Minimal İnvaziv Diş Hekimliğinde Güncel Restoratif Yaklaşımlar

Enise Betül Göçer; Hacer Balkaya

doi:10.37609/akya.4126

Yazarlar

Enise Betül Göçer

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-9550

Hacer Balkaya

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9180-5610

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.4126.c6568

Özet

Maksillofasiyal defektler; konjenital anomaliler, travmalar, onkolojik rezeksiyonlar ve enfeksiyonlar sonucunda ortaya çıkabilen ve bireylerin fonksiyonel kapasitesi, estetik görünümü ve psikososyal yaşam kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkiler yaratan kompleks klinik durumlardır. Maksillofasiyal protezler, bu tür defektlerin rehabilitasyonunda cerrahi rekonstrüksiyona alternatif veya tamamlayıcı bir yaklaşım olarak önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bölümde, maksillofasiyal protez rehabilitasyonunun temel prensipleri güncel literatür ışığında kapsamlı biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Öncelikle maksillofasiyal defektlerin etiyolojisi ve sınıflandırılması incelenmiş; ardından yüz protezlerinde kullanılan biyomalzemeler, özellikle silikon elastomerler ve nanoteknoloji destekli materyaller açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yüz tarama sistemleri, CAD-CAM tasarım süreçleri ve üç boyutlu baskı teknolojileri gibi dijital üretim yöntemlerinin klinik uygulamalara katkıları ele alınmıştır. Protezin stabilitesini ve klinik başarısını doğrudan etkileyen retansiyon yöntemleri ve klinik uygulama protokolleri ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca nanoteknoloji, yumuşak doku mühendisliği, artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik gibi gelişmekte olan teknolojilerin maksillofasiyal protez rehabilitasyonunun geleceğine yönelik potansiyel katkıları tartışılmıştır. Bu bölüm, klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar için güncel yaklaşımları bütüncül bir perspektifle sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Maxillofacial defects caused by congenital anomalies, traumatic injuries, oncologic resections, or severe infections represent complex clinical conditions that can significantly affect patients’ functional capacity, aesthetic appearance, and psychosocial well-being. Maxillofacial prostheses play a crucial role in the rehabilitation of these defects, serving either as an alternative or as a complementary approach to surgical reconstruction. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles and contemporary developments in maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. The etiology and classification of maxillofacial defects are first discussed, followed by an evaluation of biomaterials used in facial prostheses, with particular emphasis on silicone elastomers and nanotechnology-enhanced materials. Furthermore, the integration of digital technologies—including facial scanning systems, CAD-CAM design processes, and three-dimensional printing techniques—into clinical workflows is examined. Retention methods and clinical application protocols that directly influence prosthetic stability and treatment outcomes are also addressed. Finally, emerging innovations such as nanotechnology, soft tissue engineering, augmented reality, and virtual reality are explored in terms of their potential contributions to the future of maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation. This chapter aims to provide clinicians and researchers with an up-to-date and multidisciplinary perspective on current approaches and future directions in the field.

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