Spor Diş Hekimliği ve Ağız Koruyucular
Özet
Spor Diş Hekimliği, spor aktiviteleri sırasında ortaya çıkabilen orofasiyal travmaların önlenmesi, tanılanması ve tedavisine odaklanan disiplinler arası bir alandır. Bu bölümde spor kaynaklı travmatik diş yaralanmalarının epidemiyolojisi ve sınıflandırılması ele alınmış; ICD-11 kapsamında mine–dentin kırıkları, lüksasyon yaralanmaları ve avülsiyon gibi klinik tablolar özetlenmiştir. Travma riskinin temas düzeyi yüksek spor branşlarında arttığı; çocuk ve adolesan sporcularda 7–11 yaş aralığının daha hassas olduğu, büyüme-gelişim süreci ile oklüzal özelliklerin (artmış overjet, yetersiz dudak kapanışı, sınıf II maloklüzyon) riski etkileyebildiği vurgulanmıştır. Spor kaynaklı orofasiyal travmaların büyük ölçüde önlenebilir olması nedeniyle ağız koruyucular koruyucu yaklaşımın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu kapsamda ağız koruyucular ASTM ve ADA sınıflandırmaları doğrultusunda tanımlanmış; özel yapım, ağızda şekillendirilen ve hazır tiplerin endikasyonları, avantaj–dezavantajları, ideal kalınlık ölçütleri ile EVA başta olmak üzere kullanılan materyallerin fiziksel özellikleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ağız koruyucuların spor performansı ile ilişkisine dair güncel bulgular ve bakım–hijyen uygulamalarının kullanım sürekliliği açısından önemi ele alınmıştır.
Referanslar
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Spor Diş Hekimliği Derneği. Amatör ve/veya profesyonel sporcu genel sağlığına pozitif katkı ile sporcunun performansının arttırılmasına destek vermektedir. Available from: https://spordishekimligidernegi.org.tr/ [Accessed: 14 February 2026].
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Petti S, Andreasen JO, Glendor U, et al. The fifth most prevalent disease is being neglected by public health organisations. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6(10):e1070–e1071. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30380-2.
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Baldava P, Anup N. Risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in an adolescent male population in India. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2007;8(6):35–42. doi:10.5005/jcdp-8-6-35.
Newsome PRH, Tran DC, Cooke MS. The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports-related dental injuries: A review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2001;11(6):396–404. doi:10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00304.x
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Referanslar
FDI World Dental Federation. Sports Dentistry. Available from: https://www.fdiworlddental.org/sports-dentistry [Accessed: 2 May 2025].
Needleman I, Ashley P, Fine P, et al. Oral health and elite sport performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014;49(1):3. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093804.
Júdice A, Botelho J, Machado V, et al. Sports dentistry intricacies with season-related challenges and the role of athlete-centered outcomes. Frontiers in Oral Health. 2025;6:1531653. doi:10.3389/froh.2025.1531653.
Stamos A, Mills S, Malliaropoulos N, et al. The European Association for Sports Dentistry, Academy for Sports Dentistry, European College of Sports and Exercise Physicians consensus statement on sports dentistry integration in sports medicine. Dental Traumatology. 2020;36(6):680–684. doi:10.1111/edt.12593.
Spor Diş Hekimliği Derneği. Amatör ve/veya profesyonel sporcu genel sağlığına pozitif katkı ile sporcunun performansının arttırılmasına destek vermektedir. Available from: https://spordishekimligidernegi.org.tr/ [Accessed: 14 February 2026].
Stamos A, Engels-Deutsch M, Cantamessa S, et al. A suggested universal protocol for dental examination in sports. Dental Traumatology. 2023;39(6):521–530. doi:10.1111/edt.12863.
Petti S, Andreasen JO, Glendor U, et al. The fifth most prevalent disease is being neglected by public health organisations. The Lancet Global Health. 2018;6(10):e1070–e1071. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30380-2.
Flores MT, Al Sane M, Andersson L. Information to the public, patients and emergency services on traumatic dental injuries. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM (eds.). Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the Teeth. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2018. p. 992–1008.
World Health Organization. ICD-11 Implementation or Transition Guide. Available from: https://www.who.int/classifications/network/collaborating [Accessed: 11 May 2025].
de Lima LGH, dos Santos CS, Rocha JS, et al. Comparative analysis of dental trauma in contact and non-contact sports: A systematic review. Dental Traumatology. 2024;40(5):499–510. doi:10.1111/edt.12959.
McBain K, Shrier I, Shultz R, et al. Prevention of sports injury I: a systematic review of applied biomechanics and physiology outcomes research. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2012;46(3):169–173. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2010.080929.
American Dental Association. Athletic mouth protectors (mouthguards). Available from: https://www.ada.org/resources/ada-library/oral-health-topics/athletic-mouth-protectors-mouthguards [Accessed: 22 May 2025].
Tiwari V, Saxena V, Tiwari U, et al. Dental trauma and mouthguard awareness and use among contact and noncontact athletes in central India. Journal of Oral Science. 2014;56(4):239–243. doi:10.2334/josnusd.56.239.
Polmann H, Melo G, Conti Réus J, et al. Prevalence of dentofacial injuries among combat sports practitioners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dental Traumatology. 2020;36(2):124–140. doi:10.1111/edt.12508.
Padilha ACL, Constante HM, Fronza HP, et al. Orofacial trauma and mouthguard use in Brazilian rugby union players. Dental Traumatology. 2021;37(1):53–57. doi:10.1111/edt.12592.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on prevention of sports-related orofacial injuries. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19216388/ [Accessed: 22 May 2025].
Andreasen JQ, Ravn JJ. Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to primary and permanent teeth in a Danish population sample. International Journal of Oral Surgery. 1972;1(5):235–239. doi:10.1016/S0300-9785(72)80042-5.
Mills S, Fine P. Sports dental trauma for children and adolescents: unique considerations. Research in Sports Medicine. 2026;34(1):27–38. doi:10.1080/15438627.2025.2564350.
Tokas A, Sood S, Bhatia HP, et al. Sports-related orofacial injuries in children: Awareness and experience among sports coaches in Delhi region of India. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2022;15(4):450–454. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2381.
Rothman DL. Pediatric orofacial injuries. Journal of the California Dental Association. 1996;24(3):37–42.
Ng L, Malandris M, Cheung W, et al. Traumatic dental injuries presenting to a paediatric emergency department in a tertiary children’s hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Dental Traumatology. 2020;36(4):360–370. doi:10.1111/edt.12548.
Andrade RA, Evans PLS, Almeida ALS, et al. Prevalence of dental trauma in Pan American Games athletes. Dental Traumatology. 2010;26(3):248–253. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2010.00884.x.
Robson F, Ramos-Jorge ML, Bendo CB, et al. Prevalence and determining factors of traumatic injuries to primary teeth in preschool children. Dental Traumatology. 2009;25(1):118–122. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00725.x.
Prabhu A, Rao P, Arun, et al. Attributes of dental trauma in a school population with active sports involvement. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2013;4(3):190–196. doi:10.5812/asjsm.34257.
Baldava P, Anup N. Risk factors for traumatic dental injuries in an adolescent male population in India. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice. 2007;8(6):35–42. doi:10.5005/jcdp-8-6-35.
Newsome PRH, Tran DC, Cooke MS. The role of the mouthguard in the prevention of sports-related dental injuries: A review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2001;11(6):396–404. doi:10.1046/j.0960-7439.2001.00304.x
Croll TP, Castaldi CR. Custom sports mouthguard modified for orthodontic patients and children in the transitional dentition. Quintessence International. 1986;17(8):531–535.
Maeda Y, Matsuda S, Tsugawa T, et al. A modified method of mouthguard fabrication for orthodontic patients. Dental Traumatology. 2008;24(4):475–478. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2008.00596.x
Yamada T, Sawaki Y, Ueda M. Mouth guard for athletes during orthodontic treatment. Endodontics & Dental Traumatology. 1997;13(1):40–41. doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.1997.tb00008.x
Chowdhury RU, Churei H, Tanabe G, et al. Useful design of custom-made mouthguard for athletes undergoing orthodontic treatment with brackets and wires. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2022;17(1):308–315. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.010
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