Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğunda Fonksiyonel Nörogörüntüleme

Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2007). Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1337-1356. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.10.1337

Durston, S., Nederveen, H., van Dijk, S., van Belle, J., de Zeeuw, P., Langen, M., & van Dijk, A. (2009). Magnetic resonance simulation is effective in reducing anxiety related to magnetic resonance scanning in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(48), 206-207. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181930673

Yerys, B. E., Jankowski, K. F., Shook, D., Rosenberger, L. R., Barnes, K. A., Berl, M. M., ... & Gaillard, W. D. (2009). The fMRI success rate of children and adolescents: typical development, epilepsy, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Human brain mapping, 30(10), 3426-3435. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20767

Epstein, J. N., Casey, B. J., Tonev, S. T., Davidson, M., Reiss, A. L., Garrett, A., ... & Spicer, J. (2007). Assessment and prevention of head motion during imaging of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 155(1), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.009

Dosenbach, N. U., Koller, J. M., Earl, E. A., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Klein, R. L., Van, A. N., ... & Fair, D. A. (2017). Real-time motion analytics during brain MRI improve data quality and reduce costs. Neuroimage, 161, 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.025

Castellanos, F. X., & Proal, E. (2012). Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007

Moriguchi, Y., & Phillips, S. (2023). Evaluating the distinction between cool and hot executive function during childhood. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020313

Aron, A. R. (2011). From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biological psychiatry, 69(12), e55-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.025

Rubia, K., Smith, A., & Taylor, E. (2007). Performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on a test battery of impulsiveness. Child Neuropsychology, 13(3), 276-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600770761

Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects. JAMA psychiatry, 70(2), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.277

Lei, D., Du, M., Wu, M., Chen, T., Huang, X., Du, X., ... & Gong, Q. (2015). Functional MRI reveals different response inhibition between adults and children with ADHD. Neuropsychology, 29(6), 874. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000200

Luo, L., Liao, Y., Jia, F., Ning, G., Liu, J., Li, X., ... & Qu, H. (2024). Altered dynamic functional and effective connectivity in drug-naive children with Tourette syndrome. Translational Psychiatry, 14(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-02779-1

Rubia, K. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its clinical translation. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 12, 100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100

Menon, V. (2011). Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model.Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(10), 483-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003

Norman, L. J., Carlisi, C., Lukito, S., Hart, H., Mataix-Cols, D., Radua, J., & Rubia, K. (2016). Structural and functional brain abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparative meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 73(8), 815-825. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0700.

Cortese, S., Kelly, C., Chabernaud, C., Proal, E., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2012). Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), 1038-1055. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521

McCarthy, H., Skokauskas, N., and Frodl, T. (2014). Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a metaanalysis. Psychol. Med. 44, 869–880. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001037

Ercan, E. S., Suren, S., Bacanlı, A., Yazici, K. U., Callı, C., Ozyurt, O., ... & Rohde, L. A. (2016). Decreasing ADHD phenotypic heterogeneity: searching for neurobiological underpinnings of the restrictive inattentive phenotype. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 25, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0731-3

Vossel, S., Geng, J. J., & Fink, G. R. (2014). Dorsal and ventral attention systems: distinct neural circuits but collaborative roles. The Neuroscientist, 20(2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413494269

Peters, S. K., Dunlop, K., & Downar, J. (2016). Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: a central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 10, 104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2016.00104

Uddin, L. Q., Yeo, B. T., & Spreng, R. N. (2019). Towards a universal taxonomy of macro-scale functional human brain networks. Brain topography, 32(6), 926-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-019-00744-6

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual review of psychology, 64(1), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750

Barbey, A. K., Koenigs, M., & Grafman, J. (2013). Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory. cortex, 49(5), 1195-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.022

Bledowski, C., Rahm, B., & Rowe, J. B. (2009). What “works” in working memory? Separate systems for selection and updating of critical information. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(43), 13735-13741. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2547-09.2009

van Ewijk, H., Weeda, W. D., Heslenfeld, D. J., Luman, M., Hartman, C. A., Hoekstra, P. J., ... & Oosterlaan, J. (2015). Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 233(2), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.003

Rubia, K., & Smith, A. (2004). The neural correlates of cognitive time management: a review. Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis, 64(3), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.55782/ane-2004-1517

Noreika, V., Falter, C. M., & Rubia, K. (2013). Timing deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia, 51(2), 235-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036

Hart, H., Radua, J., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2012). Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2248-2256.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.003

Plichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014). Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.012

Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Guyer, A. E., Lunsford, J. R., Horsey, S. E., Reising, M. M., ... & Leibenluft, E. (2010). Amygdala activation during emotion processing of neutral faces in children with severe mood dysregulation versus ADHD or bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09010043

Posner, J., Nagel, B. J., Maia, T. V., Mechling, A., Oh, M., Wang, Z., & Peterson, B. S. (2011). Abnormal amygdalar activation and connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(8), 828-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.05.010

Barkley, R. A., and Fischer, M. (2010). The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 49, 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac2010.01.019

Graziano, P. A., McNamara, J. P., Geffken, G. R., and Reid, A. M. (2013). Differentiating co-occurring behavior problems in children with ADHD:patterns of emotional reactivity and executive functioning. J. Atten. Disord. 17, 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054711428741

Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., and Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 171, 276–293. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966

Wilbertz, G., Trueg, A., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Blechert, J., Philipsen, A., & Tebartz van Elst, L. (2013). Neural and psychophysiological markers of delay aversion in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 566. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031924

Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 98(2), 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.676

Sormaz, M., Murphy, C., Wang, H. T., Hymers, M., Karapanagiotidis, T., Poerio, G., ... & Smallwood, J. (2018). Default mode network can support the level of detail in experience during active task states. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9318-9323.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721259115

Broyd, S. J., Demanuele, C., Debener, S., Helps, S. K., James, C. J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2009). Default-mode brain dysfunction in mental disorders: a systematic review. Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews, 33(3), 279-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.002

Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: a neurobiological hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 31(7), 977-986 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.02.005

Fassbender, C., Zhang, H., Buzy, W. M., Cortes, C. R., Mizuiri, D., Beckett, L., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2009). A lack of default network suppression is linked to increased distractibility in ADHD. Brain research, 1273, 114-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.07

Yeo, B. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., ... & Buckner, R. L. (2011). The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00338.2011

Cortese S, Aoki YY, Itahashi T, Castellanos FX, Eickhoff SB (2021): Systematic review and meta-analysis: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 60:61–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.014

Gao Y, Shuai D, Bu X, Hu X, Tang S, Zhang L, et al. (2019): Impairments of large-scale functional networks in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Psychol Med 49:2475–2485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171900237X

Kowalczyk, O. S., Mehta, M. A., O’Daly, O. G., & Criaud, M. (2022). Task-based functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 2(4), 350-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.006

Sripada, C. S., Kessler, D., & Angstadt, M. (2014). Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(39), 14259-14264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407787111

Mooney MA, Hermosillo RJM, Feczko E, et al: Cumulative effects of resting-state connectivity across all brain networks significantly correlate with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1202232023. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1202-23.2023

Norman LJ, Sudre G, Price J, et al: Subcortico-cortical dysconnectivity in ADHD: a voxel-wise mega-analysis across multiple cohorts. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:553–562. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230026

Hoogman M, Bralten J, Hibar DP, et al: Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4

Rubia, K. (2024). Network connection issues in ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 181(6), 479-481. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240319

Swanson, J. M., Wigal, T., & Lakes, K. (2009). DSM-V and the future diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current psychiatry reports, 11(5), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0060-7

Wu, Z. M., Bralten, J., Cao, Q. J., Hoogman, M., Zwiers, M. P., An, L., ... & Wang, Y. F. (2017). White matter microstructural alterations in children with ADHD: categorical and dimensional perspectives. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(2), 572-580. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.223

Tozzi, L., Zhang, X., Pines, A., Olmsted, A. M., Zhai, E. S., Anene, E. T., ... & Williams, L. M. (2024). Personalized brain circuit scores identify clinically distinct biotypes in depression and anxiety. Nature Medicine, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03057-9

Feng, A., Zhi, D., Feng, Y., Jiang, R., Fu, Z., Xu, M., ... & Sui, J. (2024). Functional imaging derived ADHD biotypes based on deep clustering: a study on personalized medication therapy guidance. eClinicalMedicine, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102876

Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2007). Functional MRI in ADHD: a systematic literature review. Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1337-1356. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.7.10.1337

Durston, S., Nederveen, H., van Dijk, S., van Belle, J., de Zeeuw, P., Langen, M., & van Dijk, A. (2009). Magnetic resonance simulation is effective in reducing anxiety related to magnetic resonance scanning in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(48), 206-207. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181930673

Yerys, B. E., Jankowski, K. F., Shook, D., Rosenberger, L. R., Barnes, K. A., Berl, M. M., ... & Gaillard, W. D. (2009). The fMRI success rate of children and adolescents: typical development, epilepsy, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Human brain mapping, 30(10), 3426-3435. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20767

Epstein, J. N., Casey, B. J., Tonev, S. T., Davidson, M., Reiss, A. L., Garrett, A., ... & Spicer, J. (2007). Assessment and prevention of head motion during imaging of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 155(1), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.009

Dosenbach, N. U., Koller, J. M., Earl, E. A., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Klein, R. L., Van, A. N., ... & Fair, D. A. (2017). Real-time motion analytics during brain MRI improve data quality and reduce costs. Neuroimage, 161, 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.025

Castellanos, F. X., & Proal, E. (2012). Large-scale brain systems in ADHD: beyond the prefrontal–striatal model. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.11.007

Moriguchi, Y., & Phillips, S. (2023). Evaluating the distinction between cool and hot executive function during childhood. Brain Sciences, 13(2), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020313

Aron, A. R. (2011). From reactive to proactive and selective control: developing a richer model for stopping inappropriate responses. Biological psychiatry, 69(12), e55-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.025

Rubia, K., Smith, A., & Taylor, E. (2007). Performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on a test battery of impulsiveness. Child Neuropsychology, 13(3), 276-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600770761

Hart, H., Radua, J., Nakao, T., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2013). Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects. JAMA psychiatry, 70(2), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.277

Lei, D., Du, M., Wu, M., Chen, T., Huang, X., Du, X., ... & Gong, Q. (2015). Functional MRI reveals different response inhibition between adults and children with ADHD. Neuropsychology, 29(6), 874. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000200

Luo, L., Liao, Y., Jia, F., Ning, G., Liu, J., Li, X., ... & Qu, H. (2024). Altered dynamic functional and effective connectivity in drug-naive children with Tourette syndrome. Translational Psychiatry, 14(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-024-02779-1

Rubia, K. (2018). Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its clinical translation. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 12, 100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00100

Menon, V. (2011). Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model.Trends in cognitive sciences, 15(10), 483-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003

Norman, L. J., Carlisi, C., Lukito, S., Hart, H., Mataix-Cols, D., Radua, J., & Rubia, K. (2016). Structural and functional brain abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comparative meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry, 73(8), 815-825. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0700.

Cortese, S., Kelly, C., Chabernaud, C., Proal, E., Di Martino, A., Milham, M. P., & Castellanos, F. X. (2012). Toward systems neuroscience of ADHD: a meta-analysis of 55 fMRI studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(10), 1038-1055. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11101521

McCarthy, H., Skokauskas, N., and Frodl, T. (2014). Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a metaanalysis. Psychol. Med. 44, 869–880. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001037

Ercan, E. S., Suren, S., Bacanlı, A., Yazici, K. U., Callı, C., Ozyurt, O., ... & Rohde, L. A. (2016). Decreasing ADHD phenotypic heterogeneity: searching for neurobiological underpinnings of the restrictive inattentive phenotype. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 25, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0731-3

Vossel, S., Geng, J. J., & Fink, G. R. (2014). Dorsal and ventral attention systems: distinct neural circuits but collaborative roles. The Neuroscientist, 20(2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858413494269

Peters, S. K., Dunlop, K., & Downar, J. (2016). Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: a central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 10, 104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2016.00104

Uddin, L. Q., Yeo, B. T., & Spreng, R. N. (2019). Towards a universal taxonomy of macro-scale functional human brain networks. Brain topography, 32(6), 926-942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-019-00744-6

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual review of psychology, 64(1), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750

Barbey, A. K., Koenigs, M., & Grafman, J. (2013). Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory. cortex, 49(5), 1195-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.022

Bledowski, C., Rahm, B., & Rowe, J. B. (2009). What “works” in working memory? Separate systems for selection and updating of critical information. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(43), 13735-13741. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2547-09.2009

van Ewijk, H., Weeda, W. D., Heslenfeld, D. J., Luman, M., Hartman, C. A., Hoekstra, P. J., ... & Oosterlaan, J. (2015). Neural correlates of visuospatial working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 233(2), 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.003

Rubia, K., & Smith, A. (2004). The neural correlates of cognitive time management: a review. Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis, 64(3), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.55782/ane-2004-1517

Noreika, V., Falter, C. M., & Rubia, K. (2013). Timing deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Evidence from neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia, 51(2), 235-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.036

Hart, H., Radua, J., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rubia, K. (2012). Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of timing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2248-2256.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.003

Plichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014). Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 38, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.012

Brotman, M. A., Rich, B. A., Guyer, A. E., Lunsford, J. R., Horsey, S. E., Reising, M. M., ... & Leibenluft, E. (2010). Amygdala activation during emotion processing of neutral faces in children with severe mood dysregulation versus ADHD or bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(1), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09010043

Posner, J., Nagel, B. J., Maia, T. V., Mechling, A., Oh, M., Wang, Z., & Peterson, B. S. (2011). Abnormal amygdalar activation and connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(8), 828-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.05.010

Barkley, R. A., and Fischer, M. (2010). The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 49, 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac2010.01.019

Graziano, P. A., McNamara, J. P., Geffken, G. R., and Reid, A. M. (2013). Differentiating co-occurring behavior problems in children with ADHD:patterns of emotional reactivity and executive functioning. J. Atten. Disord. 17, 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054711428741

Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., and Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 171, 276–293. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966

Wilbertz, G., Trueg, A., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Blechert, J., Philipsen, A., & Tebartz van Elst, L. (2013). Neural and psychophysiological markers of delay aversion in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(2), 566. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031924

Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 98(2), 676-682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.98.2.676

Sormaz, M., Murphy, C., Wang, H. T., Hymers, M., Karapanagiotidis, T., Poerio, G., ... & Smallwood, J. (2018). Default mode network can support the level of detail in experience during active task states. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(37), 9318-9323.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721259115

Broyd, S. J., Demanuele, C., Debener, S., Helps, S. K., James, C. J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2009). Default-mode brain dysfunction in mental disorders: a systematic review. Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews, 33(3), 279-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.002

Sonuga-Barke, E. J., & Castellanos, F. X. (2007). Spontaneous attentional fluctuations in impaired states and pathological conditions: a neurobiological hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 31(7), 977-986 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.02.005

Fassbender, C., Zhang, H., Buzy, W. M., Cortes, C. R., Mizuiri, D., Beckett, L., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2009). A lack of default network suppression is linked to increased distractibility in ADHD. Brain research, 1273, 114-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.07

Yeo, B. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., ... & Buckner, R. L. (2011). The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. Journal of neurophysiology. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00338.2011

Cortese S, Aoki YY, Itahashi T, Castellanos FX, Eickhoff SB (2021): Systematic review and meta-analysis: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 60:61–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.014

Gao Y, Shuai D, Bu X, Hu X, Tang S, Zhang L, et al. (2019): Impairments of large-scale functional networks in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. Psychol Med 49:2475–2485. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171900237X

Kowalczyk, O. S., Mehta, M. A., O’Daly, O. G., & Criaud, M. (2022). Task-based functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 2(4), 350-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.006

Sripada, C. S., Kessler, D., & Angstadt, M. (2014). Lag in maturation of the brain’s intrinsic functional architecture in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(39), 14259-14264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407787111

Mooney MA, Hermosillo RJM, Feczko E, et al: Cumulative effects of resting-state connectivity across all brain networks significantly correlate with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1202232023. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1202-23.2023

Norman LJ, Sudre G, Price J, et al: Subcortico-cortical dysconnectivity in ADHD: a voxel-wise mega-analysis across multiple cohorts. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:553–562. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20230026

Hoogman M, Bralten J, Hibar DP, et al: Subcortical brain volume differences in participants with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: a cross-sectional mega-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2017; 4:310–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30049-4

Rubia, K. (2024). Network connection issues in ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 181(6), 479-481. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.20240319

Swanson, J. M., Wigal, T., & Lakes, K. (2009). DSM-V and the future diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Current psychiatry reports, 11(5), 399-406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0060-7

Wu, Z. M., Bralten, J., Cao, Q. J., Hoogman, M., Zwiers, M. P., An, L., ... & Wang, Y. F. (2017). White matter microstructural alterations in children with ADHD: categorical and dimensional perspectives. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(2), 572-580. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.223

Tozzi, L., Zhang, X., Pines, A., Olmsted, A. M., Zhai, E. S., Anene, E. T., ... & Williams, L. M. (2024). Personalized brain circuit scores identify clinically distinct biotypes in depression and anxiety. Nature Medicine, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-03057-9

Feng, A., Zhi, D., Feng, Y., Jiang, R., Fu, Z., Xu, M., ... & Sui, J. (2024). Functional imaging derived ADHD biotypes based on deep clustering: a study on personalized medication therapy guidance. eClinicalMedicine, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102876