Periodontolojide Yapay Zeka: Klinik Tanıdan Prognostik Tahminlemeye Yeni Bir Paradigma
Özet
Bu bölüm, yapay zekânın periodontolojideki güncel ve potansiyel klinik kullanım alanlarını tanıdan prognostik tahminlemeye kadar kapsamlı biçimde ele almaktadır. Yapay zekâ; özellikle makine öğrenmesi, derin öğrenme ve evrişimli sinir ağları aracılığıyla radyografik kemik kaybının saptanması, periodontal hastalıkların evrelenmesi, peri-implant doku değişimlerinin izlenmesi ve klinik karar destek sistemlerinin geliştirilmesinde önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Ayrıca periodontal sondalama verileri, sistemik hastalık ilişkileri, mikrobiyom ve tükürük biyobelirteçleri gibi çok boyutlu verilerin birlikte değerlendirilmesiyle kişiselleştirilmiş risk analizi ve hassas periodontoloji yaklaşımı güç kazanmaktadır. Bölümde, büyük dil modellerinin hasta iletişimi ve klinik dokümantasyondaki yeri ile robotik cerrahi, dijital patoloji ve teledentistry gibi gelişen alanlar da tartışılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, açıklanabilirlik eksikliği, veri gizliliği, etik sorunlar ve algoritmik yanlılık gibi temel sınırlılıklar vurgulanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak yapay zekâ, periodontistin yerini alan bir teknoloji değil; tanısal doğruluğu, standardizasyonu ve klinik öngörü gücünü artıran güçlü bir yardımcı araç olarak değerlendirilmektedir.
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging clinical applications of artificial intelligence in periodontology, from diagnosis to prognostic prediction. Artificial intelligence, particularly through machine learning, deep learning, and convolutional neural networks, offers significant opportunities for detecting radiographic bone loss, staging periodontal diseases, monitoring peri-implant tissue changes, and supporting clinical decision-making. The integration of multidimensional data, including periodontal probing parameters, systemic health factors, microbiome profiles, and salivary biomarkers, further strengthens personalized risk assessment and the concept of precision periodontology. The chapter also discusses the role of large language models in patient communication and clinical documentation, as well as developing fields such as robotic surgery, digital pathology, and teledentistry. At the same time, major limitations including lack of explainability, data privacy concerns, ethical challenges, and algorithmic bias are critically addressed. Overall, artificial intelligence is presented not as a replacement for the periodontist, but as a powerful supportive tool that enhances diagnostic accuracy, standardization, and predictive capacity in modern periodontal practice.
Referanslar
Koca Ünsal RB, Orhan K. Diş Hekimliğinde Yapay Zeka Uygulamaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75(Suppl 1):52-55.
Yüce F, Taşsöker M. Diş hekimliğinde yapay zeka uygulamaları. Yeditepe Dental Journal. 2023;19(1).
Ding H, Wu J, Zhao W, et al. Artificial intelligence in dentistry-A review. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 2023;4:1085251.
Firincioglulari M, Ozmeric N. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology-Related Studies. Current Oral Health Reports. 2025;12:8.
Patil S, Joda T, Soffe B, et al. Efficacy of artificial intelligence in the detection of periodontal bone loss and classification of periodontal diseases: A systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2023;154(9):801-815.
Erdoğan E, Yılmaz B, Emingil G, et al. Periodontolojide Yapay Zeka Kullanımı: Günümüzdeki Uygulamalar, Yenilikler ve Gelecek Perspectives. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi. 2026;5(1).
Panahi O. Artificial Intelligence: A New Frontier in Periodontology. Modern Research in Dentistry. 2024;8(1):MRD.000680.
Scott J, Biancardi AM, Jones O, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review. Dentistry Journal. 2023;11(2):43.
Chatzopoulos GS, Koidou VP, Tsalikis L, et al. Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review. Medicina. 2025;61(6):1066.
Patel MS, Kumar S, Patel B, et al. Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Periodontology: A Review. Cureus. 2025;17(3):e81162.
Moosa Y, Bacha SH, Raza SA, et al. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2023;17(05):363.
Doğan ME, Aslan Öztürk EM. Oral Radyolojide Yapay Zeka. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research. 2022;6(1):16-25.
Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M, Barmak AB, et al. Artificial intelligence models for diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2023;130(6):816-824. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.026.
Parihar AS, Narang S, Tyagi S, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Periodontics: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2024;16:S1910-S1912.
Nguyen TT, Larrivée N, Lee A, et al. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Current Clinical Trends and Research Advances. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2021;87:e17.
Khan SF, Siddique A, Khan AM, et al. Artificial intelligence in periodontology and implantology-a narrative review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2024;86:1-13.
Güneç HG, Gökyay SS, Kaya E, et al. Toplum Yapay Zeka ile Dental Tanı Konmasına Hazır Mı? Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):200-207.
Ayad N, Schwendicke F, Krois J, et al. Patients' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in dentistry: a regional survey. Head & Face Medicine. 2023;19(1):23.
Pitchika V, Büttner M, Schwendicke F. Artificial intelligence and personalized diagnostics in periodontology: A narrative review. *Periodontology. 2000*. 2024. doi:10.1111/prd.12586.
Alan R, Alan BM. Utilizing ChatGPT-4 for providing information on periodontal disease to patients: A DISCERN quality analysis. *Cureus*. 2023;15(9):e46213. doi:10.7759/cureus.46213.
Babayiğit O, Taştan Eroğlu Z, Özkan Şen D, et al. Potential use of ChatGPT for patient information in periodontology: A descriptive pilot
Referanslar
Koca Ünsal RB, Orhan K. Diş Hekimliğinde Yapay Zeka Uygulamaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75(Suppl 1):52-55.
Yüce F, Taşsöker M. Diş hekimliğinde yapay zeka uygulamaları. Yeditepe Dental Journal. 2023;19(1).
Ding H, Wu J, Zhao W, et al. Artificial intelligence in dentistry-A review. Frontiers in Dental Medicine. 2023;4:1085251.
Firincioglulari M, Ozmeric N. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology-Related Studies. Current Oral Health Reports. 2025;12:8.
Patil S, Joda T, Soffe B, et al. Efficacy of artificial intelligence in the detection of periodontal bone loss and classification of periodontal diseases: A systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2023;154(9):801-815.
Erdoğan E, Yılmaz B, Emingil G, et al. Periodontolojide Yapay Zeka Kullanımı: Günümüzdeki Uygulamalar, Yenilikler ve Gelecek Perspectives. Türk Diş Hekimliği Araştırma Dergisi. 2026;5(1).
Panahi O. Artificial Intelligence: A New Frontier in Periodontology. Modern Research in Dentistry. 2024;8(1):MRD.000680.
Scott J, Biancardi AM, Jones O, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review. Dentistry Journal. 2023;11(2):43.
Chatzopoulos GS, Koidou VP, Tsalikis L, et al. Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology: A Scoping Review. Medicina. 2025;61(6):1066.
Patel MS, Kumar S, Patel B, et al. Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Periodontology: A Review. Cureus. 2025;17(3):e81162.
Moosa Y, Bacha SH, Raza SA, et al. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Periodontology. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2023;17(05):363.
Doğan ME, Aslan Öztürk EM. Oral Radyolojide Yapay Zeka. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research. 2022;6(1):16-25.
Revilla-León M, Gómez-Polo M, Barmak AB, et al. Artificial intelligence models for diagnosing gingivitis and periodontal disease: A systematic review. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2023;130(6):816-824. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.026.
Parihar AS, Narang S, Tyagi S, et al. Artificial Intelligence in Periodontics: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences. 2024;16:S1910-S1912.
Nguyen TT, Larrivée N, Lee A, et al. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: Current Clinical Trends and Research Advances. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2021;87:e17.
Khan SF, Siddique A, Khan AM, et al. Artificial intelligence in periodontology and implantology-a narrative review. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2024;86:1-13.
Güneç HG, Gökyay SS, Kaya E, et al. Toplum Yapay Zeka ile Dental Tanı Konmasına Hazır Mı? Selcuk Dental Journal. 2022;9(2):200-207.
Ayad N, Schwendicke F, Krois J, et al. Patients' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in dentistry: a regional survey. Head & Face Medicine. 2023;19(1):23.
Pitchika V, Büttner M, Schwendicke F. Artificial intelligence and personalized diagnostics in periodontology: A narrative review. *Periodontology. 2000*. 2024. doi:10.1111/prd.12586.
Alan R, Alan BM. Utilizing ChatGPT-4 for providing information on periodontal disease to patients: A DISCERN quality analysis. *Cureus*. 2023;15(9):e46213. doi:10.7759/cureus.46213.
Babayiğit O, Taştan Eroğlu Z, Özkan Şen D, et al. Potential use of ChatGPT for patient information in periodontology: A descriptive pilot
