979; PMCID: PMC5771548.

Spencer TJ, Faraone SV, Michelson D, Adler LA, Reimherr FW, Glatt SJ, Biederman J. Atomoxetine and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the effects of comorbidity. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;67(3):415-20. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0312. PMID: 16649828.

Volkow ND, Swanson JM. Clinical practice: Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. N Engl J Med. 2013 Nov 14;369(20):1935-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1212625. PMID: 24224626; PMCID: PMC4827421.

Kuperman S, Perry PJ, Gaffney GR et al. Bupropion SR vs. methylphenidate vs. placebo for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 13, 129-34 (2001).

Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J et al. A controlled clinical trial of bupropion for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 282-8 (2001).

Levin FR, Evans SM, McDowell DM, Brooks DJ, Nunes E. Bupropion treatment for cocaine abuse and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Addict. Dis. 21, 1-16 (2002).

Wilens TE, Haight BR, Horrigan JP et al. Bupropion XL in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Biol. Psychiatry 57, 793-801 (2005).

Hamedi M, Mohammdi M, Ghaleiha A et al. Bupropion in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a randomized, double-blind study. Acta Med. Iran 52, 675-80 (2014).

Amiri S, Farhang S, Ghoreishizadeh MA, Malek A, Mohammadzadeh S. Double-blind controlled trial of venlafaxine for treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 27, 76-81 (2012).

Park P, Caballero J, Omidian H. Use of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in pediatrics. Ann. Pharmacother. 48, 86-92 (2014).

Arnsten AF, Pliszka SR. Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 99, 211-216 (2011).

Taylor FB, Russo J. Comparing guanfacine and dextroamphetamine for the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 21, 223-8 (2001).

Stahl SM, (2024) Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology Prescriber’s Guide Eighth Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Torres I, Gómez N, Colom F, et al. Bipolar disorder with comorbid attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Main clinical features and clues for an accurate diagnosis. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Online (2015).

Dorrego MF, Canevaro L, Kuzis G, Sabe L, Starkstein SE. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study of methylphenidate and lithium in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: preliminary findings. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 14, 289-95 (2002).

Taylor, D. M., Barnes, T. R. E., & Young, A. H. (2021). The Maudsley prescribing guidelines in psychiatry (14th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Huang F, Tang YL, Zhao M, Wang Y, Pan M, Wang Y, Qian Q. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD: A Randomized Clinical Trial in China. J Atten Disord. 2019 Jul;23(9):1035-1046. doi: 10.1177/1087054717725874. Epub 2017 Sep 2. PMID: 28866911.

Mongia M, Hechtman L. Cognitive behavior therapy for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review of recent randomized controlled trials. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Oct;14(5):561-7. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0303-x. PMID: 22878974.

Bergey M. "Pills Don't Teach Skills": ADHD Coaching, Identity Work, and the Push toward the Liminal Medicalization of ADHD. J Health Soc Behav. 2024 Jun;65(2):256-272. doi: 10.1177/00221465231220385. Epub 2024 Jan 27. PMID: 38279814.

Prevatt F. Coaching for College Students with ADHD. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2016 Dec;18(12):110. doi: 10.1007/s11920-016-0751-9. PMID: 27783338.

Pan, M. R., Zhao, M. J., Liu, L., Li, H. M., Wang, Y. F., & Qian, Q. J. (2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy in groups for medicated adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 10(10), e037514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037514

Mercier, A., Paquette, B., Hoeft, F., & Richter, C. G. (2024). Online peer mentoring for youth with learning differences. Research square, rs.3.rs-5189431. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5189431/v1

Fang, Y., Sun, F., Wang, Z., Yang, Y., Lau, M., Huang, K., Yeung, M. K., Kranz, G. S., & Chan, C. C. H. (2024). Cognitively combined/engaged physical activity for the executive function, symptomology, and motor competence of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in developmental disabilities, 155, 104880. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104880

Peppers, K. H., Eisbach, S., Atkins, S., Poole, J. M., & Derouin, A. (2016). An Intervention to Promote Sleep and Reduce ADHD Symptoms. Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners, 30(6), e43–e48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2016.07.008

Rojo-Marticella, M., Arija, V., Alda, J. Á., Morales-Hidalgo, P., Esteban-Figuerola, P., & Canals, J. (2022). Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers?. Nutrients, 14(6), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061131

Millichap, J. G., & Yee, M. M. (2012). The diet factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics, 129(2), 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2199

Okada, T., Sotodate, T., Ogasawara-Shimizu, M., & Nishigaki, N. (2024). Psychiatric comorbidities of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Japan: a nationwide population-based study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 15, 1359872. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1359872

Schubiner, H., Tzelepis, A., Isaacson, J. H., Warbasse, L. H., 3rd, Zacharek, M., & Musial, J. (1995). The dual diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: case reports and literature review. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 56(4), 146–150.

Levin, F. R., Mariani, J. J., Specker, S., Mooney, M., Mahony, A., Brooks, D. J., Babb, D., Bai, Y., Eberly, L. E., Nunes, E. V., & Grabowski, J. (2015). Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts vs Placebo for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cocaine Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 72(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.41

Huybrechts, K. F., Bröms, G., Christensen, L. B., Einarsdóttir, K., Engeland, A., Furu, K., Gissler, M., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Karlsson, P., Karlstad, Ø., Kieler, H., Lahesmaa-Korpinen, A. M., Mogun, H., Nørgaard, M., Reutfors, J., Sørensen, H. T., Zoega, H., & Bateman, B. T. (2018). Association Between Methylphenidate and Amphetamine Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Malformations: A Cohort Study From the International Pregnancy Safety Study Consortium. JAMA psychiatry, 75(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3644

Cooper W. O. (2018). Shedding Light on the Risks of Methylphenidate and Amphetamine in Pregnancy. JAMA psychiatry, 75(2), 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3882

Viktorin, A., Rydén, E., Thase, M. E., Chang, Z., Lundholm, C., D'Onofrio, B. M., Almqvist, C., Magnusson, P. K., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & Landén, M. (2017). The Risk of Treatment-Emergent Mania With Methylphenidate in Bipolar Disorder. The American journal of psychiatry, 174(4), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16040467

Miskowiak, K. W., Obel, Z. K., Guglielmo, R., Bonnin, C. D. M., Bowie, C. R., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Burdick, K. E., Carvalho, A. F., Dols, A., Douglas, K., Gallagher, P., Kessing, L. V., Lafer, B., Lewandowski, K. E., López-Jaramillo, C., Martinez-Aran, A., McIntyre, R. S., Porter, R. J., Purdon, S. E., Schaffer, A., Hasler, G. (2024). Efficacy and safety of established and off-label ADHD drug therapies for cognitive impairment or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in bipolar disorder: A systematic review by the ISBD Targeting Cognition Task Force. Bipolar disorders, 26(3), 216–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.13414

Rubia K (2021) Editorial: precision medicine in neurotherapeutics for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 60(7):813–815.

Arnold, L.E.; Arns, M.; Barterian, J.; Bergman, R.; Black, S.; Conners, C.K.; Connor, S.; Dasgupta, S.; Debeus, R.; Higgins, T.; et al. Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial of Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With 13-Month Follow-up. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2020, 60, 841–855.

Rubia, K.; Criaud, M.;Wulff, M.; Alegria, A.; Brinson, H.; Barker, G.; Stahl, D.; Giampietro, V. Functional connectivity changes associated with fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with ADHD. NeuroImage 2019, 188, 43–58.

Riesco-Matías, P.; Yela-Bernabé, J.R.; Crego, A.; Sánchez-Zaballos, E. What Do Meta-Analyses Have to Say About the Efficacy of Neurofeedback Applied to Children With ADHD? Review of Previous Meta-Analyses and a New Meta-Analysis. J. Atten. Disord. 2021, 25, 473–485.

Sonuga-Barke, E.; Brandeis, D.; Cortese, S.; Daley, D.; Danckaerts, M.; Dopfner, M.; Ferrin, M.; Holtmann, M.; Van der Oord, S.Evidence for Efficacy of Neurofeedback in ADHD? Response. Am. J. Psychiatry 2013, 170, 800–802.

Bleich-Cohen, M., Gurevitch, G., Carmi, N., Medvedovsky, M., Bregman, N., Nevler, N., Elman, K., Ginou, A., Zangen, A., & Ash, E. L. (2021). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of prefrontal cortex deep transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in adults with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder: A double blind, randomized clinical trial. NeuroImage. Clinical, 30, 102670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102670)

Chen, Y. H., Liang, S. C., Sun, C. K., Cheng, Y. S., Tzang, R. F., Chiu, H. J., Wang, M. Y., Cheng, Y. C., & Hung, K. C. (2023). A meta-analysis on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. BMC psychiatry, 23(1), 756. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05261-2

Paz, Y.; Friedwald, K.; Levkovitz, Y.; Zangen, A.; Alyagon, U.; Nitzan, U.; Segev, A.; Maoz, H.; Koubi, M.; Bloch, Y. Randomised sham-controlled study of high-frequency bilateral deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to treat adult attention hyperactive disorder (ADHD): Negative results. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2017, 19, 561–566.

Alyagon, U.; Shahar, H.; Hadar, A.; Barnea-Ygael, N.; Lazarovits, A.; Shalev, H.; Zangen, A. Alleviation of ADHD symptoms by non-invasive right prefrontal stimulation is correlated with EEG activity. NeuroImage Clin. 2020, 26, 102206.

Huang, R., & Liu, Y. (2024). Research progress of tDCS in the treatment of ADHD. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 10.1007/s00702-024-02853-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-024-02853-4

FDA permits marketing of first medical device for treatment of ADHD | FDA

McGough JJ, Loo SK, Sturm A, Cowen J, Leuchter AF, Cook IA. (2015) An eight-week, open-trial, pilot feasibility study of trigeminal nerve stimulation in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Stimul 8(2):299–304.

McGough JJ, Sturm A, Cowen J, Tung K, Salgari GC, Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Sugar CA, Loo SK (2019) Double-blind, sham-controlled, pilot study of trigeminal nerve stimulation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child AdolescPsychiatr 58(4):403-411.e403.

Rubia K (2021) Editorial: precision medicine in neurotherapeutics for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr 60(7):813–815.

Shiozawa, P.; Da Silva, M.E.; De Carvalho, T.C.; Cordeiro, Q.; Brunoni, A.R.; Fregni, F. Transcutaneous vagus and trigeminal nerve stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatria 2014, 72, 542–547.

Yayınlanan

5 Haziran 2026

Lisans

Lisans