Pedodontide Non-Farmakolojik Davranış Yönetimi: Hipnoz, Dijital Distraksiyon ve Sanal Gerçeklik Yaklaşımları

D.P. Appukuttan, Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review, Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent. 8 (2016) 35–50, https:// doi.org/10.2147/ccide.S63626.

C.S. Lin, S.Y. Wu, C.A. Yi, Association between anxiety and pain in dental treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J. Dent. Res. 96 (2) (2017) 153–162, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516678168.

J.M. Armfield, L.J. Heaton, Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: a review, Aust. Dent. J. 58 (4) (2013) 390–407, https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12118, quiz 531.

Z.D. Baghdadi, S. Jbara, N. Muhajarine, Children and parents perspectives on children’s dental treatment under general anesthesia: a narratology from Saskatoon, Canada. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 22 (4) (2021) 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00613-6 .

Kasemkhun, P., Smutkeeree, A., & Jirarattanasopha, V. (2022). A retrospective comparison of dental treatment under general anesthesia versus non-pharmacological approach in patient with special health care needs. Journal of dental sciences, 17(3), 1238–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.019

I.M. Prado, L. Carcavalli, L.G. Abreu, J.M. Serra-Negra, S.M. Paiva, C.C. Martins, Use of distraction techniques for the management of anxiety and fear in paediatric dental practice: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 29 (5) (2019) 650–668, https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12499.

G.C. Burdea, P. Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2003.

Bellieni, C. V., Cioncoloni, D., Mazzanti, S., Bianchi, M. E., Morrone, I., & Becattelli, R. (2013). Music provided through a portable media player (iPod) blunts pain during physical therapy. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e151–e155.

Milsom, K. M., Tickle, M., Humphris, G. M., & Blinkhorn, A. S. (2003). The relationship between anxiety and dental treatment experience in 5-year-old children. British Dental Journal, 194(9), 503–506.

Trusculescu, L.-M., Pitic, D. E., Sălcudean, A., Popovici, R. A., Forna, N., Badoiu, S. C., Enache, A., Enasoni, S., Kiș, A., Cosoroabă, R. M., Talpos-Niculescu, C. I., Zeicu, C. C., Cozma, M.-M., & Todor, L. (2025). Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Aid for Reducing Anxiety in Pediatric Dental Procedures. Children, 12(7), 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070930 .

Newton JT, Shah S, Patel H, Sturmey P: Non-pharmacological approaches to behaviour management in children. Dent Update. 2003, 30:194-9. 10.12968/denu.2003.30.4.194 2. Nazzal H, El Shahawy OI, Al-Jundi S, Hussein I, Tahmassebi JF: The use of behaviour management.

Panda AK, Nuvvula S, Marwah N, Asokan S, Rodrigues SJ, Yuvaraj PM, Rao A, Namineni S, Singh S, Mallineni SK. Rethinking Conversational Hypnosis: A Great Tool in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025 May;18(5):613-616. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3101. Epub 2025 Jul 25. PMID: 41050294; PMCID: PMC12488509.

Koller, D., & Goldman, R. D. (2012). Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A critical review of pediatric research. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 27(6), 652– 681.

Milsom, K. M., Tickle, M., Humphris, G. M., & Blinkhorn, A.S. (2003). The relationship between anxiety and dental treatment experience in 5-year-old children. British Dental Journal, 194(9), 503–506.

Bellieni, C. V., Cioncoloni, D., Mazzanti, S., Bianchi, M. E., Morrone, I., & Becattelli, R. (2013). Music provided through a portable media player (iPod) blunts pain during physical therapy. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e151–e155.

H.A. Aziz, Virtual reality programs applications in healthcare, J. Health Med. Inform. 9 (1) (2018) 305, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7420.1000305 .

Z. Bahrololoomi, T. Sadeghiyeh, M. Rezaei, and N. Maghsoudi, “The effect of breathing exercise using bubble blower on anxiety and pain during inferior alveolar nerve block in children aged 7 to 10 years: a crossover randomized clinical trial,” Pain Research and Management, vol. 2022, Article ID 7817267, 8 pages, 2022.

N. Asl Aminabadi, L. Erfanparast, A. Sohrabi, S. Ghertasi Oskouei, and A. Naghili, “The impact of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 4–6-year-old children: a randomized controlled clinical trial,” Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 117–124, 2012.

19.Romero-Ayuso, D.; Toledano-González, A.; Rodríguez-Martínez Mdel, C.; Arroyo-Castillo, P.; Triviño-Juárez, J.M.; González, P.; Ariza-Vega, P.; González, A.D.P.; Segura-Fragoso, A. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children 2021, 8, 70. [CrossRef]

Do NM, Manière MC, Lefebvre F, Clauss F. Efficacy of virtual reality hypnosis versus conscious sedation with nitrous oxide in the management of dental anxiety in pediatric dentistry: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025 Jun 9;26(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-08849-z. PMID: 40490788; PMCID: PMC12150511.

Monteiro J, Tanday A, Ashley PF, Parekh S, Alamri H. Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment. Cochrane Oral Health Group, éditeur. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2020(2). Disponible sur: http:// doi. wiley. com/ 10. 1002/ 14651 858. CD011 024. pub2. Cité 7 avr 2024.

Santos SA, Gleiser R, Ardenghi TM. Hypnosis in the control of pain and anxiety in pediatric dentistry: a literature review. RGO—Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 67: e20190033.

23.Oberoi J, Panda A, Garg I. Effect of hypnosis during administration of local anesthesia in six- to 16-year old children. Pediatric Dentistry. 38: 112–116.

Simons D, Potter C, Temple G. Hypnosis and communication in dental practice. London: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd.; 2007.

Kaplowitz GJ. Communicating with patients. Gen Dent 1999;47:399–403. 9. Teleska J, Roffman A. A continuum of hypnotherapeutic interactions: from formal hypnosis to hypnotic conversation. Am J Clin Hypn 2004;47(2):103–115.

Girón CB, Ramírez-Carrasco A, Cappello OS, Pozos-Guillén A, Pierdant-Pérez M. The efficacy of hypnosis compared with the tell/show/do technique for the reduction of anxiety/pain in children undergoing pulpotomies: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Jan;48(1):69-77. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.009. Epub 2024 Jan 3. PMID: 38239158.

Yan X, Yan Y, Cao M, Xie W, O'Connor S, Lee JJ, Ho MH. Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction interventions to reduce dental anxiety in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2023 May;132:104455. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104455. Epub 2023 Feb 24. PMID: 36842625.

Çerçi Akçay, H., Rajabzadeh, M., & Ghayem, F. (2025). Virtual Reality Technology as A Tool For Dental Anxiety Reduction in Children: A Mini Review. Journal of Kocaeli Health and Technology University, 3(2), 33-45. https://izlik.org/JA96RF52CB.

Goodship N, Taylor G. Can virtual reality reduce anxiety and pain in dental patients? Evid Based Dent. 2025 Mar;26(1):59-60. doi: 10.1038/s41432-025-01127-6. Epub 2025 Feb 20. PMID: 39979535; PMCID: PMC11953039.

Shehani, A. F., Ponraj, S., Ramar, K., Samuel, A. V., Rajakumar, S., & Gayathri, J. (2023). Non-pharmacological behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry: A bibliometric analysis. Cureus, 15(7), e41329. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41329

D.P. Appukuttan, Strategies to manage patients with dental anxiety and dental phobia: literature review, Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent. 8 (2016) 35–50, https:// doi.org/10.2147/ccide.S63626.

C.S. Lin, S.Y. Wu, C.A. Yi, Association between anxiety and pain in dental treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis, J. Dent. Res. 96 (2) (2017) 153–162, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034516678168.

J.M. Armfield, L.J. Heaton, Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: a review, Aust. Dent. J. 58 (4) (2013) 390–407, https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12118, quiz 531.

Z.D. Baghdadi, S. Jbara, N. Muhajarine, Children and parents perspectives on children’s dental treatment under general anesthesia: a narratology from Saskatoon, Canada. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. 22 (4) (2021) 725–737, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00613-6 .

Kasemkhun, P., Smutkeeree, A., & Jirarattanasopha, V. (2022). A retrospective comparison of dental treatment under general anesthesia versus non-pharmacological approach in patient with special health care needs. Journal of dental sciences, 17(3), 1238–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.019

I.M. Prado, L. Carcavalli, L.G. Abreu, J.M. Serra-Negra, S.M. Paiva, C.C. Martins, Use of distraction techniques for the management of anxiety and fear in paediatric dental practice: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 29 (5) (2019) 650–668, https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12499.

G.C. Burdea, P. Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2003.

Bellieni, C. V., Cioncoloni, D., Mazzanti, S., Bianchi, M. E., Morrone, I., & Becattelli, R. (2013). Music provided through a portable media player (iPod) blunts pain during physical therapy. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e151–e155.

Milsom, K. M., Tickle, M., Humphris, G. M., & Blinkhorn, A. S. (2003). The relationship between anxiety and dental treatment experience in 5-year-old children. British Dental Journal, 194(9), 503–506.

Trusculescu, L.-M., Pitic, D. E., Sălcudean, A., Popovici, R. A., Forna, N., Badoiu, S. C., Enache, A., Enasoni, S., Kiș, A., Cosoroabă, R. M., Talpos-Niculescu, C. I., Zeicu, C. C., Cozma, M.-M., & Todor, L. (2025). Virtual Reality as a Non-Pharmacological Aid for Reducing Anxiety in Pediatric Dental Procedures. Children, 12(7), 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070930 .

Newton JT, Shah S, Patel H, Sturmey P: Non-pharmacological approaches to behaviour management in children. Dent Update. 2003, 30:194-9. 10.12968/denu.2003.30.4.194 2. Nazzal H, El Shahawy OI, Al-Jundi S, Hussein I, Tahmassebi JF: The use of behaviour management.

Panda AK, Nuvvula S, Marwah N, Asokan S, Rodrigues SJ, Yuvaraj PM, Rao A, Namineni S, Singh S, Mallineni SK. Rethinking Conversational Hypnosis: A Great Tool in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2025 May;18(5):613-616. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3101. Epub 2025 Jul 25. PMID: 41050294; PMCID: PMC12488509.

Koller, D., & Goldman, R. D. (2012). Distraction techniques for children undergoing procedures: A critical review of pediatric research. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 27(6), 652– 681.

Milsom, K. M., Tickle, M., Humphris, G. M., & Blinkhorn, A.S. (2003). The relationship between anxiety and dental treatment experience in 5-year-old children. British Dental Journal, 194(9), 503–506.

Bellieni, C. V., Cioncoloni, D., Mazzanti, S., Bianchi, M. E., Morrone, I., & Becattelli, R. (2013). Music provided through a portable media player (iPod) blunts pain during physical therapy. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), e151–e155.

H.A. Aziz, Virtual reality programs applications in healthcare, J. Health Med. Inform. 9 (1) (2018) 305, https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7420.1000305 .

Z. Bahrololoomi, T. Sadeghiyeh, M. Rezaei, and N. Maghsoudi, “The effect of breathing exercise using bubble blower on anxiety and pain during inferior alveolar nerve block in children aged 7 to 10 years: a crossover randomized clinical trial,” Pain Research and Management, vol. 2022, Article ID 7817267, 8 pages, 2022.

N. Asl Aminabadi, L. Erfanparast, A. Sohrabi, S. Ghertasi Oskouei, and A. Naghili, “The impact of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 4–6-year-old children: a randomized controlled clinical trial,” Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 117–124, 2012.

19.Romero-Ayuso, D.; Toledano-González, A.; Rodríguez-Martínez Mdel, C.; Arroyo-Castillo, P.; Triviño-Juárez, J.M.; González, P.; Ariza-Vega, P.; González, A.D.P.; Segura-Fragoso, A. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children 2021, 8, 70. [CrossRef]

Do NM, Manière MC, Lefebvre F, Clauss F. Efficacy of virtual reality hypnosis versus conscious sedation with nitrous oxide in the management of dental anxiety in pediatric dentistry: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025 Jun 9;26(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-08849-z. PMID: 40490788; PMCID: PMC12150511.

Monteiro J, Tanday A, Ashley PF, Parekh S, Alamri H. Interventions for increasing acceptance of local anaesthetic in children and adolescents having dental treatment. Cochrane Oral Health Group, éditeur. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;2020(2). Disponible sur: http:// doi. wiley. com/ 10. 1002/ 14651 858. CD011 024. pub2. Cité 7 avr 2024.

Santos SA, Gleiser R, Ardenghi TM. Hypnosis in the control of pain and anxiety in pediatric dentistry: a literature review. RGO—Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia. 67: e20190033.

23.Oberoi J, Panda A, Garg I. Effect of hypnosis during administration of local anesthesia in six- to 16-year old children. Pediatric Dentistry. 38: 112–116.

Simons D, Potter C, Temple G. Hypnosis and communication in dental practice. London: Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd.; 2007.

Kaplowitz GJ. Communicating with patients. Gen Dent 1999;47:399–403. 9. Teleska J, Roffman A. A continuum of hypnotherapeutic interactions: from formal hypnosis to hypnotic conversation. Am J Clin Hypn 2004;47(2):103–115.

Girón CB, Ramírez-Carrasco A, Cappello OS, Pozos-Guillén A, Pierdant-Pérez M. The efficacy of hypnosis compared with the tell/show/do technique for the reduction of anxiety/pain in children undergoing pulpotomies: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Jan;48(1):69-77. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.009. Epub 2024 Jan 3. PMID: 38239158.

Yan X, Yan Y, Cao M, Xie W, O'Connor S, Lee JJ, Ho MH. Effectiveness of virtual reality distraction interventions to reduce dental anxiety in paediatric patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2023 May;132:104455. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104455. Epub 2023 Feb 24. PMID: 36842625.

Çerçi Akçay, H., Rajabzadeh, M., & Ghayem, F. (2025). Virtual Reality Technology as A Tool For Dental Anxiety Reduction in Children: A Mini Review. Journal of Kocaeli Health and Technology University, 3(2), 33-45. https://izlik.org/JA96RF52CB.

Goodship N, Taylor G. Can virtual reality reduce anxiety and pain in dental patients? Evid Based Dent. 2025 Mar;26(1):59-60. doi: 10.1038/s41432-025-01127-6. Epub 2025 Feb 20. PMID: 39979535; PMCID: PMC11953039.

Shehani, A. F., Ponraj, S., Ramar, K., Samuel, A. V., Rajakumar, S., & Gayathri, J. (2023). Non-pharmacological behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry: A bibliometric analysis. Cureus, 15(7), e41329. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.41329