Pedodontide Genel Anestezi

Coté CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Pediatric Dentistry. 2019;41(4):26e-52e.

Dentistry AAoP. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry Chicago, Ill: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. 2020:292-310.

Baghdadi ZD. Effects of dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia on children's oral health-related quality of life using proxy short versions of OHRQoL instruments. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:308439.

Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. The Cochrane Database of

Systematic Reviews.2018;12(12):Cd003877.

Savanheimo N, Sundberg SA, Virtanen JI, et al. Dental care and treatments provided under general anaesthesia in the Helsinki Public Dental Service. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:45.

Silva CC, Lavado C, Areias C, et al. Conscious sedation vs general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry - a review. Medical Express. 2015;2(1).

Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatric Dentistry. 2016;38(6):185-98.

Porcaro AB, Rizzetto R, Amigoni N, et al. American Society of Anesthesiologists’(ASA) physical status system and risk of major clavien-dindo complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at hospital discharge: analysis of 1143 consecutive prostate cancer patients. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2022;13(4):848-57.

CARE PO. American society of dentist anesthesiologists: parameters of care. Anesthesia Progress. 2018;65:197-203.

Yılmaz MZ, Türer A, Sümer M. Diş Hekimliği Pratiğinde Genel Anestezi: Derleme. Duzce Medical Journal. 2013;15(1):68-72.

Karaduran B, Solak SK, Koruyucu M. Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Genel Anestezi. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):696-705.

Akpinar H. Evaluation of general anesthesia and sedation during dental treatment in patients with special needs: A retrospective study. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.2019;19(4):191-9.

Elo JA, Sun HH. Anesthesia and Sedation. A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Volume 3: IntechOpen; 2016.

Frykholm P, Disma N, Andersson H, et al. Pre-operative fasting in children: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2022;39(1):4-25.

Rosada-Kurasińska J, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Wiernik A, et al. Is General Anesthesia Safe for a Child with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection? A Narrative Review. Pediatr Rep. 2025;17(5).

Use of Anesthesia Providers in the Administration of Office-based Deep Sedation/General Anesthesia to the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatric Dentistry. 2018;40(6):317-20.

Fletke KJ, Kaysin A, Jones S. Preoperative evaluation in children. American Family Physician. 2022;105(6):640-9.

Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-93.

Chen YP, Hsieh CY, Hsu WT, et al. A 10-year trend of dental treatments under general anesthesia of children in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2017;80(4):262-8.

Bartella AK, Lechner C, Kamal M, et al. The safety of paediatric dentistry procedures under general anaesthesia. A five-year experience of a tertiary care center. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2018;19(1):44-8.

Akpınar H. Genel anestezi altında dental tedavi yapılan olguların değerlendirilmesi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2019;44(2):341-6.

Stratmann G. Review article: Neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs in the developing brain. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2011;113(5):1170-9.

Sun L. Early childhood general anaesthesia exposure and neurocognitive development. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010;105 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i61-8.

Ganzberg S. The FDA Warning on Anesthesia Drugs. Anesthesia

Progress. 2017;64(2):57-8.

Campbell RL, Shetty NS, Shetty KS, et al. Pediatric Dental Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Uncooperative Children. Anesthesia

Progress. 2018;65(4):225-30.

Warner DO, Zaccariello MJ, Katusic SK, et al. Neuropsychological and Behavioral Outcomes after Exposure of Young Children to Procedures Requiring General Anesthesia: The Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) Study. Anesthesiology. 2018;129(1):89-105.

Liu X, Ji J, Zhao GQ. General anesthesia affecting on developing brain: evidence from animal to clinical research. Journal of Anesthesia. 2020;34(5):765-72.

Grabowski J, Goldin A, Arthur LG, et al. The effects of early anesthesia on neurodevelopment: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2021;56(5):851-61.

Zhang Q, Deng X, Wang Y, et al. Postoperative complications in Chinese children following dental general anesthesia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(45):e23065.

Boynes SG, Moore PA, Lewis CL, et al. Complications associated with anesthesia administration for dental treatment in a special needs clinic. Special Care in Dentistry : Official Publication of the

American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry For

the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry. 2010;30(1):3-7.

Kumar S, Verma N, Agarwal A. Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy: Cause of un-anticipated difficult intubation. Journal of Anaesthesiology,

Clinical Pharmacology. 2014;30(4):590-1.

Islam S, Selbong U, Taylor CJ, et al. Does a patient's Mallampati score predict outcome after maxillomandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnoea? British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015;53(1):23-7.

Kannikeswaran N, Mahajan PV, Sethuraman U, et al. Sedation medication received and adverse events related to sedation for brain MRI in children with and without developmental disabilities. Paediatric

Anaesthesia. 2009;19(3):250-6.

Ghafournia M, Eshghi A, Mosleh H, et al. Complications after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in Isfahan during February to May 2016. Dental Research Journal. 2021;18:53.

Doh RM. Foreign body aspiration during dental treatment under general anesthesia: A case report. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain

Medicine. 2019;19(2):119-23.

Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Safi Y. Death Rate of Dental Anaesthesia. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2017;11(6):Ze07-ze9.

Yi Y, Lee J, Yi H, et al. Variables Affecting General Anesthesia Time for Pediatric Dental Cases. Pediatric dentistry. 2015;37(7):508-12.

Gezgin O. Çocuklarda Genel Anestezi ve Sedasyon Altında Uygulanan Dental Tedavilerin Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):359-63.

ÖZER H, GÜNEŞ M. Retrospective Evaluation of Cases Undergoing Dental Treatments Under General Anesthesia. Journal of Ege University School of Dentistry/Ege Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;44(3).

Broscheit J, Kranke P. [The preoperative medication: background and specific indications for the selection of the drugs]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2008;43(2):134-43.

Kain ZN, Mayes LC, O'Connor TZ, et al. Preoperative anxiety in children. Predictors and outcomes. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 1996;150(12):1238-45.

Ghazal EA, Vadi MG, Mason LJ, et al. Preoperative evaluation, premedication, and induction of anesthesia. A Practice of Anesthesia for

Infants and Children. Elsevier; 2019. p. 35-68. e11.

Ramazani N. Different Aspects of General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: A Review. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2016;26(2):e2613.

Oriby ME. Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Ketamine Versus Intranasal Midazolam Premedication for Children Undergoing Dental Rehabilitation. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine. 2019;9(1):e85227.

Bd V, Goyal S, Sharma A, et al. Comparison of intranasal dexmedetomidine-midazolam, dexmedetomidine-ketamine, and midazolam-ketamine for premedication in paediatric patients: a double-blinded randomized trial. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy. 2023;55(2):103-8.

Almenrader N, Passariello M, Coccetti B, et al. Steal-induction after clonidine premedication: a comparison of the oral and nasal route. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2007;17(3):230-4.

Feng JF, Wang XX, Lu YY, et al. Effects of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for premedication in paediatric anaesthesia with sevoflurane: A meta-analysis. The Journal of International Medical

Research. 2017;45(3):912-23.

Jannu V, Mane RS, Dhorigol MG, et al. A comparison of oral midazolam and oral dexmedetomidine as premedication in pediatric anesthesia. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2016;10(4):390-Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Krivutza DM, et al. Trends in the practice of parental presence during induction of anesthesia and the use of preoperative sedative premedication in the United States, 1995-2002: results of a follow-up national survey. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2004;98(5):1252-9, table of contents.

Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, et al. Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology. 1984;61(1):27-35.

Feld LH, Negus JB, White PF. Oral midazolam preanesthetic medication in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology. 1990;73(5):831-4.

Rita L, Seleny FL, Mazurek A, et al. Intramuscular midazolam for pediatric preanesthetic sedation: a double-blind controlled study with morphine. Anesthesiology. 1985;63(5):528-31.

Taylor MB, Vine PR, Hatch DJ. Intramuscular midazolam premedication in small children. A comparison with papaveretum and hyoscine. Anaesthesia. 1986;41(1):21-6.

Saint-Maurice C, Landais A, Delleur MM, et al. The use of midazolam in diagnostic and short surgical procedures in children. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Supplementum. 1990;92:39-41; discussion 7.

Saarnivaara L, Lindgren L, Klemola UM. Comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam by mouth as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61(4):390-6.

Wilton NC, Leigh J, Rosen DR, et al. Preanesthetic sedation of preschool children using intranasal midazolam. Anesthesiology. 1988;69(6):972-5.

Walbergh EJ, Wills RJ, Eckhert J. Plasma concentrations of midazolam in children following intranasal administration. Anesthesiology. 1991;74(2):233-5.

Talon MD, Woodson LC, Sherwood ER, et al. Intranasal dexmedetomidine premedication is comparable with midazolam in burn children undergoing reconstructive surgery. Journal of Burn Care &

Research : Official Publication of the American Burn Association. 2009;30(4):599-605.

Lönnqvist PA, Habre W. Midazolam as premedication: is the emperor naked or just half-dressed? Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2005;15(4):263-5.

Kanegaye JT, Favela JL, Acosta M, et al. High-dose rectal midazolam for pediatric procedures: a randomized trial of sedative efficacy and agitation. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2003;19(5):329-36.

Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Zielińska M, Mierzewska-Schmidt M, et al. The consensus statement of the Section of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy of the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy on anaesthesia in children over 3 years of age. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy. 2025;57(1):304-31.

Cortiñas M, Oya B, Caparros P, et al. [Oral ketamine-midazolam premedication of uncooperative patients in major outpatient surgery]. Revista Espanola de Anestesiologia y Reanimacion. 2010;57(8):479-85.

Krauss B, Green SM. Sedation and analgesia for procedures in children. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342(13):938-45.

Peltoniemi MA, Hagelberg NM, Olkkola KT, et al. Ketamine: A Review of Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Anesthesia and Pain Therapy. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2016;55(9):1059-77.

White PF, Way WL, Trevor AJ. Ketamine--its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Anesthesiology. 1982;56(2):119-36.

Stevens RW, Hain WR. Tolerance to rectal ketamine in paediatric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1981;36(12):1089-93.

Gingrich BK. Difficulties encountered in a comparative study of orally administered midazolam and ketamine. Anesthesiology. 1994;80(6):1414-5.

Levänen J, Mäkelä ML, Scheinin H. Dexmedetomidine premedication attenuates ketamine-induced cardiostimulatory effects and postanesthetic delirium. Anesthesiology. 1995;82(5):1117-25.

Hannallah RS, Patel RI. Low-dose intramuscular ketamine for anesthesia pre-induction in young children undergoing brief outpatient procedures. Anesthesiology. 1989;70(4):598-600.

Verghese ST, Hannallah RS, Patel RI, et al. Ketamine and midazolam is an inappropriate preinduction combination in uncooperative children undergoing brief ambulatory procedures. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2003;13(3):228-32.

Tobias JD, Phipps S, Smith B, et al. Oral ketamine premedication to alleviate the distress of invasive procedures in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatrics. 1992;90(4):537-41.

Stewart KG, Rowbottom SJ, Aitken AW, et al. Oral ketamine premedication for paediatric cardiac surgery--a comparison with intramuscular morphine (both after oral trimeprazine). Anaesthesia And

Intensive Care. 1990;18(1):11-4.

Gutstein HB, Johnson KL, Heard MB, et al. Oral ketamine preanesthetic medication in children. Anesthesiology. 1992;76(1):28-33.

Weksler N, Ovadia L, Muati G, et al. Nasal ketamine for paediatric premedication. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal

Canadien D'anesthesie. 1993;40(2):119-21.

van der Bijl P, Roelofse JA, Stander IA. Rectal ketamine and midazolam for premedication in pediatric dentistry. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1991;49(10):1050-4.

Freriksen JJM, van der Zanden TM, Holsappel IGA, et al. Best Evidence-Based Dosing Recommendations for Dexmedetomidine for Premedication and Procedural Sedation in Pediatrics: Outcome of a Risk-Benefit Analysis By the Dutch Pediatric Formulary. Paediatric Drugs. 2022;24(3):247-57.

Yuen VM, Hui TW, Irwin MG, et al. Optimal timing for the administration of intranasal dexmedetomidine for premedication in children. Anaesthesia. 2010;65(9):922-9.

Xiang Z, Wu L, Wei S, et al. Effect of preoperative dexmedetomidine administration on the bispectral index in children during sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2025;25(1):72.

Sessler DI. Perioperative thermoregulation and heat balance. Lancet. 2016;387(10038):2655-64.

Weiss M, Engelhardt T. Proposal for the management of the unexpected difficult pediatric airway. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2010;20(5):454-64.

Orhon ZN, Orhon C. Investigation of the Optimum Time for Intravenous Access After Anesthesia Induction with Sevoflurane in Pediatric Patients Without Premedication. Medeniyet Medical Journal. 2020;35(2):85-90.

Lerman J. Inhalation agents in pediatric anaesthesia - an update. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology. 2007;20(3):221-6.

Fassoulaki A, Petropoulos G, Kottis G, et al. Pre-oxygenation enhances induction with sevoflurane as assessed using bispectral index monitoring. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2006;50(4):475-80.

Nishiyama T, Matsukawa T, Yokoyama T, et al. Rapid inhalation induction with 7% sevoflurane combined with intravenous midazolam. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2002;14(4):290-5.

Fassoulaki A, Staikou C. Pretreatment with nitrous oxide enhances induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology. 2015;31(4):511-6.

Lerman J, Sikich N, Kleinman S, et al. The pharmacology of sevoflurane in infants and children. Anesthesiology. 1994;80(4):814-24.

Agnor RC, Sikich N, Lerman J. Single-breath vital capacity rapid inhalation induction in children: 8% sevoflurane versus 5% halothane. Anesthesiology. 1998;89(2):379-84.

Zwass MS, Fisher DM, Welborn LG, et al. Induction and maintenance characteristics of anesthesia with desflurane and nitrous oxide in infants and children. Anesthesiology. 1992;76(3):373-8.

Swerdlow BN, Holley FO. Intravenous anaesthetic agents. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 1987;12(2):79-110.

Li C, Zhu Y. Impact of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Perioperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing : Official Journal of The American Society of Perianesthesia Nurses. 2025;40(1):158-68.

Sgrò S, Morini F, Bozza P, et al. Intravenous Propofol Allows Fast Intubation in Neonates and Young Infants Undergoing Major Surgery. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2019;7:321.

Westrin P. The induction dose of propofol in infants 1-6 months of age and in children 10-16 years of age. Anesthesiology. 1991;74(3):455-8.

Manschot HJ, Meursing AE, Axt P, et al. Propofol requirements for induction of anesthesia in children of different age groups. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1992;75(6):876-9.

Servin F, Desmonts JM, Haberer JP, et al. Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of propofol in patients with cirrhosis. Anesthesiology. 1988;69(6):887-91.

Schrum SF, Hannallah RS, Verghese PM, et al. Comparison of propofol and thiopental for rapid anesthesia induction in infants. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1994;78(3):482-5.

Hannallah RS, Britton JT, Schafer PG, et al. Propofol anaesthesia in paediatric ambulatory patients: a comparison with thiopentone and halothane. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 1994;41(1):12-8.

Watcha MF, Simeon RM, White PF, et al. Effect of propofol on the incidence of postoperative vomiting after strabismus surgery in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology. 1991;75(2):204-9.

Barst SM, Markowitz A, Yossefy Y, et al. Propofol reduces the incidence of vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 1995;5(4):249-52.

Wang J, Wang R, Ma X, et al. Comparative efficacy of ciprofol and propofol in reducing respiratory depression during ERCP anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2024;24(1):404.

Nyman Y, von Hofsten K, Georgiadi A, et al. Propofol injection pain in children: a prospective randomized double-blind trial of a new propofol formulation versus propofol with added lidocaine. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2005;95(2):222-5.

Coté CJ, Goudsouzian NG, Liu LM, et al. The dose response of intravenous thiopental for the induction of general anesthesia in unpremedicated children. Anesthesiology. 1981;55(6):703-5.

Jonmarker C, Westrin P, Larsson S, et al. Thiopental requirements for induction of anesthesia in children. Anesthesiology. 1987;67(1):104-7.

Son JS, Jang E, Oh MW, et al. A comparison of postoperative emergence agitation between sevoflurane and thiopental anesthesia induction in pediatric patients. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. 2015;68(4):373-8.

Gaspari F, Marraro G, Penna GF, et al. Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1985;28(3):321-5.

Abdi N, Alizadeh M, Bashti S, et al. Comparing intensity of pain due to intravenous injection of sodium thiopental, propofol, diazepam, and etomidate during induction of general anesthesia. Journal of Family

Medicine And Primary Care. 2022;11(12):7818-23.

Martone CH, Nagelhout J, Wolf SM. Methohexital: a practical review for outpatient dental anesthesia. Anesthesia Progress. 1991;38(6):195-9.

Beskow A, Werner O, Westrin P. Faster recovery after anesthesia in infants after intravenous induction with methohexital instead of thiopental. Anesthesiology. 1995;83(5):976-9.

Christ G, Mundigler G, Merhaut C, et al. Adverse cardiovascular effects of ketamine infusion in patients with catecholamine-dependent heart failure. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1997;25(3):255-9.

Hammadyeh AR, Altinawi MK, Rostom F. Comparison of two intravenous sedation techniques for use in pediatric dentistry: A randomized controlled trial. Dental and Medical Problems. 2019;56(4):337-41.

Williams LM, Boyd KL, Fitzgerald BM. Etomidate. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2025.

Bergen JM, Smith DC. A review of etomidate for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1997;15(2):221-30.

Trapp LD. Techniques for induction of general anesthesia in the pediatric dental patient. Anesthesia Progress. 1992;39(4-5):138-41.

Schroth RJ, Smith WF. A review of repeat general anesthesia for pediatric dental surgery in Alberta, Canada. Pediatric Dentistry. 2007;29(6):480-7.

Colak H, Dülgergil CT, Dalli M, et al. Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine. 2013;4(1):29-38.

Sari ME, Ozmen B, Koyuturk AE, et al. A retrospective comparison of dental treatment under general anesthesia on children with and without mental disabilities. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2014;17(3):361-5.

Twetman S. Caries risk assessment in children: how accurate are we? European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry : Official Journal of The

European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2016;17(1):27-32.

Savanheimo N, Vehkalahti MM. Five-year follow-up of children receiving comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:154.

Tahmassebi JF, Achol LT, Fayle SA. Analysis of dental care of children receiving comprehensive care under general anaesthesia at a teaching hospital in England. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15(5):353-60.

Bağ İ, Çalışkan S, Erenel AO, et al. Does the Modality of Dental Treatment Affect the Treatment Prognosis and the Necessity of Re-Treatments? Children (Basel). 2023;10(10).

Guidry J, Bagher S, Felemban O, et al. Reasons of repeat dental treatment under general anaesthesia: A retrospective study. European

Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2017;18(4):313-8.

Ridell K, Borgström M, Lager E, et al. Oral health-related quality-of-life in Swedish children before and after dental treatment under general anesthesia. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2015;73(1):1-7.

Jokovic A, Locker D, Stephens M, et al. Validity and reliability of a questionnaire for measuring child oral-health-related quality of life. Journal of Dental Research. 2002;81(7):459-63.

Locker D. Oral health and quality of life. Oral Health &Preventive Dentistry. 2004;2 Suppl 1:247-53.

Jokovic A, Locker D, Stephens M, et al. Measuring parental perceptions of child oral health-related quality of life. Journal of Public

Health Dentistry. 2003;63(2):67-72.

Locker D, Jokovic A, Stephens M, et al. Family impact of child oral and oro-facial conditions. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2002;30(6):438-48.

Feng Q, Luo C, Liu X, et al. General anesthesia versus deep sedation for dental treatment in children: comparison of parental acceptance, oral health-related quality of life, and treatment efficacy. Journal of Southern Medical University. 2023;43(4):604-10.

Jankauskiene B, Narbutaite J. Changes in oral health-related quality of life among children following dental treatment under general anaesthesia. A systematic review. Stomatologija. 2010;12(2):60-4.

Acs G, Pretzer S, Foley M, et al. Perceived outcomes and parental satisfaction following dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatric Dentistry. 2001;23(5):419-23.

Coté CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. Pediatric Dentistry. 2019;41(4):26e-52e.

Dentistry AAoP. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry Chicago, Ill: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. 2020:292-310.

Baghdadi ZD. Effects of dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia on children's oral health-related quality of life using proxy short versions of OHRQoL instruments. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:308439.

Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. The Cochrane Database of

Systematic Reviews.2018;12(12):Cd003877.

Savanheimo N, Sundberg SA, Virtanen JI, et al. Dental care and treatments provided under general anaesthesia in the Helsinki Public Dental Service. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:45.

Silva CC, Lavado C, Areias C, et al. Conscious sedation vs general anesthesia in pediatric dentistry - a review. Medical Express. 2015;2(1).

Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatric Dentistry. 2016;38(6):185-98.

Porcaro AB, Rizzetto R, Amigoni N, et al. American Society of Anesthesiologists’(ASA) physical status system and risk of major clavien-dindo complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at hospital discharge: analysis of 1143 consecutive prostate cancer patients. Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2022;13(4):848-57.

CARE PO. American society of dentist anesthesiologists: parameters of care. Anesthesia Progress. 2018;65:197-203.

Yılmaz MZ, Türer A, Sümer M. Diş Hekimliği Pratiğinde Genel Anestezi: Derleme. Duzce Medical Journal. 2013;15(1):68-72.

Karaduran B, Solak SK, Koruyucu M. Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Genel Anestezi. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):696-705.

Akpinar H. Evaluation of general anesthesia and sedation during dental treatment in patients with special needs: A retrospective study. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.2019;19(4):191-9.

Elo JA, Sun HH. Anesthesia and Sedation. A Textbook of Advanced Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Volume 3: IntechOpen; 2016.

Frykholm P, Disma N, Andersson H, et al. Pre-operative fasting in children: A guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2022;39(1):4-25.

Rosada-Kurasińska J, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Wiernik A, et al. Is General Anesthesia Safe for a Child with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection? A Narrative Review. Pediatr Rep. 2025;17(5).

Use of Anesthesia Providers in the Administration of Office-based Deep Sedation/General Anesthesia to the Pediatric Dental Patient. Pediatric Dentistry. 2018;40(6):317-20.

Fletke KJ, Kaysin A, Jones S. Preoperative evaluation in children. American Family Physician. 2022;105(6):640-9.

Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-93.

Chen YP, Hsieh CY, Hsu WT, et al. A 10-year trend of dental treatments under general anesthesia of children in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2017;80(4):262-8.

Bartella AK, Lechner C, Kamal M, et al. The safety of paediatric dentistry procedures under general anaesthesia. A five-year experience of a tertiary care center. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2018;19(1):44-8.

Akpınar H. Genel anestezi altında dental tedavi yapılan olguların değerlendirilmesi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2019;44(2):341-6.

Stratmann G. Review article: Neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs in the developing brain. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2011;113(5):1170-9.

Sun L. Early childhood general anaesthesia exposure and neurocognitive development. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010;105 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i61-8.

Ganzberg S. The FDA Warning on Anesthesia Drugs. Anesthesia

Progress. 2017;64(2):57-8.

Campbell RL, Shetty NS, Shetty KS, et al. Pediatric Dental Surgery Under General Anesthesia: Uncooperative Children. Anesthesia

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