Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tedavisinde Nonstimülan İlaçlar

Pliszka, S., & AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(7), 894–921.

Nutt, D. J., Fone, K., Asherson, P., Bramble, D., Hill, P., Matthews, K., et al. (2007). Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(1), 10–41.

Liu, Q., Zhang, H., Fang, Q., & Qin, L. (2017). Comparative efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and atomoxetine for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Meta-analysis based on head-to-head trials. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39(9), 854–865.

Connor, D. F., Arnsten, A. F., Pearson, G. S., & Greco, G. F. (2014). Guanfacine extended release for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 15(11), 1601–1610.

Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., et al. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528.

Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA). (2020). Canadian ADHD practice guidelines (4.1 ed.). Toronto, ON: CADDRA.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2018, March 14). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management (NICE guideline NG87). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87

May, T., Birch, E., Chaves, K., Cranswick, N., Culnane, E., Delaney, J., et al. (2023). The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Advance online publication.

Coghill, D., Banaschewski, T., Cortese, S., Asherson, P., Brandeis, D., Buitelaar, J., Daley, D., Danckaerts, M., Dittmann, R. W., Doepfner, M., Ferrin, M., Hollis, C., Holtmann, M., Paramala, S., Sonuga-Barke, E., Soutullo, C., Steinhausen, H. C., Van der Oord, S., Wong, I. C. K., Zuddas, A., & Simonoff, E. (2023). The management of ADHD in children and adolescents: Bringing evidence to the clinic: Perspective from the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(8), 1337–1361.

Bushe, C. J., & Savill, N. C. (2014). Systematic review of atomoxetine data in childhood and adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 2009–2011: Focus on clinical efficacy and safety. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 28(3), 204–211.

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 230, 107940.

Childress, A. C., & Sallee, F. R. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with inadequateresponse to stimulants: Approaches to management. CNS Drugs, 28(2), 121–129.

Kratochvil, C. J., Vaughan, B. S., Harrington, M. J., & Burke, W. J. (2003). Atomoxetine: A selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 4(7), 1165–1174.

Fu, D., Wu, D. D., Guo, H. L., Hu, Y. H., Xia, Y., Ji, X., et al. (2022). The mechanism, clinical efficacy, safety, and dosage regimen of atomoxetine for ADHD therapy in children: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 780921.

Morón, J. A., Brockington, A., Wise, R. A., Rocha, B. A., & Hope, B. T. (2002). Dopamine uptake through the norepinephrine transporter in brain regions with low levels of the dopamine transporter: Evidence from knock-out mouse lines. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(2), 389–395.

Upadhyaya, H. P., Desaiah, D., Schuh, K. J., Bymaster, F. P., Kallman, M. J., Clarke, D. O., et al. (2013). A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: A nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 189–200.

Li, W. Y., Strang, S. E., Brown, D. R., Smith, R., Silcox, D. L., Li, S. G., et al. (2010). Atomoxetine changes rat's HR response to stress from tachycardia to bradycardia via alterationsin autonomic function. Autonomic Neuroscience, 154(1–2), 48–53.

Khoodoruth, M. A. S., Ouanes, S., & Khan, Y. S. (2022). A systematic review of the use of atomoxetine for management of comorbid anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104275.

Fedder, D., Patel, H., & Saadabadi, A. (2023, March 27). Atomoxetine. In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved January 2025, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/

Ercan, E. S., Avcı, A., Mukaddes Motavallı, N., Semerci, B., Şenol, S., & Yazgan, Y. (2008). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu: Klinik uygulama kılavuzu Türkiye. Türkiye.

Sharma, A., & Couture, J. (2014). A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 48(2), 209–225.

Groom, M. J., & Cortese, S. (2022). Current pharmacological treatments for ADHD. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (Vol. 57, pp. 19–50). Springer.

Paxton, G. A., & Cranswick, N. E. (2008). Acute suicidality after commencing atomoxetine. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 44(10), 596–598.

Capuano, A., Scavone, C., Rafaniello, C., Arcieri, R., Rossi, F., & Panei, P. (2014). Atomoxetine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 13(Suppl 1), S69–S78.

Bangs, M. E., Wietecha, L. A., Wang, S., Buchanan, A. S., & Kelsey, D. K. (2014). Meta-analysis of suicide-related behavior or ideation in child, adolescent, and adult patients treated with atomoxetine. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 24(8), 426–434.

Davies, M., Coughtrie, A., Layton, D., & Shakir, S. A. (2017). Use of atomoxetine and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents: Results of an observational cohort study within general practice in England. European Psychiatry, 39, 11–16.

Bangs, M. E., Jin, L., Zhang, S., Desaiah, D., Allen, A. J., Read, H. A., et al. (2008). Hepatic events associated with atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. DrugSafety, 31(4), 345–354.

Lim, J. R., Faught, P. R., Chalasani, N. P., & Molleston, J. P. (2006). Severe liver injury after initiating therapy with atomoxetine in two children. Journal of Pediatrics, 148(6), 831–834.

Stojanovski, S. D., Casavant, M. J., Mousa, H. M., Baker, P., & Nahata, M. C. (2007). Atomoxetine-induced hepatitis in a child. Clinical Toxicology, 45(1), 51–55.

Erdogan, A., Ozcay, F., Piskin, E., Karaman, M. G., Bilezikci, B., Calik, M., et al. (2011). Idiosyncratic liver failure probably associated with atomoxetine: A case report. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 21(3), 295–297.

Taylor, C., Crosby, I., Yip, V., Maguire, P., Pirmohamed, M., & Turner, R. M. (2020). A review of the important role of CYP2D6 in pharmacogenomics. Genes, 11(11), 1295.

Teh, L. K., & Bertilsson, L. (2012). Pharmacogenomics of CYP2D6: Molecular genetics, interethnic differences and clinical importance. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 27(1),55–67.

Zhou, S. F., Liu, J. P., & Chowbay, B. (2009). Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its clinical impact. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 41(2), 89–295.

Yu, G., Li, G. F., & Markowitz, J. S. (2016). Atomoxetine: A review of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics relative to drug disposition. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26(4), 314–326.

Dean, L. (2015, September 10). Atomoxetine therapy and CYP2D6 genotype. In V. M. Pratt, S. A. Scott, M. Pirmohamed, B. Esquivel, B. L. Kattman, & A. J. Malheiro (Eds.), Medical genetics summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Updated 2020, June 29.

Sallee, F. R. (2010). The role of alpha2-adrenergic agonists in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgraduate Medicine, 122(5), 78–87.

Smith, R. J., & Aston-Jones, G. (2011). α(2) adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonistsprevent cue-induced cocaine seeking. Biological Psychiatry, 70(8), 712–719.

Sallee, F., Connor, D. F., & Newcorn, J. H. (2013). A review of the rationale and clinical utilization of α2-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and related disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(5), 308–319.

Carnovale, C., Perrotta, C., Baldelli, S., Cattaneo, D., Montrasio, C., Barbieri, S. S., et al. (2023). Antihypertensive drugs and brain function: Mechanisms underlying therapeutically beneficial and harmful neuropsychiatric effects. Cardiovascular Research, 119(3), 647–667. Erratum in: Cardiovascular Research. (2023, April 11).

Law, R., Lewis, D., Hain, D., Daut, R., DelBello, M. P., Frazier, J. A., et al. (2022). Characterisation of seven medications approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using in vitro models of hepatic metabolism. Xenobiotica, 52(7), 676–686.

Cao, C., Lorenz, M. L., Sojka, P., Brindle, A. W., & Topor, L. S. (2022). Hypertensive crisis in a pediatric patient experiencing clonidine withdrawal. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2022, 9005063.

Lamb, Y. N. (2021). Viloxazine: Pediatric first approval. Paediatric Drugs, 23(4), 403–409.

Yu, C., Garcia-Olivares, J., Candler, S., Schwabe, S., & Maletic, V. (2020). New insights into the mechanism of action of viloxazine: Serotonin and norepinephrine modulating properties. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 12, 285–300.

Mather, K., & Condren, M. (2022). Extended-release viloxazine for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27(5), 409–414.

Singh, A., Balasundaram, M. K., & Singh, A. (2022). Viloxazine for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, 14, 11795735221092522.

Goodell, K., & Erlich, D. (2023). Viloxazine (Qelbree) for ADHD. American Family Physician, 107(3), 309–310.

Pliszka, S., & AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(7), 894–921.

Nutt, D. J., Fone, K., Asherson, P., Bramble, D., Hill, P., Matthews, K., et al. (2007). Evidence-based guidelines for management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents in transition to adult services and in adults: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(1), 10–41.

Liu, Q., Zhang, H., Fang, Q., & Qin, L. (2017). Comparative efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and atomoxetine for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Meta-analysis based on head-to-head trials. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39(9), 854–865.

Connor, D. F., Arnsten, A. F., Pearson, G. S., & Greco, G. F. (2014). Guanfacine extended release for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 15(11), 1601–1610.

Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., et al. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528.

Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA). (2020). Canadian ADHD practice guidelines (4.1 ed.). Toronto, ON: CADDRA.

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2018, March 14). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Diagnosis and management (NICE guideline NG87). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87

May, T., Birch, E., Chaves, K., Cranswick, N., Culnane, E., Delaney, J., et al. (2023). The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Advance online publication.

Coghill, D., Banaschewski, T., Cortese, S., Asherson, P., Brandeis, D., Buitelaar, J., Daley, D., Danckaerts, M., Dittmann, R. W., Doepfner, M., Ferrin, M., Hollis, C., Holtmann, M., Paramala, S., Sonuga-Barke, E., Soutullo, C., Steinhausen, H. C., Van der Oord, S., Wong, I. C. K., Zuddas, A., & Simonoff, E. (2023). The management of ADHD in children and adolescents: Bringing evidence to the clinic: Perspective from the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(8), 1337–1361.

Bushe, C. J., & Savill, N. C. (2014). Systematic review of atomoxetine data in childhood and adolescent attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 2009–2011: Focus on clinical efficacy and safety. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 28(3), 204–211.

Mechler, K., Banaschewski, T., Hohmann, S., & Häge, A. (2022). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment options for ADHD in children and adolescents. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 230, 107940.

Childress, A. C., & Sallee, F. R. (2014). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with inadequateresponse to stimulants: Approaches to management. CNS Drugs, 28(2), 121–129.

Kratochvil, C. J., Vaughan, B. S., Harrington, M. J., & Burke, W. J. (2003). Atomoxetine: A selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 4(7), 1165–1174.

Fu, D., Wu, D. D., Guo, H. L., Hu, Y. H., Xia, Y., Ji, X., et al. (2022). The mechanism, clinical efficacy, safety, and dosage regimen of atomoxetine for ADHD therapy in children: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 780921.

Morón, J. A., Brockington, A., Wise, R. A., Rocha, B. A., & Hope, B. T. (2002). Dopamine uptake through the norepinephrine transporter in brain regions with low levels of the dopamine transporter: Evidence from knock-out mouse lines. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(2), 389–395.

Upadhyaya, H. P., Desaiah, D., Schuh, K. J., Bymaster, F. P., Kallman, M. J., Clarke, D. O., et al. (2013). A review of the abuse potential assessment of atomoxetine: A nonstimulant medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology, 226(2), 189–200.

Li, W. Y., Strang, S. E., Brown, D. R., Smith, R., Silcox, D. L., Li, S. G., et al. (2010). Atomoxetine changes rat's HR response to stress from tachycardia to bradycardia via alterationsin autonomic function. Autonomic Neuroscience, 154(1–2), 48–53.

Khoodoruth, M. A. S., Ouanes, S., & Khan, Y. S. (2022). A systematic review of the use of atomoxetine for management of comorbid anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104275.

Fedder, D., Patel, H., & Saadabadi, A. (2023, March 27). Atomoxetine. In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved January 2025, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862/

Ercan, E. S., Avcı, A., Mukaddes Motavallı, N., Semerci, B., Şenol, S., & Yazgan, Y. (2008). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu: Klinik uygulama kılavuzu Türkiye. Türkiye.

Sharma, A., & Couture, J. (2014). A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 48(2), 209–225.

Groom, M. J., & Cortese, S. (2022). Current pharmacological treatments for ADHD. In Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences (Vol. 57, pp. 19–50). Springer.

Paxton, G. A., & Cranswick, N. E. (2008). Acute suicidality after commencing atomoxetine. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 44(10), 596–598.

Capuano, A., Scavone, C., Rafaniello, C., Arcieri, R., Rossi, F., & Panei, P. (2014). Atomoxetine in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 13(Suppl 1), S69–S78.

Bangs, M. E., Wietecha, L. A., Wang, S., Buchanan, A. S., & Kelsey, D. K. (2014). Meta-analysis of suicide-related behavior or ideation in child, adolescent, and adult patients treated with atomoxetine. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 24(8), 426–434.

Davies, M., Coughtrie, A., Layton, D., & Shakir, S. A. (2017). Use of atomoxetine and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents: Results of an observational cohort study within general practice in England. European Psychiatry, 39, 11–16.

Bangs, M. E., Jin, L., Zhang, S., Desaiah, D., Allen, A. J., Read, H. A., et al. (2008). Hepatic events associated with atomoxetine treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. DrugSafety, 31(4), 345–354.

Lim, J. R., Faught, P. R., Chalasani, N. P., & Molleston, J. P. (2006). Severe liver injury after initiating therapy with atomoxetine in two children. Journal of Pediatrics, 148(6), 831–834.

Stojanovski, S. D., Casavant, M. J., Mousa, H. M., Baker, P., & Nahata, M. C. (2007). Atomoxetine-induced hepatitis in a child. Clinical Toxicology, 45(1), 51–55.

Erdogan, A., Ozcay, F., Piskin, E., Karaman, M. G., Bilezikci, B., Calik, M., et al. (2011). Idiosyncratic liver failure probably associated with atomoxetine: A case report. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 21(3), 295–297.

Taylor, C., Crosby, I., Yip, V., Maguire, P., Pirmohamed, M., & Turner, R. M. (2020). A review of the important role of CYP2D6 in pharmacogenomics. Genes, 11(11), 1295.

Teh, L. K., & Bertilsson, L. (2012). Pharmacogenomics of CYP2D6: Molecular genetics, interethnic differences and clinical importance. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 27(1),55–67.

Zhou, S. F., Liu, J. P., & Chowbay, B. (2009). Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 enzymes and its clinical impact. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 41(2), 89–295.

Yu, G., Li, G. F., & Markowitz, J. S. (2016). Atomoxetine: A review of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics relative to drug disposition. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26(4), 314–326.

Dean, L. (2015, September 10). Atomoxetine therapy and CYP2D6 genotype. In V. M. Pratt, S. A. Scott, M. Pirmohamed, B. Esquivel, B. L. Kattman, & A. J. Malheiro (Eds.), Medical genetics summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Updated 2020, June 29.

Sallee, F. R. (2010). The role of alpha2-adrenergic agonists in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgraduate Medicine, 122(5), 78–87.

Smith, R. J., & Aston-Jones, G. (2011). α(2) adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonistsprevent cue-induced cocaine seeking. Biological Psychiatry, 70(8), 712–719.

Sallee, F., Connor, D. F., & Newcorn, J. H. (2013). A review of the rationale and clinical utilization of α2-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and related disorders. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 23(5), 308–319.

Carnovale, C., Perrotta, C., Baldelli, S., Cattaneo, D., Montrasio, C., Barbieri, S. S., et al. (2023). Antihypertensive drugs and brain function: Mechanisms underlying therapeutically beneficial and harmful neuropsychiatric effects. Cardiovascular Research, 119(3), 647–667. Erratum in: Cardiovascular Research. (2023, April 11).

Law, R., Lewis, D., Hain, D., Daut, R., DelBello, M. P., Frazier, J. A., et al. (2022). Characterisation of seven medications approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using in vitro models of hepatic metabolism. Xenobiotica, 52(7), 676–686.

Cao, C., Lorenz, M. L., Sojka, P., Brindle, A. W., & Topor, L. S. (2022). Hypertensive crisis in a pediatric patient experiencing clonidine withdrawal. Case Reports in Pediatrics, 2022, 9005063.

Lamb, Y. N. (2021). Viloxazine: Pediatric first approval. Paediatric Drugs, 23(4), 403–409.

Yu, C., Garcia-Olivares, J., Candler, S., Schwabe, S., & Maletic, V. (2020). New insights into the mechanism of action of viloxazine: Serotonin and norepinephrine modulating properties. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 12, 285–300.

Mather, K., & Condren, M. (2022). Extended-release viloxazine for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 27(5), 409–414.

Singh, A., Balasundaram, M. K., & Singh, A. (2022). Viloxazine for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, 14, 11795735221092522.

Goodell, K., & Erlich, D. (2023). Viloxazine (Qelbree) for ADHD. American Family Physician, 107(3), 309–310.