Hipogonadizm

Bhasin, S ∙ Cunningham, GR ∙ Hayes, FJ ∙ et al., the Task Force, Endocrine Society Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95:2536-2559

Quigley, CA ∙ De Bellis, A ∙ Marschke, KB ∙ et al.Androgen receptor defects: historical, clinical, and molecular perspectivesEndocr Rev. 1995; 16:271-321

Crowley, Jr, WF ∙ Filicori, M ∙ Spratt, DI ∙ et al. The physiology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in men and women Recent Prog Horm Res. 1985; 41:473-531

Wetsel, WC ∙ Valença, MM ∙ Merchenthaler, I ∙ et al. Intrinsic pulsatile secretory activity of immortalized luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-secreting neurons Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89:4149-4153

Liu, L ∙ Banks, SM ∙ Barnes, KM ∙ et al. Two-year comparison of testicular responses to pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone and exogenous gonadotropins from the inception of therapy in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988; 67:1140-1145

Lanfranco, F ∙ Kamischke, A ∙ Zitzmann, M ∙ et al. Klinefelter's syndrome Lancet. 2004; 364:273-283

Wikström, AM ∙ Dunkel, L Klinefelter syndrome Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 25:239-250

Bojesen, A ∙ Juul, S ∙ Gravholt, CH Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome: a national registry study J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88:622-626

Swerdlow, AJ ∙ Schoemaker, MJ ∙ Higgins, CD ∙ et al., the UK Clinical Cytogenetics Group Cancer incidence and mortality in men with Klinefelter syndrome: a cohort study J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005; 97:1204-1210

Ramasamy, R ∙ Ricci, JA ∙ Palermo, GD ∙ et al Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome J Urol. 2009; 182:1108-1111

Beard, CM ∙ Benson, Jr, RC ∙ Kelalis, PP ∙ et al. The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 Mayo Clin Proc. 1977; 52:3-7

Salonia, A., Capogrosso, P., Boeri, L., Cocci, A., Corona, G., Dinkelman-Smit, M., ... & Minhas, S. (2025). European Association of Urology guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health: 2025 update on male hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and Peyronie’s disease. European Urology, 88(1), 76-102.

Meistrich, M. L., & Shetty, G. (2008). Hormonal suppression for fertility preservation in males and females. Reproduction, 136(6), 691-701.

SCHILSKY, R. L., LEWIS, B. J., SHERINS, R. J., & YOUNG, R. C. (1980). Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine, 93(1_Part_1), 109-114.

Pont, A., Williams, P. L., Azhar, S., Reitz, R. E., Bochra, C., Smith, E. R., & Stevens, D. A. (1982). Ketoconazole blocks testosterone synthesis. Archives of internal medicine, 142(12), 2137-2140.

Pryor, JL ∙ Kent-First, M ∙ Muallem, A ∙ et al. Microdeletions in the Y chromosome of infertile men N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:534-539

Balasubramanian, R., & Crowley Jr, W. F. (2011). Isolated GnRH deficiency: a disease model serving as a unique prism into the systems biology of the GnRH neuronal network. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 346(1-2), 4.

Vuong, C., Van Uum, S. H., O'Dell, L. E., Lutfy, K., & Friedman, T. C. (2010). The effects of opioids and opioid analogs on animal and human endocrine systems. Endocrine reviews, 31(1), 98-132.

Kalm, L. M., & Semba, R. D. (2005). They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment. The Journal of nutrition, 135(6), 1347-1352.

Siemons, L. J., & Mahler, C. H. (1987). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in hemochromatosis: recovery of reproductive function after iron depletion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 65(3), 585-587.

Kalm, L. M., & Semba, R. D. (2005). They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment. The Journal of nutrition, 135(6), 1347-1352.

Edelstein, D., Sivanandy, M., Shahani, S., & Basaria, S. (2007). The latest options and future agents for treating male hypogonadism. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 8(17), 2991-3008.

Steidle, C., Schwartz, S., Jacoby, K., Sebree, T., Smith, T., Bachand, R., & North American AA2500 T Gel Study Group. (2003). AA2500 testosterone gel normalizes androgen levels in aging males with improvements in body composition and sexual function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(6), 2673-2681.

Steidle, C., Schwartz, S., Jacoby, K., Sebree, T., Smith, T., Bachand, R., & North American AA2500 T Gel Study Group. (2003). AA2500 testosterone gel normalizes androgen levels in aging males with improvements in body composition and sexual function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(6), 2673-2681.

KORENMAN, S. G., MORLEY, J. E., MOORADIAN, A. D., DAVIS, S. S., KAISER, F. E., SILVER, A. J., ... & GARZA, D. (1990). Secondary hypogonadism in older men: its relation to impotence. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 71(4), 963-969.

Snyder, P. J., Peachey, H., Berlin, J. A., Hannoush, P., Haddad, G., Dlewati, A., ... & Strom, B. L. (2000). Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85(8), 2670-2677.

Shahani, S., Braga-Basaria, M., Maggio, M., & Basaria, S. (2009). Androgens and erythropoiesis: past and present. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 32(8), 704-716.

Bachman, E., Feng, R., Travison, T., Li, M., Olbina, G., Ostland, V., ... & Bhasin, S. (2010). Testosterone suppresses hepcidin in men: a potential mechanism for testosterone-induced erythrocytosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(10), 4743-4747.

Behre, H. M., Bohmeyer, J., & Nieschlag, E. (1994). Prostate volume in testosterone‐treated and untreated hypogonadal men in comparison to age‐matched normal controls. Clinical endocrinology, 40(3), 341-349.

Bhasin, S ∙ Cunningham, GR ∙ Hayes, FJ ∙ et al., the Task Force, Endocrine Society Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95:2536-2559

Quigley, CA ∙ De Bellis, A ∙ Marschke, KB ∙ et al.Androgen receptor defects: historical, clinical, and molecular perspectivesEndocr Rev. 1995; 16:271-321

Crowley, Jr, WF ∙ Filicori, M ∙ Spratt, DI ∙ et al. The physiology of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in men and women Recent Prog Horm Res. 1985; 41:473-531

Wetsel, WC ∙ Valença, MM ∙ Merchenthaler, I ∙ et al. Intrinsic pulsatile secretory activity of immortalized luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-secreting neurons Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89:4149-4153

Liu, L ∙ Banks, SM ∙ Barnes, KM ∙ et al. Two-year comparison of testicular responses to pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone and exogenous gonadotropins from the inception of therapy in men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988; 67:1140-1145

Lanfranco, F ∙ Kamischke, A ∙ Zitzmann, M ∙ et al. Klinefelter's syndrome Lancet. 2004; 364:273-283

Wikström, AM ∙ Dunkel, L Klinefelter syndrome Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 25:239-250

Bojesen, A ∙ Juul, S ∙ Gravholt, CH Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome: a national registry study J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88:622-626

Swerdlow, AJ ∙ Schoemaker, MJ ∙ Higgins, CD ∙ et al., the UK Clinical Cytogenetics Group Cancer incidence and mortality in men with Klinefelter syndrome: a cohort study J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005; 97:1204-1210

Ramasamy, R ∙ Ricci, JA ∙ Palermo, GD ∙ et al Successful fertility treatment for Klinefelter's syndrome J Urol. 2009; 182:1108-1111

Beard, CM ∙ Benson, Jr, RC ∙ Kelalis, PP ∙ et al. The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974 Mayo Clin Proc. 1977; 52:3-7

Salonia, A., Capogrosso, P., Boeri, L., Cocci, A., Corona, G., Dinkelman-Smit, M., ... & Minhas, S. (2025). European Association of Urology guidelines on male sexual and reproductive health: 2025 update on male hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and Peyronie’s disease. European Urology, 88(1), 76-102.

Meistrich, M. L., & Shetty, G. (2008). Hormonal suppression for fertility preservation in males and females. Reproduction, 136(6), 691-701.

SCHILSKY, R. L., LEWIS, B. J., SHERINS, R. J., & YOUNG, R. C. (1980). Gonadal dysfunction in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer. Annals of Internal Medicine, 93(1_Part_1), 109-114.

Pont, A., Williams, P. L., Azhar, S., Reitz, R. E., Bochra, C., Smith, E. R., & Stevens, D. A. (1982). Ketoconazole blocks testosterone synthesis. Archives of internal medicine, 142(12), 2137-2140.

Pryor, JL ∙ Kent-First, M ∙ Muallem, A ∙ et al. Microdeletions in the Y chromosome of infertile men N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:534-539

Balasubramanian, R., & Crowley Jr, W. F. (2011). Isolated GnRH deficiency: a disease model serving as a unique prism into the systems biology of the GnRH neuronal network. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 346(1-2), 4.

Vuong, C., Van Uum, S. H., O'Dell, L. E., Lutfy, K., & Friedman, T. C. (2010). The effects of opioids and opioid analogs on animal and human endocrine systems. Endocrine reviews, 31(1), 98-132.

Kalm, L. M., & Semba, R. D. (2005). They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment. The Journal of nutrition, 135(6), 1347-1352.

Siemons, L. J., & Mahler, C. H. (1987). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in hemochromatosis: recovery of reproductive function after iron depletion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 65(3), 585-587.

Kalm, L. M., & Semba, R. D. (2005). They starved so that others be better fed: remembering Ancel Keys and the Minnesota experiment. The Journal of nutrition, 135(6), 1347-1352.

Edelstein, D., Sivanandy, M., Shahani, S., & Basaria, S. (2007). The latest options and future agents for treating male hypogonadism. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 8(17), 2991-3008.

Steidle, C., Schwartz, S., Jacoby, K., Sebree, T., Smith, T., Bachand, R., & North American AA2500 T Gel Study Group. (2003). AA2500 testosterone gel normalizes androgen levels in aging males with improvements in body composition and sexual function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(6), 2673-2681.

Steidle, C., Schwartz, S., Jacoby, K., Sebree, T., Smith, T., Bachand, R., & North American AA2500 T Gel Study Group. (2003). AA2500 testosterone gel normalizes androgen levels in aging males with improvements in body composition and sexual function. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 88(6), 2673-2681.

KORENMAN, S. G., MORLEY, J. E., MOORADIAN, A. D., DAVIS, S. S., KAISER, F. E., SILVER, A. J., ... & GARZA, D. (1990). Secondary hypogonadism in older men: its relation to impotence. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 71(4), 963-969.

Snyder, P. J., Peachey, H., Berlin, J. A., Hannoush, P., Haddad, G., Dlewati, A., ... & Strom, B. L. (2000). Effects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85(8), 2670-2677.

Shahani, S., Braga-Basaria, M., Maggio, M., & Basaria, S. (2009). Androgens and erythropoiesis: past and present. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 32(8), 704-716.

Bachman, E., Feng, R., Travison, T., Li, M., Olbina, G., Ostland, V., ... & Bhasin, S. (2010). Testosterone suppresses hepcidin in men: a potential mechanism for testosterone-induced erythrocytosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 95(10), 4743-4747.

Behre, H. M., Bohmeyer, J., & Nieschlag, E. (1994). Prostate volume in testosterone‐treated and untreated hypogonadal men in comparison to age‐matched normal controls. Clinical endocrinology, 40(3), 341-349.