Varikosel: Tanım, Epidemiyoloji ve Tarihsel Gelişim

de Castro MP, Mastrorocco DA. Reproductive history and semen analysis in prevasectomy fertile men with and without varicocele. J Androl 1984;5:17–20.

McGarry P, Alrabeeah K, Jarvi K, Zini A. Is varicocelectomy beneficial in men previously deemed subfertile but with normal semen parameters based on the new guidelines? A retrospective study. Urology 2015;85:357–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.10.031

Dubin L, Amelar RD. Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility. Fertil Steril 1971;22:469–74.

Masson P, Brannigan RE. The varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 2014;41:129–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.001

Nöske HD, Weidner W. Varicocele – a historical perspective. World J Urol 1999;17:151–7.

Tulloch WS. Varicocele in subfertility. Br Med J 1955;2:356–8.

Owen RC, McCormick BJ, Figler BD, Coward RM. A review of varicocele repair for pain. Transl Androl Urol 2017;6(Suppl 1):S20–9. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.03.36

Lipshultz LI, Corriere JN. Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient. J Urol 1977;117:175–6.

Çayan, S., Akbay, E., Bozlu, M., Doruk, E., Yildiz, A., Acar, D., et al. (2002). Diagnosis of pediatric varicoceles by physical examination and ultrasonography and measurement of the testicular volume. Urologia Internationalis, 69(4), 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1159/000066125

Chiou, R. K., Anderson, J. C., Wobig, R. K., Rosinsky, D. E., Matamoros, W. S., Chen, W. S., et al. (1997). Color Doppler ultrasound criteria to diagnose varicoceles: Correlation of a new scoring system with physical examination. Urology, 50(6), 953–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00452-4

Dubin, L., & Amelar, R. D. (1970). Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele. Fertility and Sterility, 21(8), 606–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)37684-1

American Urological Association. (2001). Report on varicocele and infertility: An AUA Best Practice Policy and ASRM Practice Committee report. American Urological Association.

Bogaert, G., Orye, C., & De Win, G. (2013). Pubertal screening and treatment for varicocele do not improve chance of paternity as adult. The Journal of Urology, 189(6), 2298–2304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.030

Çayan, S., Şahin, S., & Akbay, E. (2017). Paternity rates and time to conception in adolescents with varicocele undergoing microsurgical varicocele repair vs observation only: A single institution experience with 408 patients. The Journal of Urology, 198(1), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.066

Gontero, P., Pretti, G., Fontana, F., Zitella, A., Marchioro, G., & Frea, B. (2005). Inguinal versus subinguinal varicocele vein ligation using magnifying loupe under local anesthesia: Which technique is preferable in clinical practice? Urology, 66(5), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.05.009

Marmar, J. L., DeBenedictis, T. J., & Praiss, D. (1985). The management of varicoceles by microdissection of the spermatic cord at the external inguinal ring. Fertility and Sterility, 43(4), 583–588.

Goldstein, M., Gilbert, B. R., Dicker, A. P., Dwosh, J., & Gnecco, C. (1992). Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: An artery and lymphatic sparing technique. The Journal of Urology, 148(6), 1808–1811.

Evers, J. L. H., Collins, J. A., & Vandekerckhove, P. (2001). Surgery or embolisation for varicocele in subfertile men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD000479. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000479

Agarwal, A., Deepinder, F., Cocuzza, M., Agarwal, R., Short, R. A., Sabanegh, E., et al. (2007). Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: New meta-analytical approach. Urology, 70(3), 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.04.011

Schauer, I., Madersbacher, S., Jost, R., Hübner, W. A., & Imhof, M. (2012). The impact of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Urology, 187(5), 1540–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.084

Baazeem, A., Belzile, E., Ciampi, A., Dohle, G., Jarvi, K., Salonia, A., et al. (2011). Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: A new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. European Urology, 60(4), 796–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.018

Sajadi, H., et al. Varicocelectomy May Improve Results for Sperm Retrieval and Pregnancy Rate in Non-Obstructive Azoospermic Men. Int J Fertil Steril, 2019. 12: 303.

Jensen, S., et al. Varicocele treatment in non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review. Arab J Urol, 2021. 19: 221.

Esteves, S.C., et al. Outcome of varicocele repair in men with nonobstructive azoospermia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 246.

Crestani, A., et al. Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins for varicocele treatment: technique, complications, and results. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 292.

Makris, G.C., et al. Safety and effectiveness of the different types of embolic materials for the treatment of testicular varicoceles: a systematic review. Br J Radiol, 2018. 91: 20170445.

Goldstein, M., et al. Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic sparing technique. J Urol, 1992. 148: 1808.

Cayan, S., et al. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl, 2009. 30: 33

Rotker, K., et al. Recurrent varicocele. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 229.

Pallotti, F., et al. Varicocele and semen quality: a retrospective case-control study of 4230 patients from a single centre. J Endocrinol Invest, 2018. 41: 185.

EAU2024 Guidelines

de Castro MP, Mastrorocco DA. Reproductive history and semen analysis in prevasectomy fertile men with and without varicocele. J Androl 1984;5:17–20.

McGarry P, Alrabeeah K, Jarvi K, Zini A. Is varicocelectomy beneficial in men previously deemed subfertile but with normal semen parameters based on the new guidelines? A retrospective study. Urology 2015;85:357–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2014.10.031

Dubin L, Amelar RD. Etiologic factors in 1294 consecutive cases of male infertility. Fertil Steril 1971;22:469–74.

Masson P, Brannigan RE. The varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 2014;41:129–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2013.08.001

Nöske HD, Weidner W. Varicocele – a historical perspective. World J Urol 1999;17:151–7.

Tulloch WS. Varicocele in subfertility. Br Med J 1955;2:356–8.

Owen RC, McCormick BJ, Figler BD, Coward RM. A review of varicocele repair for pain. Transl Androl Urol 2017;6(Suppl 1):S20–9. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.03.36

Lipshultz LI, Corriere JN. Progressive testicular atrophy in the varicocele patient. J Urol 1977;117:175–6.

Çayan, S., Akbay, E., Bozlu, M., Doruk, E., Yildiz, A., Acar, D., et al. (2002). Diagnosis of pediatric varicoceles by physical examination and ultrasonography and measurement of the testicular volume. Urologia Internationalis, 69(4), 293–296. https://doi.org/10.1159/000066125

Chiou, R. K., Anderson, J. C., Wobig, R. K., Rosinsky, D. E., Matamoros, W. S., Chen, W. S., et al. (1997). Color Doppler ultrasound criteria to diagnose varicoceles: Correlation of a new scoring system with physical examination. Urology, 50(6), 953–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(97)00452-4

Dubin, L., & Amelar, R. D. (1970). Varicocele size and results of varicocelectomy in selected subfertile men with varicocele. Fertility and Sterility, 21(8), 606–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-0282(16)37684-1

American Urological Association. (2001). Report on varicocele and infertility: An AUA Best Practice Policy and ASRM Practice Committee report. American Urological Association.

Bogaert, G., Orye, C., & De Win, G. (2013). Pubertal screening and treatment for varicocele do not improve chance of paternity as adult. The Journal of Urology, 189(6), 2298–2304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.030

Çayan, S., Şahin, S., & Akbay, E. (2017). Paternity rates and time to conception in adolescents with varicocele undergoing microsurgical varicocele repair vs observation only: A single institution experience with 408 patients. The Journal of Urology, 198(1), 195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.066

Gontero, P., Pretti, G., Fontana, F., Zitella, A., Marchioro, G., & Frea, B. (2005). Inguinal versus subinguinal varicocele vein ligation using magnifying loupe under local anesthesia: Which technique is preferable in clinical practice? Urology, 66(5), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.05.009

Marmar, J. L., DeBenedictis, T. J., & Praiss, D. (1985). The management of varicoceles by microdissection of the spermatic cord at the external inguinal ring. Fertility and Sterility, 43(4), 583–588.

Goldstein, M., Gilbert, B. R., Dicker, A. P., Dwosh, J., & Gnecco, C. (1992). Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: An artery and lymphatic sparing technique. The Journal of Urology, 148(6), 1808–1811.

Evers, J. L. H., Collins, J. A., & Vandekerckhove, P. (2001). Surgery or embolisation for varicocele in subfertile men. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD000479. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000479

Agarwal, A., Deepinder, F., Cocuzza, M., Agarwal, R., Short, R. A., Sabanegh, E., et al. (2007). Efficacy of varicocelectomy in improving semen parameters: New meta-analytical approach. Urology, 70(3), 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2007.04.011

Schauer, I., Madersbacher, S., Jost, R., Hübner, W. A., & Imhof, M. (2012). The impact of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Urology, 187(5), 1540–1547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.12.084

Baazeem, A., Belzile, E., Ciampi, A., Dohle, G., Jarvi, K., Salonia, A., et al. (2011). Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: A new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. European Urology, 60(4), 796–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.018

Sajadi, H., et al. Varicocelectomy May Improve Results for Sperm Retrieval and Pregnancy Rate in Non-Obstructive Azoospermic Men. Int J Fertil Steril, 2019. 12: 303.

Jensen, S., et al. Varicocele treatment in non-obstructive azoospermia: a systematic review. Arab J Urol, 2021. 19: 221.

Esteves, S.C., et al. Outcome of varicocele repair in men with nonobstructive azoospermia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 246.

Crestani, A., et al. Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy of internal spermatic veins for varicocele treatment: technique, complications, and results. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 292.

Makris, G.C., et al. Safety and effectiveness of the different types of embolic materials for the treatment of testicular varicoceles: a systematic review. Br J Radiol, 2018. 91: 20170445.

Goldstein, M., et al. Microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy with delivery of the testis: an artery and lymphatic sparing technique. J Urol, 1992. 148: 1808.

Cayan, S., et al. Treatment of palpable varicocele in infertile men: a meta-analysis to define the best technique. J Androl, 2009. 30: 33

Rotker, K., et al. Recurrent varicocele. Asian J Androl, 2016. 18: 229.

Pallotti, F., et al. Varicocele and semen quality: a retrospective case-control study of 4230 patients from a single centre. J Endocrinol Invest, 2018. 41: 185.

EAU2024 Guidelines