Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Labial ve Lingual Frenulumların Değerlendirilmesi ve Yönetimi

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on management of the frenulum in pediatric patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, IL: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2025;80-85.

Priyanka M, Sruthi R, Ramakrishnan T, et al. An overview of frenal attachments. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology; 2013;17(1):12-15. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107467

Diercks GR, Caloway CL, Orenstein V, Griggs C. Pediatric frenotomy practice patterns: A survey of pediatric dentists, otolaryngologists and surgeons. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology;2025;195:112396. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112396

Kinney R, Burris RC, Moffat R, Almpani K. Assessment and management of maxillary labial frenum-a scoping review. Diagnostics (Basel); 2024;14(16):1710. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14161710

Kotlow LA. The influence of the maxillary frenum on the development and pattern of dental caries on anterior teeth in breastfeeding infants: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of Human Lactation; 2010;26(3):304-308. doi: 10.1177/0890334410362520

Díaz-Pizán ME, Lagravère MO, Villena R. Midline diastema and frenum morphology in the primary dentition. Journal of Dentistry for Children; 2006;73(1):11-14. PMID: 16734307

Pransky SM, Lago D, Hong P. Breastfeeding difficulties and oral cavity anomalies: the influence of posterior ankyloglossia and upper-lip ties. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2015;79(10):1714-1717. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.07.033

Freeman CG, Ohlstein JF, Rossi NA, et al. Labial frenotomy for symptomatic isolated upper lip tie. Cureus; 2022;14(12):e32755. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32755

Siegel SA. Aerophagia induced reflux in breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia and shortened maxillary labial frenula (tongue and lip tie). International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics; 2016;5(1):6-8. doi: 10.14740/ijcp246w

Shah S, Allen P, Walker R, et al. Upper lip tie: anatomy, effect on breastfeeding, and correlation with ankyloglossia. The Laryngoscope; 2021;131(5):E1701-E1706. doi: 10.1002/lary.29140

Naimer SA, Israel A, Gabbay A. Significance of the tethered maxillary frenulum: a questionnaire-based observational cohort study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics; 2021;64(3):130-135. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00486

Razdan R, Callaham S, Saggio R, et al. Maxillary frenulum in newborns: association with breastfeeding. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; 2020;162(6):954-958. doi: 10.1177/0194599820913605

Kramer PF, de Amorim LM, de Moura Alves N, et al. Maxillary labial frenum in preschool children: variations, anomalies and associated factors. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry; 2022;46(1):51-57. doi:10.17796/1053-4625-46.1.9

Weissman G, Mimouni FB, Kratunova E, Elbahary S. Maxillary labial frenulum: a scoping review of classification, diagnosis and evidence-based treatment. Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chicago); 2025;92(3):118-128. PMID: 41373049

Shin J. Management of the maxillary labial frenum. Journal of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2024;51(4):336-343.

Marr VL, Stewart LG, Hung M, Cheever VJ. Timing of treatment for patients with hypertrophic maxillary labial frena. Dentistry Journal (Basel); 2025;13(9):414. doi: 10.3390/dj13090414

James K. Hartsfield JR., Morford LA. Acquired and developmental disturbances of the teeth and associated oral structures. In: James E. Jones, Brian J. Sanders, LaQuia A. Walker Vinson, Juan Fernando Yepes (eds.). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2022. p. 82-84.

Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin É, et al. Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary midline diastema - a systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2022;156:111063. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111063

Huang W-J, Creath CJ. The midline diastema: a review of its etiology and treatment. Pediatric Dentistry; 1995;17(1):171-179. PMID: 7617490

Suter VG, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, et al. Does the maxillary midline diastema close after frenectomy? Quintessence International; 2014;45(1):57-66. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a30772

Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of maxillary labial frenectomy in children: a retrospective comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics; 2022;20(2):100630. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100630

Daniel E. Shin, James E. Jones, John V. Gingivitis and periodontal disease. In: James E. Jones, Brian J. Sanders, LaQuia A. Walker Vinson, Juan Fernando Yepes (eds.). McDonald and Avery’s Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 11th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2022. p. 313-330.

Coryllos E, Genna CW, Salloum AC. Congenital tongue-tie and its impact on breastfeeding. Breastfeeding: Best for Mother and Baby Newsletter; 2004;1-6.

Kotlow LA. Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie): a diagnostic and treatment quandary. Quintessence International; 1999;30(4):259-262. PMID: 10635253

Geddes DT, Kent JC, Mitoulas LR, Hartmann PE. Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants. Early Human Development; 2008;84(7):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008

Cordray H, Mahendran GN, Tey CS, et al. Severity and prevalence of ankyloglossia‐associated breastfeeding symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Paediatrica; 2023;112(3):347-357. doi: 10.1111/apa.16609

Feldens CA, Foláyan MO, de Amorim LM, et al. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding self-efficacy in newborns: a birth cohort study. BMC Oral Health; 2025;25(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05444-1

Wang J, Yang X, Hao S, Wang Y. The effect of ankyloglossia and tongue‐tie division on speech articulation: a systematic review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry; 2022;32(2):144-156. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12802

Daggumati S, Cohn JE, Brennan MJ, et al. Speech and language outcomes in patients with ankyloglossia undergoing frenulectomy: a retrospective pilot study. OTO Open; 2019;3(1):2473974x19826943. doi: 10.1177/2473974X19826943

Salt H, Claessen M, Johnston T, Smart S. Speech production in young children with tongue-tie. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2020;134:110035. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110035

Sarmadi R, Gabre P, Thor A. Evaluation of upper labial frenectomy: a randomized, controlled comparative study of conventional scalpel technique and Er:YAG laser technique. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research; 2021;7(4):522-530. doi: 10.1002/cre2.374

Devishree, Gujjari SK, Shubhashini PV. Frenectomy: a review with the reports of surgical techniques. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research; 2012;6(9):1587-1592. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2012/4089.2572

Zhu C, Clementi E, Anderson J, et al. In-office frenotomy complications in infants with Ankyloglossia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2025;199:112616. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112616

Mazzoni A, Navarro RS, Fernandes KPS, et al. Comparison of the effects of high-power diode laser and electrocautery for lingual frenectomy in ınfants: a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine; 2022;11(13):3783. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133783

Myron R, Bauer RE. Preprosthetic surgery. In: James R. Hupp, Edward Ellis III, Tucker MR (eds.). Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 7th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2019. p. 237-239.

Strauss RA, Kain NJ. Lasers in oral surgery. In: Fonseca RJ (ed.). Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Vol. 1, Section 3, Chapter 24. 3rd ed: Elsevier; 2018. p. 336.

Kotlow L. Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia and tied maxillary fraenum in infants using Er:YAG and 1064 diode lasers. European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry; 2011;12(2):106-112. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00755-1

Baxter R, Merkel-Walsh R, Baxter BS, Lashley A, Rendell NR. Functional improvements of speech, feeding, and sleep after lingual frenectomy tongue-tie release: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Pediatrics; 2020;59(9-10):885-892. doi: 10.1177/0009922820928055

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on management of the frenulum in pediatric patients. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. Chicago, IL: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2025;80-85.

Priyanka M, Sruthi R, Ramakrishnan T, et al. An overview of frenal attachments. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology; 2013;17(1):12-15. doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107467

Diercks GR, Caloway CL, Orenstein V, Griggs C. Pediatric frenotomy practice patterns: A survey of pediatric dentists, otolaryngologists and surgeons. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology;2025;195:112396. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112396

Kinney R, Burris RC, Moffat R, Almpani K. Assessment and management of maxillary labial frenum-a scoping review. Diagnostics (Basel); 2024;14(16):1710. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14161710

Kotlow LA. The influence of the maxillary frenum on the development and pattern of dental caries on anterior teeth in breastfeeding infants: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of Human Lactation; 2010;26(3):304-308. doi: 10.1177/0890334410362520

Díaz-Pizán ME, Lagravère MO, Villena R. Midline diastema and frenum morphology in the primary dentition. Journal of Dentistry for Children; 2006;73(1):11-14. PMID: 16734307

Pransky SM, Lago D, Hong P. Breastfeeding difficulties and oral cavity anomalies: the influence of posterior ankyloglossia and upper-lip ties. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2015;79(10):1714-1717. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.07.033

Freeman CG, Ohlstein JF, Rossi NA, et al. Labial frenotomy for symptomatic isolated upper lip tie. Cureus; 2022;14(12):e32755. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32755

Siegel SA. Aerophagia induced reflux in breastfeeding infants with ankyloglossia and shortened maxillary labial frenula (tongue and lip tie). International Journal of Clinical Pediatrics; 2016;5(1):6-8. doi: 10.14740/ijcp246w

Shah S, Allen P, Walker R, et al. Upper lip tie: anatomy, effect on breastfeeding, and correlation with ankyloglossia. The Laryngoscope; 2021;131(5):E1701-E1706. doi: 10.1002/lary.29140

Naimer SA, Israel A, Gabbay A. Significance of the tethered maxillary frenulum: a questionnaire-based observational cohort study. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics; 2021;64(3):130-135. doi: 10.3345/cep.2020.00486

Razdan R, Callaham S, Saggio R, et al. Maxillary frenulum in newborns: association with breastfeeding. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery; 2020;162(6):954-958. doi: 10.1177/0194599820913605

Kramer PF, de Amorim LM, de Moura Alves N, et al. Maxillary labial frenum in preschool children: variations, anomalies and associated factors. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry; 2022;46(1):51-57. doi:10.17796/1053-4625-46.1.9

Weissman G, Mimouni FB, Kratunova E, Elbahary S. Maxillary labial frenulum: a scoping review of classification, diagnosis and evidence-based treatment. Journal of Dentistry for Children (Chicago); 2025;92(3):118-128. PMID: 41373049

Shin J. Management of the maxillary labial frenum. Journal of the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2024;51(4):336-343.

Marr VL, Stewart LG, Hung M, Cheever VJ. Timing of treatment for patients with hypertrophic maxillary labial frena. Dentistry Journal (Basel); 2025;13(9):414. doi: 10.3390/dj13090414

James K. Hartsfield JR., Morford LA. Acquired and developmental disturbances of the teeth and associated oral structures. In: James E. Jones, Brian J. Sanders, LaQuia A. Walker Vinson, Juan Fernando Yepes (eds.). McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2022. p. 82-84.

Tadros S, Ben-Dov T, Catháin É, et al. Association between superior labial frenum and maxillary midline diastema - a systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2022;156:111063. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111063

Huang W-J, Creath CJ. The midline diastema: a review of its etiology and treatment. Pediatric Dentistry; 1995;17(1):171-179. PMID: 7617490

Suter VG, Heinzmann AE, Grossen J, et al. Does the maxillary midline diastema close after frenectomy? Quintessence International; 2014;45(1):57-66. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a30772

Baxter RT, Zaghi S, Lashley AP. Safety and efficacy of maxillary labial frenectomy in children: a retrospective comparative cohort study. International Orthodontics; 2022;20(2):100630. doi: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100630

Daniel E. Shin, James E. Jones, John V. Gingivitis and periodontal disease. In: James E. Jones, Brian J. Sanders, LaQuia A. Walker Vinson, Juan Fernando Yepes (eds.). McDonald and Avery’s Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. 11th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier; 2022. p. 313-330.

Coryllos E, Genna CW, Salloum AC. Congenital tongue-tie and its impact on breastfeeding. Breastfeeding: Best for Mother and Baby Newsletter; 2004;1-6.

Kotlow LA. Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie): a diagnostic and treatment quandary. Quintessence International; 1999;30(4):259-262. PMID: 10635253

Geddes DT, Kent JC, Mitoulas LR, Hartmann PE. Tongue movement and intra-oral vacuum in breastfeeding infants. Early Human Development; 2008;84(7):471-477. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2007.12.008

Cordray H, Mahendran GN, Tey CS, et al. Severity and prevalence of ankyloglossia‐associated breastfeeding symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta Paediatrica; 2023;112(3):347-357. doi: 10.1111/apa.16609

Feldens CA, Foláyan MO, de Amorim LM, et al. Ankyloglossia and breastfeeding self-efficacy in newborns: a birth cohort study. BMC Oral Health; 2025;25(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05444-1

Wang J, Yang X, Hao S, Wang Y. The effect of ankyloglossia and tongue‐tie division on speech articulation: a systematic review. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry; 2022;32(2):144-156. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12802

Daggumati S, Cohn JE, Brennan MJ, et al. Speech and language outcomes in patients with ankyloglossia undergoing frenulectomy: a retrospective pilot study. OTO Open; 2019;3(1):2473974x19826943. doi: 10.1177/2473974X19826943

Salt H, Claessen M, Johnston T, Smart S. Speech production in young children with tongue-tie. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2020;134:110035. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110035

Sarmadi R, Gabre P, Thor A. Evaluation of upper labial frenectomy: a randomized, controlled comparative study of conventional scalpel technique and Er:YAG laser technique. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research; 2021;7(4):522-530. doi: 10.1002/cre2.374

Devishree, Gujjari SK, Shubhashini PV. Frenectomy: a review with the reports of surgical techniques. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research; 2012;6(9):1587-1592. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2012/4089.2572

Zhu C, Clementi E, Anderson J, et al. In-office frenotomy complications in infants with Ankyloglossia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology; 2025;199:112616. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2025.112616

Mazzoni A, Navarro RS, Fernandes KPS, et al. Comparison of the effects of high-power diode laser and electrocautery for lingual frenectomy in ınfants: a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine; 2022;11(13):3783. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133783

Myron R, Bauer RE. Preprosthetic surgery. In: James R. Hupp, Edward Ellis III, Tucker MR (eds.). Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 7th ed. Mosby Elsevier; 2019. p. 237-239.

Strauss RA, Kain NJ. Lasers in oral surgery. In: Fonseca RJ (ed.). Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Vol. 1, Section 3, Chapter 24. 3rd ed: Elsevier; 2018. p. 336.

Kotlow L. Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia and tied maxillary fraenum in infants using Er:YAG and 1064 diode lasers. European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry; 2011;12(2):106-112. doi: 10.1007/s40368-022-00755-1

Baxter R, Merkel-Walsh R, Baxter BS, Lashley A, Rendell NR. Functional improvements of speech, feeding, and sleep after lingual frenectomy tongue-tie release: a prospective cohort study. Clinical Pediatrics; 2020;59(9-10):885-892. doi: 10.1177/0009922820928055