Glp-1 Reseptör Agonistleri Kullanan Hastalarda Perioperatif Aspirasyon Riski ve Anestezik Yönetim: Güncel Kanıtlar ve Klinik Yaklaşım

Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021;384(11):989-1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183

Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;387(3):205-216. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2206038

World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: WHO; 2024.

Marathe CS, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. Effects of GLP-1 and incretin-based therapies on gastrointestinal motor function. Experimental Diabetes Research. 2011;2011:279530. doi:10.1155/2011/279530

Kobori T, Onishi Y, Yoshida Y, Ueno T, Hasegawa D, Oshima Y, et al. Association between GLP-1 receptor agonists and residual gastric contents: A clinical observational study. Diabetes Therapy. 2023;14(2):487-496. doi:10.1007/s13300-022-01362-3

Klein SR, Hobai IA. Semaglutide, delayed gastric emptying, and intraoperative pulmonary aspiration: A case report. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 2023;70(8):1394-1396. doi:10.1007/s12630-023-02521-3

Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Incretin hormones: Their role in health and disease. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2018;20 Suppl 1:5-21. doi:10.1111/dom.13129

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Consensus-based guidance on preoperative management of patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists. ASA; 2023.

Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists for individualized treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2012;8(12):728-742. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2012.140

Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state of the art. Molecular Metabolism. 2021;46:101102. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101102

Hiramoto JS, Wiggins BS, Spangler ML, Slagle JM. Gastrointestinal adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their impact on perioperative care. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2024;89:111012. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111012

Gulak MA, Murphy PB, McIsaac DI. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in two patients taking semaglutide for weight loss. Anaesthesia. 2023;78(8):1037-1039. doi:10.1111/anae.16078

Perlas A, Chan VW, Lupu CM, Mitsakakis N, Hanbidge A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. Anesthesiology. 2009;111(1):82-89. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a97250

Lundgren JR, Janus C, Jensen SBK, Juhl CR, Olsen LM, Christensen RM, et al. Perioperative safety outcomes in patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists: Population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(3):512-520. doi:10.2337/dc23-1551

Douros A, Dell’Aniello S, Yu OHY, Filion KB, Azoulay L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of adverse perioperative outcomes. British Medical Journal. 2023;381:e074708. doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-074708

Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG. Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology. 1993;78(1):56-62. doi:10.1097/00000542-199301000-00010

Camilleri M. Gastrointestinal effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):1467-1479. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.034

Bharucha AE, Kudva YC, Prichard DO. Diabetic gastroparesis. Endocrine Reviews. 2019;40(5):1318-1352. doi:10.1210/er.2018-00161

Algie CM, Mahar RK, Tan HB, Wilson G, Mahar PD, Wasiak J. Effectiveness and risks of cricoid pressure during rapid sequence induction for endotracheal intubation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;11:CD011656. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011656.pub2

Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(3):437-479. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002043

Van de Putte P, Perlas A. Ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2014;113(1):12-22. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu151

Bouvet L, Mazoit JX, Chassard D, Allaouchiche B, Boselli E, Benhamou D. Clinical assessment of the ultrasonographic measurement of antral area for estimating gastric content and volume. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2011;107(4):550-555. doi:10.1093/bja/aer194

Perlas A, Mitsakakis N, Liu L, Cino M, Haldipur N, Davis L, et al. Validation of a mathematical model for ultrasound assessment of gastric volume by gastroscopic examination. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2013;116(2):357-363. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e318274fc19

Kruisselbrink R, Arzola C, Endersby R, Tse C, Chan V, Perlas A. Intra- and interrater reliability of ultrasound assessment of gastric volume. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(1):46-51. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000193

Nauck MA, Meier JJ. Management of endocrine disease: Are all GLP-1 agonists equal in the treatment of type 2 diabetes? European Journal of Endocrinology. 2019;181(6):R211-R234. doi:10.1530/EJE-19-0561

Bettge K, Kahle M, Abd El Aziz MS, Meier JJ, Nauck MA. Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2017;19(3):336-347. doi:10.1111/dom.13102

Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, Chung F, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Fourth consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2020;131(2):411-448. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833

Davies M, Bain SC, Atkin SL, Rossing P, Scott D, Shamkhalova MS, et al. Efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2016;18(7):716-724. doi:10.1111/dom.12954

Apfel CC, Kranke P, Katz MH, Goepfert C, Papenfuss T, Rauch S, et al. Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative vomiting: A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2002;88(5):659-668. doi:10.1093/bja/88.5.659

Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weingarten TN, Kopp SL, Abdelmalak JB, Doyle DJ, et al. Multisociety perioperative guidance on management of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2024;138(3):545-556. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006714

Perlas A, Davis L, Khan M, Mitsakakis N, Chan VW. Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: A prospective descriptive study. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2011;113(1):93-97. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31821dcaf7

Wadhwa A, Van de Putte P, Perlas A, Chan VW. The evolving role of point-of-care gastric ultrasound in perioperative care. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 2022;134(5):1031-1045. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005937

American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Update 2017. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-393. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452

Perlas A, Van de Putte P. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound in adult perioperative medicine: A narrative review. Anaesthesia. 2017;72(2):144-153. doi:10.1111/anae.14148