Laminate Veneer Restorasyonlarda Klinik Uygulama, Üretim ve Simantasyon
Özet
Laminate veneer restorasyonlar, minimal invaziv yaklaşım ilkeleri doğrultusunda geliştirilen ve özellikle anterior bölge estetik rehabilitasyonunda yaygın olarak kullanılan restoratif tedavi seçenekleri arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bölümde laminate veneer restorasyonların klinik uygulama aşamaları, preparasyon prensipleri, üretim yöntemleri ve simantasyon protokolleri kapsamlı biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Öncelikle diş preparasyonunun temel aşamaları; labial, gingival, interproksimal ve insizal yüzey preparasyonları açısından değerlendirilmiş ve farklı preparasyon tasarımlarının klinik avantajları tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca restorasyonların üretiminde kullanılan dijital ve konvansiyonel yaklaşımlar incelenmiş; CAD/CAM sistemleri ile üç boyutlu yazıcı teknolojilerinin laminate veneer restorasyonların planlama ve üretim süreçlerine sağladığı katkılar açıklanmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra veneer restorasyonlarında kullanılan seramik ve hibrit materyallerin mikro yapısal özellikleri, mekanik dayanımları ve estetik performansları karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bölümde ayrıca laminate veneer restorasyonların simantasyonunda kullanılan adeziv rezin simanların kimyasal yapıları, polimerizasyon tipleri ve klinik kullanım özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak laminate veneer restorasyonların uzun dönem klinik başarısının; doğru preparasyon tasarımı, uygun materyal seçimi, dijital üretim tekniklerinin doğru kullanımı ve adeziv simantasyon protokollerinin eksiksiz uygulanmasına bağlı olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.
Laminate veneer restorations are restorative treatment options developed according to minimally invasive principles and are widely used particularly for esthetic rehabilitation of the anterior region. This chapter comprehensively discusses the clinical application stages, preparation principles, production methods, and cementation protocols of laminate veneer restorations. First, the fundamental stages of tooth preparation are evaluated in terms of labial, gingival, interproximal, and incisal surface preparations, and the clinical advantages of different preparation designs are discussed. In addition, both digital and conventional production approaches are reviewed, highlighting the contributions of CAD/CAM systems and three-dimensional printing technologies to the planning and manufacturing processes of laminate veneer restorations. Furthermore, the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and esthetic performance of ceramic and hybrid materials used in veneer restorations are comparatively evaluated. The chapter also addresses the chemical composition, polymerization types, and clinical applications of adhesive resin cements used for the cementation of laminate veneer restorations. In conclusion, the long-term clinical success of laminate veneer restorations depends on appropriate preparation design, proper material selection, the effective use of digital production technologies, and the accurate implementation of adhesive cementation protocols.
Referanslar
Gürel G. Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Quintessence Books; 2003.
Crispin B. Contemporary esthetic dentistiry. Practice fundamentals. 1994:57-71.
Coachman C, Gurel G, Calamita M, et al. The influence of tooth color on preparation design for laminate veneers from a minimally invasive perspective: Case report. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry. 2014;34(4).
Gür DE, Kesim B. Porselen laminate veneerler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004;7(1):72-9.
Walls A, Steele J, Wassell R. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: porcelain laminate veneers. British dental Journal. 2002;193(2):73-82. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4801489
Ho E. Porcelain veneers: an overview with a case presentation. Hong Kong Dental Journal. 2007;4:47-57.
Brunton P, Aminian A, Wilson N. Tooth preparation techniques for porcelain laminate veneers. British Dental Journal. 2000;189(5):260-2. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4800739
Gürel G, Gürel G. The Science and Art of Porcelain Laminate Veneers: Quintessence London; 2003.
Clyde J, Gilmour A. Porcelain veneers: a preliminary review. British Dental Journal. 1988;164(1):9-14.
Gürel G. Porcelain laminate veneers: minimal tooth preparation by design. Dental Clinics of North America. 2007;51(2):419-31. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2007.03.007
Chai SY, Bennani V, Aarts JM, et al. Incisal preparation design for ceramic veneers: A critical review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018;149(1):25-37. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2017.08.031
Peng LY, Cook CB, DC U, et al. Porcelain veneers–part II: preparation and delivery. Clinical Update. 2004;26:35-7.
Cherukara G, Seymour K, Samarawickrama D, et al. A study into the variations in the labial reduction of teeth prepared to receive porcelain veneers–a comparison of three clinical techniques. British dental journal. 2002;192(7):401-4. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00215-4
Yousief SA, Galal RM, Alsharief HMA, et al. Comparison of two types of preparation for laminate veneer with three types of all-ceramic materials. European Journal of Dentistry. 2023;17(01):120-6. doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770121
Castelnuovo J, Tjan AH, Phillips K, et al. Fracture load and mode of failure of ceramic veneers with different preparations. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2000;83(2):171-80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70021-0
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Terzi M, Bulut BT, Büyük SK, et al. 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Dentistry: A Bibliometric Study. Current Research in Dental Sciences. 2025;35(2):154-8.
Revilla‐León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(2):146-58. doi:10.1111/jopr.12930
Khorsandi D, Fahimipour A, Abasian P, et al. 3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications. Acta Biomaterialia. 2021;122:26-49. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.035
Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth J-F. 3D printing in digital prosthetic dentistry: an overview of recent developments in additive manufacturing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(9):2010. doi:10.3390/jcm10092010
Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, et al. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. The Journal of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 2018;70(3):275-83. doi:10.1007/s11837-018-2662-6
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş hekimliğinde yeni ve hızla ilerleyen üretim teknolojisi: 3 boyutlu yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2021;7(2):197-205.
Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, et al. 3D Printing—encompassing the facets of dentistry. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2018;6:172. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2018.00172
Layani M, Wang X, Magdassi S. Novel materials for 3D printing by photopolymerization. Advanced Materials. 2018;30(41):1706344. doi:10.1002/adma.201706344
Heller C, Schwentenwein M, Russmueller G, et al. Vinyl esters: low cytotoxicity monomers for the fabrication of biocompatible 3D scaffolds by lithography based additive manufacturing. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2009;47(24):6941-54. doi:10.1002/pola.23689
Cho Y, Lee I, Cho DW. Laser scanning path generation considering photopolymer solidification in micro-stereolithography. Microsystem Technologies. 2005;11(2):158-67.
Alharbi N, van de Veen AJ, Wismeijer D, et al. Build angle and its influence on the flexure strength of stereolithography printed hybrid resin material. An in vitro study and a fractographic analysis. Materials Technology. 2019;34(1):12-7.
Aral M, Keskin Y. Diş hekimliğinde 3 boyutlu-eklemeli üretim: Derleme. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi). 2024;10(1):1-11.
Chua CK, Leong KF. 3D Printing and additive manufacturing: Principles and applications (with companion media pack)-of rapid prototyping: World Scientific Publishing Company; 2014.
Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B, et al. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Springer; 2021.
Özay M, Sarıdağ S. Diş Hekimliğinde Fotopolimerizasyon ile 3 Boyutlu Üretim Yöntemleri ve Kullanım Alanları. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2023;10(2):479-85.
Zhao M, Geng Y, Fan S, et al. 3D-printed strong hybrid materials with low shrinkage for dental restoration. Composites Science and Technology. 2021;213:108902. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108902
Albakry M, Guazzato M, Swain MV. Biaxial flexural strength, elastic moduli, and x-ray diffraction characterization of three pressable all-ceramic materials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2003;89(4):374-80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00160-0
Yazgan Y. Isi ile preslenen farkli tam seramik kronlarin kirilma dirençlerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;47(1-3):97-108.
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Referanslar
Gürel G. Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Quintessence Books; 2003.
Crispin B. Contemporary esthetic dentistiry. Practice fundamentals. 1994:57-71.
Coachman C, Gurel G, Calamita M, et al. The influence of tooth color on preparation design for laminate veneers from a minimally invasive perspective: Case report. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry. 2014;34(4).
Gür DE, Kesim B. Porselen laminate veneerler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2004;7(1):72-9.
Walls A, Steele J, Wassell R. Crowns and other extra-coronal restorations: porcelain laminate veneers. British dental Journal. 2002;193(2):73-82. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4801489
Ho E. Porcelain veneers: an overview with a case presentation. Hong Kong Dental Journal. 2007;4:47-57.
Brunton P, Aminian A, Wilson N. Tooth preparation techniques for porcelain laminate veneers. British Dental Journal. 2000;189(5):260-2. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4800739
Gürel G, Gürel G. The Science and Art of Porcelain Laminate Veneers: Quintessence London; 2003.
Clyde J, Gilmour A. Porcelain veneers: a preliminary review. British Dental Journal. 1988;164(1):9-14.
Gürel G. Porcelain laminate veneers: minimal tooth preparation by design. Dental Clinics of North America. 2007;51(2):419-31. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2007.03.007
Chai SY, Bennani V, Aarts JM, et al. Incisal preparation design for ceramic veneers: A critical review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018;149(1):25-37. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2017.08.031
Peng LY, Cook CB, DC U, et al. Porcelain veneers–part II: preparation and delivery. Clinical Update. 2004;26:35-7.
Cherukara G, Seymour K, Samarawickrama D, et al. A study into the variations in the labial reduction of teeth prepared to receive porcelain veneers–a comparison of three clinical techniques. British dental journal. 2002;192(7):401-4. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00215-4
Yousief SA, Galal RM, Alsharief HMA, et al. Comparison of two types of preparation for laminate veneer with three types of all-ceramic materials. European Journal of Dentistry. 2023;17(01):120-6. doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770121
Castelnuovo J, Tjan AH, Phillips K, et al. Fracture load and mode of failure of ceramic veneers with different preparations. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2000;83(2):171-80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(00)70021-0
Shetty A, Kaiwar A, Shubhashini N, et al. Survival rates of porcelain laminate restoration based on different incisal preparation designs: An analysis. Journal of Conservative Dentistry. 2011;14(1):10-5. doi:10.4103/0972-0707.80723
Smales RJ, Etemadi S. Long-term survival of porcelain laminate veneers using two preparation designs: a retrospective study. The International Journal of Prosthodontics. 2004;17(3). doi:10.1308/1355761052894130
Duret F, Blouin JL, Duret B. CAD-CAM in dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1988;117(6):715-20.
Strub JR, Rekow ED, Witkowski S. Computer-aided design and fabrication of dental restorations: current systems and future possibilities. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2006;137(9):1289-96. doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2006.07.006
AhmED KE. We're going digital: the current state of CAD/CAM dentistry in prosthodontics. Primary Dental Journal. 2018;7(2):30-5.
Janeva NM, Kovacevska G, Elencevski S, et al. Advantages of CAD/CAM versus conventional complete dentures-a review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018;6(8):1498. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.308
Çetindağ MT, Meşe A. DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN CAD/CAM (BİLGİSAYAR DESTEKLİ TASARIM/BİLGİSAYAR DESTEKLİ ÜRETİM) SİSTEMLERİ VE MATERYALLER. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2016;26(3):524-33.
Alyami MH. The applications of 3D-printing technology in prosthodontics: A review of the current literature. Cureus. 2024;16(9). doi:10.7759/cureus.68501
Savini A, Savini G, editors. A short history of 3D printing, a technological revolution just started. 2015 ICOHTEC/IEEE International History of High-Technologies and Their Socio-Cultural Contexts Conference (HISTELCON); 2015: IEEE.
Singh V. Rapid prototyping, materials for RP and applications of RP. International Journal of Engineering Research and Science. 2013;4(7):473-80.
Terzi M, Bulut BT, Büyük SK, et al. 3D Printing/Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Dentistry: A Bibliometric Study. Current Research in Dental Sciences. 2025;35(2):154-8.
Revilla‐León M, Özcan M. Additive manufacturing technologies used for processing polymers: current status and potential application in prosthetic dentistry. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2019;28(2):146-58. doi:10.1111/jopr.12930
Khorsandi D, Fahimipour A, Abasian P, et al. 3D and 4D printing in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery: Printing techniques, materials, and applications. Acta Biomaterialia. 2021;122:26-49. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.035
Schweiger J, Edelhoff D, Güth J-F. 3D printing in digital prosthetic dentistry: an overview of recent developments in additive manufacturing. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(9):2010. doi:10.3390/jcm10092010
Jasiuk I, Abueidda DW, Kozuch C, et al. An overview on additive manufacturing of polymers. The Journal of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 2018;70(3):275-83. doi:10.1007/s11837-018-2662-6
Yavuz E, Yılmaz S. Diş hekimliğinde yeni ve hızla ilerleyen üretim teknolojisi: 3 boyutlu yazıcılar. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi. 2021;7(2):197-205.
Oberoi G, Nitsch S, Edelmayer M, et al. 3D Printing—encompassing the facets of dentistry. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2018;6:172. doi:10.3389/fbioe.2018.00172
Layani M, Wang X, Magdassi S. Novel materials for 3D printing by photopolymerization. Advanced Materials. 2018;30(41):1706344. doi:10.1002/adma.201706344
Heller C, Schwentenwein M, Russmueller G, et al. Vinyl esters: low cytotoxicity monomers for the fabrication of biocompatible 3D scaffolds by lithography based additive manufacturing. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2009;47(24):6941-54. doi:10.1002/pola.23689
Cho Y, Lee I, Cho DW. Laser scanning path generation considering photopolymer solidification in micro-stereolithography. Microsystem Technologies. 2005;11(2):158-67.
Alharbi N, van de Veen AJ, Wismeijer D, et al. Build angle and its influence on the flexure strength of stereolithography printed hybrid resin material. An in vitro study and a fractographic analysis. Materials Technology. 2019;34(1):12-7.
Aral M, Keskin Y. Diş hekimliğinde 3 boyutlu-eklemeli üretim: Derleme. Journal of International Dental Sciences (Uluslararası Diş Hekimliği Bilimleri Dergisi). 2024;10(1):1-11.
Chua CK, Leong KF. 3D Printing and additive manufacturing: Principles and applications (with companion media pack)-of rapid prototyping: World Scientific Publishing Company; 2014.
Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B, et al. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Springer; 2021.
Özay M, Sarıdağ S. Diş Hekimliğinde Fotopolimerizasyon ile 3 Boyutlu Üretim Yöntemleri ve Kullanım Alanları. Selcuk Dental Journal. 2023;10(2):479-85.
Zhao M, Geng Y, Fan S, et al. 3D-printed strong hybrid materials with low shrinkage for dental restoration. Composites Science and Technology. 2021;213:108902. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108902
Albakry M, Guazzato M, Swain MV. Biaxial flexural strength, elastic moduli, and x-ray diffraction characterization of three pressable all-ceramic materials. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2003;89(4):374-80. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00160-0
Yazgan Y. Isi ile preslenen farkli tam seramik kronlarin kirilma dirençlerinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;47(1-3):97-108.
Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, et al. All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dental Clinics of North America. 2011;55(2):333-52. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2011.02.006
Höland W, Schweiger M, Frank M, et al. A comparison of the microstructure and properties of the IPS Empress® 2 and the IPS Empress® glass‐ceramics. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. 2000;53(4):297-303. doi:10.1002/1097-4636(200011)53:4<297::AID-JBM6>3.0.CO;2-Z
de Carvalho Ramos N, Campos TMB, de La Paz IS, Machado JPB, et al. Microstructure characterization and SCG of newly engineered dental ceramics. Dental Materials. 2016;32(7):870-8. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.020
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