Diş Hekimliğinde Dijital İş Akışı: Teknolojik Bileşenler ve Sanal Hasta Entegrasyonu
Özet
Dijital teknolojilerdeki gelişmeler, diş hekimliğinde tanı, tedavi planlaması ve restoratif üretim süreçlerini köklü biçimde dönüştürmüştür. Günümüzde intraoral tarayıcılar, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ve üç boyutlu fasiyal tarama sistemleri sayesinde hastaya ait anatomik ve fonksiyonel veriler yüksek doğrulukla sayısal ortama aktarılabilmektedir. Bu verilerin gelişmiş yazılımlar aracılığıyla entegre edilmesi, maksillanın kraniyofasiyal yapıya göre konumlandırılması, sanal artikülasyonun gerçekleştirilmesi ve bilgisayar destekli üretim sistemleri ile restorasyonların elde edilmesi dijital dental iş akışının temel basamaklarını oluşturmaktadır. Virtual facebow ve sanal hasta konsepti, tedavi planlamasının yalnızca dental ark ile sınırlı kalmayıp dentofasiyal yapıların bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. CAD/CAM üretim teknolojileri, yüksek performanslı materyaller ile standardize ve tekrarlanabilir restorasyonların elde edilmesini mümkün kılarken, veri zincirinin her aşamasındaki doğruluk klinik başarıyı doğrudan etkilemektedir. Yapay zekâ destekli sistemler veri entegrasyonu ve restorasyon tasarımı süreçlerinde otomasyon sağlayarak dijital iş akışının hızını ve öngörülebilirliğini artırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bölümde dijital dental iş akışının teknolojik bileşenleri teknoloji odaklı bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır.
Referanslar
Joda T, Zarone F, Ferrari M. The complete digital workflow in fixed prosthodontics: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:124.
Revilla-León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:146-158.
Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons RL, Figliuzzi M. Digital dentistry: new materials and techniques. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:5261246.
Joda T, Gallucci GO. The virtual patient in dental medicine. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:725-726.
Rangel FA, Maal TJJ, Bergé SJ, van Vlijmen OJC, Plooij JM, Schutyser FAC. Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:820-826.
Bohner L, Gamba DD, Hanisch M, Marcio BS, Tortamano Neto P, Laganá DC. Accuracy of digital technologies for the scanning of facial, skeletal, and intraoral tissues: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:246-251.
Bor S, Oğuz F, Özdemir D. Evaluation of trueness and precision of 3 face-scanning devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2025 ;168(3):358-366.
Lawand G, Tohme H, Azevedo L, Martin W, Gonzaga L, Nassif M, Revilla-León M. Techniques and accuracy for aligning facial and intraoral digital scans to integrate a 3-dimensional virtual patient: A systematic review. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(5):1094-1103.
Solaberrieta E, Minguez R, Barrenetxea L, Etxaniz O, Otegi JR. Virtual facebow technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:751-755.
Mangano FG, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Imburgia M, Mangano C, Admakin O. Trueness and precision of 5 intraoral scanners in the impressions of single and multiple implants: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:101.
Hack GD, Patzelt SBM. Evaluation of the accuracy of six intraoral scanning devices: an in vitro investigation. ADA Prof Prod Rev. 2015;10:1-5.
Abduo J, Elseyoufi M. Accuracy of intraoral scanners: a systematic review of influencing factors. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2018;26:101-121.
Joda T, Brägger U. Digital vs. conventional implant prosthetic workflows: a cost/time analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:1430-1435.
Zimmermann M, Ender A, Mehl A. Local accuracy of actual intraoral scanning systems for single-tooth preparations in vitro. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020;151:127-135.
Gimenez B, Özcan M, Martinez-Rus F, Pradies G. Accuracy of a digital impression system based on active wavefront sampling technology for implants considering operator experience, implant angulation, and depth. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17:e54-e64.
Ender A, Zimmermann M, Mehl A. Accuracy of complete-arch dental impressions: a new method of measuring trueness and precision. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:313-320.
Patzelt SBM, Emmanouilidi A, Stampf S, Strub JR, Att W. Accuracy of full-arch scans using intraoral scanners. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18:1687-1694.
Imburgia M, Logozzo S, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Mangano C, Mangano FG. Accuracy of four intraoral scanners in oral implantology: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:92.
Papaspyridakos P, Gallucci GO, Chen CJ, Hanssen S, Naert I, Vandenberghe B. Digital versus conventional implant impressions for edentulous patients: accuracy outcomes. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27:465-472.
Auduc C, Douillard T, Nicolas E, El Osta N.Fully Digital Workflow in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Methodological Review.Prosthesis. 2025;7(4):85.
Abduo J, Lyons K. Rationale for the use of CAD/CAM technology in implant prosthodontics. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:768121.
Miyazaki T, Hotta Y. CAD/CAM systems available for the fabrication of crown and bridge restorations. Aust Dent J. 2011;56:97-106.
Alharbi N, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Factors influencing the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed full-coverage dental restorations using stereolithography technology. Int J Prosthodont. 2016;29:503-510.
Mangano F, Gandolfi A, Luongo G, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:149.
Schwendicke F, Samek W, Krois J. Artificial intelligence in dentistry: chances and challenges. J Dent Res. 2020;99:769-774.
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Maganur PC, et al. Developments, application, and performance of artificial intelligence in dentistry – a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16:508-522.
Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, et al.Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. PLOS Digit Health. 2023;2:e0000198.
Kuroiwa T, Sarcon A, Ibara T, Yamada E, Yamamoto A, Tsukamoto K, Fujita K. The potential of ChatGPT as a self-diagnostic tool in common orthopedic diseases: exploratory study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2023;25:e47621.
Referanslar
Joda T, Zarone F, Ferrari M. The complete digital workflow in fixed prosthodontics: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:124.
Revilla-León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthodont. 2019;28:146-158.
Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons RL, Figliuzzi M. Digital dentistry: new materials and techniques. Int J Dent. 2018;2018:5261246.
Joda T, Gallucci GO. The virtual patient in dental medicine. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:725-726.
Rangel FA, Maal TJJ, Bergé SJ, van Vlijmen OJC, Plooij JM, Schutyser FAC. Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:820-826.
Bohner L, Gamba DD, Hanisch M, Marcio BS, Tortamano Neto P, Laganá DC. Accuracy of digital technologies for the scanning of facial, skeletal, and intraoral tissues: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121:246-251.
Bor S, Oğuz F, Özdemir D. Evaluation of trueness and precision of 3 face-scanning devices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2025 ;168(3):358-366.
Lawand G, Tohme H, Azevedo L, Martin W, Gonzaga L, Nassif M, Revilla-León M. Techniques and accuracy for aligning facial and intraoral digital scans to integrate a 3-dimensional virtual patient: A systematic review. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(5):1094-1103.
Solaberrieta E, Minguez R, Barrenetxea L, Etxaniz O, Otegi JR. Virtual facebow technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114:751-755.
Mangano FG, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Imburgia M, Mangano C, Admakin O. Trueness and precision of 5 intraoral scanners in the impressions of single and multiple implants: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19:101.
Hack GD, Patzelt SBM. Evaluation of the accuracy of six intraoral scanning devices: an in vitro investigation. ADA Prof Prod Rev. 2015;10:1-5.
Abduo J, Elseyoufi M. Accuracy of intraoral scanners: a systematic review of influencing factors. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2018;26:101-121.
Joda T, Brägger U. Digital vs. conventional implant prosthetic workflows: a cost/time analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015;26:1430-1435.
Zimmermann M, Ender A, Mehl A. Local accuracy of actual intraoral scanning systems for single-tooth preparations in vitro. J Am Dent Assoc. 2020;151:127-135.
Gimenez B, Özcan M, Martinez-Rus F, Pradies G. Accuracy of a digital impression system based on active wavefront sampling technology for implants considering operator experience, implant angulation, and depth. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2015;17:e54-e64.
Ender A, Zimmermann M, Mehl A. Accuracy of complete-arch dental impressions: a new method of measuring trueness and precision. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;115:313-320.
Patzelt SBM, Emmanouilidi A, Stampf S, Strub JR, Att W. Accuracy of full-arch scans using intraoral scanners. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18:1687-1694.
Imburgia M, Logozzo S, Hauschild U, Veronesi G, Mangano C, Mangano FG. Accuracy of four intraoral scanners in oral implantology: a comparative in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:92.
Papaspyridakos P, Gallucci GO, Chen CJ, Hanssen S, Naert I, Vandenberghe B. Digital versus conventional implant impressions for edentulous patients: accuracy outcomes. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016;27:465-472.
Auduc C, Douillard T, Nicolas E, El Osta N.Fully Digital Workflow in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: A Descriptive Methodological Review.Prosthesis. 2025;7(4):85.
Abduo J, Lyons K. Rationale for the use of CAD/CAM technology in implant prosthodontics. Int J Dent. 2013;2013:768121.
Miyazaki T, Hotta Y. CAD/CAM systems available for the fabrication of crown and bridge restorations. Aust Dent J. 2011;56:97-106.
Alharbi N, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Factors influencing the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed full-coverage dental restorations using stereolithography technology. Int J Prosthodont. 2016;29:503-510.
Mangano F, Gandolfi A, Luongo G, Logozzo S. Intraoral scanners in dentistry: a review of the current literature. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17:149.
Schwendicke F, Samek W, Krois J. Artificial intelligence in dentistry: chances and challenges. J Dent Res. 2020;99:769-774.
Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Maganur PC, et al. Developments, application, and performance of artificial intelligence in dentistry – a systematic review. J Dent Sci. 2021;16:508-522.
Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, et al.Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models. PLOS Digit Health. 2023;2:e0000198.
Kuroiwa T, Sarcon A, Ibara T, Yamada E, Yamamoto A, Tsukamoto K, Fujita K. The potential of ChatGPT as a self-diagnostic tool in common orthopedic diseases: exploratory study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2023;25:e47621.
