3B Baskı Sabit Restorasyonlarda Klinik Başarıyı Etkileyen Parametreler
Özet
Bu bölümde, üç boyutlu (3B) baskı teknolojisi ile üretilen sabit dental restorasyonların klinik başarısını etkileyen temel faktörler ele alınmaktadır. 3B baskı, dijital diş hekimliğinde hızlı üretim, maliyet etkinliği ve hasta özelinde tasarım avantajları sunarken, restorasyonların performansı; kullanılan materyal türü, üretim parametreleri ve post-processing protokollerine bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermektedir. Fotopolimer reçinelerin bileşimi, dolgu içeriği ve polimerizasyon derecesi mekanik dayanım ve estetik özellikleri doğrudan etkilerken; baskı yönü, katman kalınlığı ve ışınlama süresi restorasyonların marjinal uyumu ve yüzey kalitesinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Post-kürleme süreçleri ise biyouyumluluk, renk stabilitesi ve yüzey sertliği açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca, klinik başarı; dayanıklılık, aşınma direnci, renk stabilitesi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü gibi parametreler üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Güncel literatür, uygun materyal seçimi ve optimize edilmiş üretim protokolleri ile 3B baskı sabit restorasyonların klinik olarak kabul edilebilir ve umut verici sonuçlar sunduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, uzun dönem klinik veriler ve standardize üretim protokollerine olan ihtiyaç devam etmektedir.
This chapter reviews the key factors influencing the clinical success of fixed dental restorations fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. While 3D printing offers advantages such as cost efficiency, rapid production, and patient-specific customization in digital dentistry, the performance of restorations depends on material properties, manufacturing parameters, and post-processing protocols. The composition of photopolymer resins, including filler content and degree of polymerization, directly affects mechanical strength and esthetic properties. In addition, printing parameters such as build orientation, layer thickness, and exposure time play a critical role in determining marginal accuracy and surface quality. Post-curing procedures are essential for improving biocompatibility, color stability, and surface hardness. Clinical success is evaluated based on durability, wear resistance, color stability, and surface roughness. Current evidence suggests that, when appropriate materials and optimized protocols are used, 3D-printed fixed restorations can achieve clinically acceptable and promising outcomes. However, further long-term clinical studies and standardized manufacturing guidelines are still required.
Referanslar
Song S-Y, Shin Y-H, Lee J-Y, Shin S-W. Color stability of provisional restorative materials with different fabrication methods. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2020;12(5):259.
Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Müller AS, Agis H. 3D Printing—encompassing the facets of dentistry. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. 2018;6:172.
Alharbi N, Alharbi S, Cuijpers VM, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Three-dimensional evaluation of marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed interim restorations fabricated on different finish line designs. Journal of prosthodontic research. 2018;62(2):218-26.
Alamo L, Cassiano FB, Bordini EAF, Stuani VT, Pacheco LE, de Oliveira Gallinari M, et al. An organotypic model of oral mucosa cells for the biological assessment of 3D printed resins for interim restorations. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2024;132(1):251-9.
Revilla‐León M, Meyers MJ, Zandinejad A, Özcan M. A review on chemical composition, mechanical properties, and manufacturing work flow of additively manufactured current polymers for interim dental restorations. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2019;31(1):51-7.
Wuersching SN, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Kollmuss M. Initial biocompatibility of novel resins for 3D printed fixed dental prostheses. Dental Materials. 2022;38(10):1587-97.
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş hekimliğinde yeni ve hızla ilerleyen üretim teknolojisi: 3 boyutlu yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2021;7(2):197-205.
Küçükeşmen HC, Topaloğlu A, Kürkçüoğlu I. ÜRETİM SÜRESİ FARKLILIKLARININ 3B YAZICIYLA HAZIRLANAN GEÇİCİ RESTORASYONLARIN RENK VE YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry. 2025;9(3):698-706.
Yüceer ÖM, Kaynak Öztürk E, Çiçek ES, Aktaş N, Bankoğlu Güngör M. Three-Dimensional-Printed photopolymer resin materials: A narrative review on their production techniques and applications in dentistry. Polymers. 2025;17(3):316.
Kessler A, Montenbruck L, Schwendicke F, Lüchtenborg J, Kaisarly D. Narrative review of 3D-printed temporary and permanent dental resin restorations. Polymer Testing. 2025:108953.
Sonkaya E, Bek Kürklü GZ. Additively Manufactured Definitive Crown Resins on Premolar and Molar Teeth: 2-Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2025;38(3).
Mudhaffer S, Haider J, Satterthwaite J, Silikas N. Effects of print orientation and artificial aging on the flexural strength and flexural modulus of 3D printed restorative resin materials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(5):1345-57.
Abdelhady W, Abozaid D, Mohammed M, Ashraf M, Metwally M, Mohammed H. A systematic review on influence of printing layer thickness on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses. Odontology. 2025:1-23.
Alammar A, Att W, Beuer F. The Accuracy of 3D‐Printed Fixed Dental Restorations. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2025;37(4):1047-61.
Ahn J-H, Choi J-W. The Influence of the Internal Design and Layer Thickness on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dental Models. Materials. 2025;18(17):4173.
Lee E-H, Ahn J-S, Lim Y-J, Kwon H-B, Kim M-J. Effect of post-curing time on the color stability and related properties of a tooth-colored 3D-printed resin material. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2022;126:104993.
Celikel P, Sengul F. Investigating the impact of post-curing cycles on surface hardness and color stability in 3D printed resin crowns. Odontology. 2025;113(1):156-62.
Mohajeri M, Khazaei S, Vafaee F, Firouz F, Gholiabad SG, Shisheian A. Marginal fit of temporary restorations fabricated by the conventional chairside method, 3D printing, and milling. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2021;18:31.
Mosaddad SA, Peláez J, Panadero RA, Ghodsi S, Akhlaghian M, Suárez MJ. Do 3D printed and milled tooth-supported complete monolithic zirconia crowns differ in accuracy and fit? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(2):383-93.
Topsakal KG, Aksoy M, Süküt Y, Duran GS. Effect of post-curing parameters and material thickness on the color stability of 3D-printed dental resins: An in vitro study. International Orthodontics. 2025;23(2):100985.
Aktug Karademir S, Atasoy S, Akarsu S, Karaaslan E. Effects of post-curing conditions on degree of conversion, microhardness, and stainability of 3D printed permanent resins. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):304.
Soto-Montero J, de Castro EF, Romano BdC, Nima G, Shimokawa CA, Giannini M. Color alterations, flexural strength, and microhardness of 3D printed resins for fixed provisional restoration using different post-curing times. Dental Materials. 2022;38(8):1271-82.
Lima ACdRC, de Azevedo Feiten IL, Neto MPC, Magalhães Filho TR, Cavalcante LMA, Schneider LFJ. Post-curing strategies for enhanced polymerization and color stability in 3D-printed composite crowns. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2025:107235.
Yay Kuscu HY, Gorus Z. Translucency, color, and hardness of 3D-printed provisional restorations. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):27227.
Bora PV, Lawson NC, Givan DA, Arce C, Roberts H. Enamel wear and fatigue resistance of 3D printed resin compared with lithium disilicate. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(2):523. e1-. e9.
Veerapeindee P, Rungsiyakull P, Jia-Mahasap W. Wear resistance of 3D printed, milled, and prefabricated methacrylate-based resin materials: An in vitro study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(3):904. e1-. e8.
Galbraith A, Doan M, Galbraith T, Abubakr NH. Evaluation of Color Stability and Marginal Integrity in Provisional Restorations: A Study of Milling, 3D Printing, and Conventional Fabrication Methods. Dentistry Journal. 2025;13(5):189.
Doğan ŞE. Farklı solüsyonların geçici restorasyonların renk stabilitesine etkisi. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi). 2025;11(2):115-9.
Hashemzade Z, Alihemmati M, Hakimaneh SMR, Shayegh SS, Bafandeh MA, Mohammadi Z. Comparison of Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Interim Crowns Fabricated by Conventional, Milling and 3D Printing Methods. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 2025;11(2):e70119.
Flottes Y, Smail Y, Palomino-Durand C, Attal J-P, Ceinos R, François P, et al. Properties of 3D printed resins for definitive dental restorations: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025.
Revilla‐León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(2):146-58.
Saadi M, Maguire A, Pottackal NT, Thakur MSH, Ikram MM, Hart AJ, et al. Direct ink writing: a 3D printing technology for diverse materials. Advanced Materials. 2022;34(28):2108855.
Unkovskiy A, Bui PH-B, Schille C, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Huettig F, Spintzyk S. Objects build orientation, positioning, and curing influence dimensional accuracy and flexural properties of stereolithographically printed resin. Dental Materials. 2018;34(12):e324-e33.
Referanslar
Song S-Y, Shin Y-H, Lee J-Y, Shin S-W. Color stability of provisional restorative materials with different fabrication methods. The journal of advanced prosthodontics. 2020;12(5):259.
Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, Janjić K, Müller AS, Agis H. 3D Printing—encompassing the facets of dentistry. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. 2018;6:172.
Alharbi N, Alharbi S, Cuijpers VM, Osman RB, Wismeijer D. Three-dimensional evaluation of marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed interim restorations fabricated on different finish line designs. Journal of prosthodontic research. 2018;62(2):218-26.
Alamo L, Cassiano FB, Bordini EAF, Stuani VT, Pacheco LE, de Oliveira Gallinari M, et al. An organotypic model of oral mucosa cells for the biological assessment of 3D printed resins for interim restorations. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2024;132(1):251-9.
Revilla‐León M, Meyers MJ, Zandinejad A, Özcan M. A review on chemical composition, mechanical properties, and manufacturing work flow of additively manufactured current polymers for interim dental restorations. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2019;31(1):51-7.
Wuersching SN, Hickel R, Edelhoff D, Kollmuss M. Initial biocompatibility of novel resins for 3D printed fixed dental prostheses. Dental Materials. 2022;38(10):1587-97.
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş hekimliğinde yeni ve hızla ilerleyen üretim teknolojisi: 3 boyutlu yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2021;7(2):197-205.
Küçükeşmen HC, Topaloğlu A, Kürkçüoğlu I. ÜRETİM SÜRESİ FARKLILIKLARININ 3B YAZICIYLA HAZIRLANAN GEÇİCİ RESTORASYONLARIN RENK VE YÜZEY ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ. International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry. 2025;9(3):698-706.
Yüceer ÖM, Kaynak Öztürk E, Çiçek ES, Aktaş N, Bankoğlu Güngör M. Three-Dimensional-Printed photopolymer resin materials: A narrative review on their production techniques and applications in dentistry. Polymers. 2025;17(3):316.
Kessler A, Montenbruck L, Schwendicke F, Lüchtenborg J, Kaisarly D. Narrative review of 3D-printed temporary and permanent dental resin restorations. Polymer Testing. 2025:108953.
Sonkaya E, Bek Kürklü GZ. Additively Manufactured Definitive Crown Resins on Premolar and Molar Teeth: 2-Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2025;38(3).
Mudhaffer S, Haider J, Satterthwaite J, Silikas N. Effects of print orientation and artificial aging on the flexural strength and flexural modulus of 3D printed restorative resin materials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(5):1345-57.
Abdelhady W, Abozaid D, Mohammed M, Ashraf M, Metwally M, Mohammed H. A systematic review on influence of printing layer thickness on the marginal and internal fit of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses. Odontology. 2025:1-23.
Alammar A, Att W, Beuer F. The Accuracy of 3D‐Printed Fixed Dental Restorations. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2025;37(4):1047-61.
Ahn J-H, Choi J-W. The Influence of the Internal Design and Layer Thickness on the Accuracy of 3D-Printed Dental Models. Materials. 2025;18(17):4173.
Lee E-H, Ahn J-S, Lim Y-J, Kwon H-B, Kim M-J. Effect of post-curing time on the color stability and related properties of a tooth-colored 3D-printed resin material. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2022;126:104993.
Celikel P, Sengul F. Investigating the impact of post-curing cycles on surface hardness and color stability in 3D printed resin crowns. Odontology. 2025;113(1):156-62.
Mohajeri M, Khazaei S, Vafaee F, Firouz F, Gholiabad SG, Shisheian A. Marginal fit of temporary restorations fabricated by the conventional chairside method, 3D printing, and milling. Frontiers in Dentistry. 2021;18:31.
Mosaddad SA, Peláez J, Panadero RA, Ghodsi S, Akhlaghian M, Suárez MJ. Do 3D printed and milled tooth-supported complete monolithic zirconia crowns differ in accuracy and fit? A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(2):383-93.
Topsakal KG, Aksoy M, Süküt Y, Duran GS. Effect of post-curing parameters and material thickness on the color stability of 3D-printed dental resins: An in vitro study. International Orthodontics. 2025;23(2):100985.
Aktug Karademir S, Atasoy S, Akarsu S, Karaaslan E. Effects of post-curing conditions on degree of conversion, microhardness, and stainability of 3D printed permanent resins. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):304.
Soto-Montero J, de Castro EF, Romano BdC, Nima G, Shimokawa CA, Giannini M. Color alterations, flexural strength, and microhardness of 3D printed resins for fixed provisional restoration using different post-curing times. Dental Materials. 2022;38(8):1271-82.
Lima ACdRC, de Azevedo Feiten IL, Neto MPC, Magalhães Filho TR, Cavalcante LMA, Schneider LFJ. Post-curing strategies for enhanced polymerization and color stability in 3D-printed composite crowns. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2025:107235.
Yay Kuscu HY, Gorus Z. Translucency, color, and hardness of 3D-printed provisional restorations. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):27227.
Bora PV, Lawson NC, Givan DA, Arce C, Roberts H. Enamel wear and fatigue resistance of 3D printed resin compared with lithium disilicate. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(2):523. e1-. e9.
Veerapeindee P, Rungsiyakull P, Jia-Mahasap W. Wear resistance of 3D printed, milled, and prefabricated methacrylate-based resin materials: An in vitro study. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025;133(3):904. e1-. e8.
Galbraith A, Doan M, Galbraith T, Abubakr NH. Evaluation of Color Stability and Marginal Integrity in Provisional Restorations: A Study of Milling, 3D Printing, and Conventional Fabrication Methods. Dentistry Journal. 2025;13(5):189.
Doğan ŞE. Farklı solüsyonların geçici restorasyonların renk stabilitesine etkisi. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi). 2025;11(2):115-9.
Hashemzade Z, Alihemmati M, Hakimaneh SMR, Shayegh SS, Bafandeh MA, Mohammadi Z. Comparison of Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Interim Crowns Fabricated by Conventional, Milling and 3D Printing Methods. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. 2025;11(2):e70119.
Flottes Y, Smail Y, Palomino-Durand C, Attal J-P, Ceinos R, François P, et al. Properties of 3D printed resins for definitive dental restorations: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2025.
Revilla‐León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(2):146-58.
Saadi M, Maguire A, Pottackal NT, Thakur MSH, Ikram MM, Hart AJ, et al. Direct ink writing: a 3D printing technology for diverse materials. Advanced Materials. 2022;34(28):2108855.
Unkovskiy A, Bui PH-B, Schille C, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Huettig F, Spintzyk S. Objects build orientation, positioning, and curing influence dimensional accuracy and flexural properties of stereolithographically printed resin. Dental Materials. 2018;34(12):e324-e33.
